| 释义 |
pathology|pəˈθɒlədʒɪ|
[ad. mod. or med.L. pathologia, f. Gr. παθο-, patho- + -λογία, -logy: cf. F. pathologie (c 1600).]
1. a. The science or study of disease; that department of medical science, or of physiology, which treats of the causes and nature of diseases, or abnormal bodily affections or conditions.
[1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 1 b/1 Pathologia treatethe of the cause and occasione of the sicknesses.] 1611Cotgr., Pathologique, of, or belonging to, Pathologie. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts (1684) 76 This, in the Pathology of Plants, may be the Disease of ϕυλλοµανία. 1783W. Cullen First Lines Pref., Wks. 1827 I. 470 The many hypothetical doctrines of the Humoral Pathology. 1845Todd & Bowman Phys. Anat. I. 28 Pathology is the physiology of disease. 1874Mahaffy Soc. Life Greece ix. 274 Greek medicine rather started from hygiene than from pathology.
b. transf. The sum of pathological processes or conditions.
1672Sir T. Browne Lett. Friend §14 If Asia, Africa, and America should bring in their List [of diseases], Pandoras Box would swell, and there must be a strange Pathology. 1797M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) p. v, We shall add to our knowledge of the pathology of the body. 1807Med. Jrnl. XVII. 211 Among the variety of diseases..few are involved in more obscurity as to their pathology,..than..tetanus. 1881Med. Temp. Jrnl. Oct. 17 The pathology as indicated in the changes which took place in the body. 1977D. M. Smith Human Geogr. x. 278 The major metropolitan states with their high general average affluence levels clearly experience high levels of social pathology.
c. The study of morbid or abnormal mental or moral conditions. Also in extended use.
1842Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 114 Understand the pathology of the human soul, and be able to cure its diseases. a1878Lewes Study Psychol. i. (1879) 35 Mental Pathology..has run a course parallel to that of Mental Physiology. 1972W. Labov Language in Inner City iv. 134 There is evidence from linguistic pathology that a deep-seated knowledge of this fact may be present in native speakers. 1972T. Kochman Rappin' & Stylin' Out p. xi, This book is an attempt to get beyond what Albert Murray has called the ‘fakelore of black pathology’ and its corollary, the ‘folklore of white supremacy’.
2. The study of the passions or emotions. rare.
1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Pathologie, the doctrine of the passions. 18..Bentham Princ. Civil Code i. vi. Wks. 1843 I. 304/2 Pathology is a term..not hitherto..employed in morals, but..equally necessary here... Moral pathology would consist in the knowledge of the feelings, affections, and passions. 1817― Table Springs of Action ibid. 205 Psychological dynamics..has for its basis psychological pathology. 1833Chalmers Const. Man (1834) II. ii. ii. 180.
Add:3. Math. Any pathological feature or element of a mathematical system, esp. grossly abnormal behaviour of a surface or field in the neighbourhood of a particular point.
1961Amer. Jrnl. Math. LXXXIII. 339 (heading) Pathologies of modular algebraic surfaces. 1962Proc. Cambr. Philos. Soc.: Math. & Physical Sci. LVIII. 569 (heading) Some plane curve pathologies. 1974Nature 13 Dec. 570/2 Clearly, we should be setting up a self-consistent (Dyson) equation: which means bringing in the contributions of higher loops. (For a similar pathology in calculations of critical temperature see the paper of Dolan and Jackiw.) 1978Ibid. 16 Mar. 213/2 The recent analysis of the general type IX model seems to indicate that the pathologies associated with velocity fields found by Collins and Shikin are probably artefacts of non-generic homogeneous universes. 1988Jrnl. Differential Equations LXXII. 86 In particular, h = 0 is a bifurcation point where the set of bounded orbits changes from a single periodic orbit to a ‘pathology’ of bounded orbits. |
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