| 释义 |
‖ pasha, pacha|ˈpɑːʃə, ˈpæ-, pəˈʃɑː|
Forms: 7–8 pascha, 7 passa, 9 pashaw, pacha, 8– pasha.
[Turkish pāshā, generally held to be the same as bāshā from bāsh head, chief, in some Eastern Turkish dialects pāsh. The form with b was app. the earlier, being that first adopted in Western languages: see bashaw.
In Turkish there is no hard-and-fast line between the breath and voice stops; and in the case of p, b, the confusion is increased by the absence of p in Arabic and the occasional replacement of Persian and Turkish p by b (cf. papoosh, pabouch, babouche, etc.): this may have conduced to interchange of b, p, and survival of the p in pasha. Some however think pāshā and bāshā originally distinct words (cf. quot. 1687); Zenker distinguishes bāshā, the officer of the Janizaries, from pāshā, which is now largely a civil title; but Barbier says that the title, in either form, was under the ancient régime exclusively a military one. The best Turkish scholars think there is no ground for connecting the word in any way with Pers. pādshah king or emperor, Turkish pādishah the Sultan.]
Hist. A title formerly borne in Turkey by officers of high rank, as military commanders, and governors of provinces. Formerly, esp. in the case of military commanders, written bashaw.
There were three grades of pashas, formerly distinguished by the number of horse-tails displayed as a symbol in war; the highest grade (of three tails) corresponding to a commanding general, admiral, or governor of equivalent rank; the second (of two tails) to a general of division or vice-admiral, etc.; the third (of one tail) to a general of brigade, rear-admiral, or naval officer of corresponding rank.[For earlier quotations (1534–1860) see bashaw.] 1646Crashaw Deo Nostro (1652) 193 The aged Pascha pleads not years, But spies love's dawn, and disappears. 1687Lond. Gaz. No. 2219/2 The Chiaus Bassa is made a Passa, which is a Preferment to his Loss. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Abbé Conti 17 May, Every pasha has his Jew, who is his homme d'affaires. 1808A. Parsons Trav. i. 4 The price of bread..is fixed by the pashaw of the province. 1822Shelley Hellas 565 The freedman..has beat back the Pacha of Negropont. 1848Thackeray Bk. Snobs iv, I am like the Pasha of three tails. 1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. i. 3 The rest of the party went on to see the Pacha of Egypt's Palace.
Hence pasha-like a., like or after the manner of a pasha. pashadom, the domain, realm, or estate of pashas.
1849E. B. Eastwick Dry Leaves 172, I..began to feel quite supreme and Pashá-like. 1883Pall Mall G. 24 Nov. 1/2 On the 23rd of October last year I was at Cairo... Pashadom seemed fairly ablaze with decorations and ribbons. 1885Manch. Exam. 24 July 5/3 The Sultan and all pashadom have been filled with growing anxiety and concern. |
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