| 释义 |
▪ I. prow, n.1 Now chiefly literary.|praʊ|
Forms: 6 proo, 7 proe, pro; 6–8 prowe, 7 prou, -e, 7– prow.
[a. F. proue (in 14th c. proe, proue), or ad. the cognate proa (Pg., Sp., Cat., Pr., Genoese), in It. prua; all prob. ultimately from L. prōra, a. Gr. πρῷρα, earlier πρώϊρα prow. For details, and the pronunciation, see Note below.]
1. The fore-part of a boat or ship; the part immediately about the stem.
1555Eden Decades 231 They had a west and north weste wynd in the proos of theyr shyppe. 1601Holland Pliny I. 129 To auoid the necessitie of turning about in these seas, the ships haue prows at both ends, and are pointed each way. Ibid. 252 A shel-fish..fashioned with a keele like to a barge or barke, with a poupe embowed and turned vp: yea and armed as it were in the proe with a three-forked pike. 1610― Camden's Brit. i. 244 He used the Helme of a Ship for a Seale..like as Pompeie [had] the Stemme or Pro thereof in his coines. 1697Dryden æneid v. 188 The brushing oars and brazen prow [rimes row, below]. 1757Gray Bard 74 Youth on the prow, and Pleasure at the helm. 1830Tennyson Arab. Nts. v, The sparkling flints beneath the prow [rimes low, flow]. 1833L. Ritchie Wand. by Loire 27 The pointed prow and flat bottom of the boats. 1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 172 From this part it tapers in plan, and rises in section, to the prow and stern. 1887Bowen æneid iii. 277 Anchors are cast forthwith from the prows, sterns laid on the sand.
†b. Formerly sometimes applied specially to the fore gun-deck holding the bow-guns, and hence to a discharge of shot from these. Cf. chase n.1 6. Obs.
1600Hakluyt Voy. III. 566 They..came vpon our quarter star-boord: and giuing vs fiue cast pieces out of her prowe, they sought to lay vs aboord. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 10 The Prow is the Decke abaft the Fore-castle, whereon lyeth the Prow peeces. Ibid. xiii. 60 Giue him..your prow and broad side as before. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Prow of a Ship, is that part of her Fore-castle which is aloft, and not in the Hold; and is properly that which is between the Chase and the Loofe.
†c. Phr. prow and poop, the whole ship; fig. the whole. Obs.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. xvii. (1634) 691 As if the enclosing of Christ under bread were (as the proverbe is) the prowe and poupe of godlinesse. a1632in Lithgow Trav. vii. 328 Both Proue and puppe, do answere to the Helme.
2. A point or pointed part projecting in front, like the prow of a ship; spec. in Zool. = prora 2.
1656Blount Glossogr., Prow,..Also a point advancing it self out of a building, as the Prow out of a Ship. 1812–16Playfair Nat. Phil. (1819) I. 209 If a prow, in the form of a wedge, be drawn through a fluid [etc.]. 1819Shelley Prometh. Unb. iv. i. 232 A guiding power directs the chariot's prow Over its wheelèd clouds. 1887Sollas in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 417/2 (Sponges) The back of the ‘C’ [-shaped spicule] is the keel or tropis; the points are the prows or proræ.
3. transf. A ship. poet. (Cf. keel n.1 2.)
1738Gray Propertius iii. 51 Prows, that late in fierce Encounter mett. 1819Byron Juan ii. clxxiv, At last her father's prows put out to sea.
4. attrib. and Comb., as prow gun, prow ornament, prow side; prow-decked a., having an ornamental prow; prow-shaped a., of the shape of a ship's prow, i.e. projecting in a point in front.
1615Chapman Odyss. ix. 131 Nor place the neighbour Cyclops their delights, In braue Vermilion *prow-deckt ships.
1790Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. II. 41 The grabs attacked at a distance with their *prow-guns.
1838Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 394/2 High pressure steam, length of stroke, and *prow-shaped bows..are not all necessary for speed. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 200 The small head, with narrow forehead presenting marked interfrontal ridge—the prow-shaped cranium—indicates the worst pathological type.
1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. lxvi. 267 Rocks and shelves of sand, which were on the *Prow side.
Hence prowed |praʊd| a., having a prow.
1884A. J. Evans in Archæologia XLIX. 46 A wooden bridge..supported on pillars..prowed so as to look like a row of vessels breasting the current. 1895K. Meyer Voy. Bran I. 18 The prowed skiff in which Bran is.
[Note. The loss of the r of L. prōra in the Romanic proa is unusual, but is said to be exemplified in Genoese, which may be the source of the other Mediterranean forms, and of It. prua and F. proue. But F. proue might also represent a Romanic *prōda (or *prōta) preserved in It. proda prow, brink, which may have arisen from L. prōra by dissimilation, r becoming d after r preceding, as in It. rado = L. rārus rare. But some would refer It. proda to OHG. prort, prot (= OLG. brood) prow, brink. See Diez s.v. prua, Körting s.v. prora, and articles there referred to.
