| 单词 |
Marangoni |
| 释义 |
Marangoni, n. Physics.|mæræŋˈgəʊnɪ|
[The name of Carlo G. M. Marangoni (1840–1925), Italian physicist.]
Used attrib. to designate concepts arising from Maragoni's investigation of surface tension, as Marangoni effect, the phenomenon of longitudinal motion in, and small-scale turbulence at, a liquid interface owing to local variations in surface tension; Marangoni instability, instability in a liquid interface associated with local variations in surface tension; Marangoni number, a dimensionless number associated with a liquid, equal to the ratio of surface tension gradient to the product of viscous drag and the rate of heat diffusion.
1948J. J. Bikerman Surface Chem. i. 81 If, on a contaminated surface of water, some ignited talc is spread and the film of contamination + talc is removed by a scoop or blotting paper from a part of the surface, it is seen that the talc covered area rapidly invades that from which the film has been removed. The cleaner surface has a higher surface tension and reacts against the lower surface tension of the contaminated surface. This phenomenon may be called the Marangoni effect, as C. Marangoni..apparently was the first to explain movements in the surface by local variations of surface tension. 1959Sternling & Scriven in Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Chem. Engin. V. 521/2 That the authors' simplified model is subject to Marangoni instability is now established. 1966Physics of Fluids IX. 615/1 That convection cells can be induced by surface tension variations in the presence of temperature or concentration gradients was first established by Pearson... Pearson showed that this mode of instability..is governed by the magnitude of a new dimensionless group B (often referred to as the Marangoni number). 1980Sci. Amer. July 87/1 Bénard convection sets in when the Marangoni number exceeds a critical value. 1983Jrnl. Colloid & Interface Sci. XCIII. 392 The influence that various factors (dynamic interfacial tension, Marangoni instability, and natural convection) have to produce spontaneous pulsation of liquid drops in binary systems and [etc.]. 1988Physical Rev. Lett. LX. 964/2 It is possible that the Marangoni effect is inhibited because of the presence of an adsorbed film on the surface of the water. |
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