The earlier Eng. spellings proo, pro, proe point to the pronunciation |proː|); but proo may also have meant |pruː| = F. proue. Prow, prowe, are ambiguous: Dryden and Scott rime prow with below, glow; Shelley with flow, but also with now; Tennyson in 1830 with low, flow, but later with brow and now. Walker 1791 cites 5 orthoepists for each pronunciation. Smart 1836 gives only |proː|. It is possible that there were in 16th c. two forms |proː| and |pruː|, corresp. to Romanic proa, F. proe, and to F. proue respectively, the form |pruː| being in 18th c. diphthongized to |praʊ|; but this pronunciation may also have arisen in the 18th c., as in prowl, merely from the ambiguity of the spelling ow.]
▪ II. † prow, n.2 Obs.|pruː|
Forms: 3–4 pru, pruu, prw, 3–5 prou, 4–6 prowe, 4–7 prow, (5 prowȝ). See also prew.
[ME. pru, prou, a. OF. pru, prou (earlier prod, prot, prut, prout) profit, advantage (= It. prode, Sp., Pg. pro), subst. use of OF. pru, prou (prod, prud), It. prode, adj.: see next. Cf. improve v.2]
Advantage, profit, benefit, weal, good.
c1290Beket 356 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 116 Þe bischopriches fullen boþe, In-to þe kingus hond, For-to onder-fonge al þe prov þare-of. Ibid. (Percy Soc.) 302 That he myȝte the more prou afonge. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10717 As weyl haue þe quyke, þe pru, As þe dede. c1330― Chron. (1810) 278 His barons did also for þe comon prow. 13..Cursor M. 29470 (Cott.) Þe neuent es for þin aun pruu [C. Galba prow]. c1386Chaucer Nun's Pr. T. 130, I shal my self to herbes techen yow That shul been for youre hele and for youre prow. c1470Harding Chron. xcviii. ix, It maye bee for his prowe, To thynke on it. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 144 Dissaitfullie..he gart him trow, That he wrocht ay for his plesour and prow. c1570Pride & Lowl. (1841) 34 Syr..gladlye would I doon ye prowe, If in this matter I had halfe the skyll.
▪ III. prow, a. arch.
(praʊ, bef. 1600 pruː)
[ME. a. OF. prou adj. (earlier prod, pro, prud, pru, nom. proz, prus), in later OF. preu, mod.F. preux = It. prode, Pr. proz, pro:—late L. *prōdis, neut. prōde (in Itala), = the first element in L. prōd-esse to be useful or profitable, to do good: see proud, also the ME. forms preu, pru, prew, preus, corresp. to later OF.]
Good, worthy, valiant, brave, gallant.
(A doublet of the earlier prút, prúd, proud, introduced anew in the French sense, after proud was specialized in its English sense = superbus. App. obsolete from 16th c. (cf. preu), but the superlative prowest was much affected by Spenser, whence it has come down in later poets. Some modern writers have also revived the positive prow.)
c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 115 He þat hauys a long nose rechinge to þe mouth, ys prow and hardy. a1555Philpot Exam. & Writ. (Parker Soc.) 360 Christ, our most prowest Master, keepeth silence of them. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 41 The prowest knight that ever field did fight. Ibid. iii. iii. 28 Proofe of thy prow valiaunce Thou then shalt make. 1591Harington Orl. Fur. xlvi. vii, The noblest, stoutest, and the prowest knight. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 342 Angelica His Daughter, sought by many Prowest Knights Both Paynim, and the Peers of Charlemane. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages (1872) I. i. ii. 52 They might claim to be the prowest knights in Europe. 1851C. L. Smith tr. Tasso iii. lix, A man more wise of head or prow of hand. 1869Tennyson Pelleas & Ettarre 342 From prime to vespers will I chant thy praise As prowest knight and truest lover. 1898T. Hardy Wessex Poems 69 Carl Schwartzenberg was in the plot, And Blücher, prompt and prow.
▪ IV. † prow, v. Obs. rare.
In 4 prowe, prou.
[f. prow n.2 or a.; possibly, ‘to prow’, in him to prow, the folk to prow = ‘for advantage to him, to the people’, was mistaken for a verb infinitive. Cf.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8820 When þe kyng herde of þer vertu, Þat þey myght falle þe folk to prw, He had longyng for hem to go..Þe stones to Bretaigne for to brynge.]
intr. To be of advantage; to be profitable or beneficial. Const. to or dat.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 298 Þat no þing suld be left, þat myght to Inglond prowe. 13..Cursor M. 27127 (Cott.) And es he for a fule to trou, Þat will noght do þat mai him prou.
▪ V. prow
Malay boat: see proa. |
