| 释义 |
▪ I. sambo|ˈsæmbəʊ|
Pl. -bos, -boes. Forms: 8 samboe, 9 zambo, 8– sambo.
[a. Sp. zambo, applied in America and Asia to persons of various degrees of mixed Negro and Indian or European blood; also, a name for a kind of yellow monkey; perh. identical with zambo bandy-legged (according to Diez repr. L. scambus).]
1. (See quot. 1884.)
1748Earthquake Peru iii. 240 Sambo de Mulatto, sprung from Negroes and Mulattos. Ibid., Sambo de Indian, sprung from Negroes and Indians. 1796Stedman Surinam (1813) I. xiii. 340 A Samboe is between a mulatto and a black. 1833Marryat P. Simple xxxi, A quadroon looks down upon a mulatto, while a mulatto looks down upon a sambo, that is, half mulatto half negro. 1884Encycl. Brit. XVII. 319/2 Zambo: any half-breed, but mostly the issue of Negro and Indian parents; in the United States, Peru, and West Indies of Negro and Mulatto.
attrib.1748Earthquake Peru iii. 240 Giveros, the Offspring of Sambo Mulattos and Sambo Indians.
2. (With capital S.) A nickname for a Negro. Now used only as a term of abuse. Also attrib., esp. with reference to the appearance or subservient mentality held to be typical of the black American slave. [Perh. a different word; it has been suggested that it may be the Foulah sambo uncle.]
1704Boston News-Let. 2 Oct. 2/2 There is a Negro man taken up supposed to be Runaway from his Master,..calls himself Sambo. 1735J. Atkins Voy. to Guinea, Brazil & W. Indies 170 If you look strange and are niggardly of your Drams, you frighten him; Sambo is gone, he never cares to treat with dry lips. 1781I. Jackson Divorce ii. 34 So then, Sambo, you want to be in the fashionable world, I see?.. Timothy, show the black Gentleman down⁓stairs. 1818‘A. Burton’ Adventures J. Newcome iv. 222 His Steward was a scoundrel Sambo, And in his own conceit a d―d beau; A true Barbadian being born, He others held in utter scorn. 1866W. Reed Hist. Sugar 32 Sambo tells him the skip is ready; but it would never do for the sugar master to seem to be taught by Sambo. 1922Joyce Ulysses 322 Black Beast Burned in Omaha, Ga. A lot of Deadwood Dicks in slouch hats and they firing at a sambo strung up on a tree with his tongue out and a bonfire under him. Ibid. 436 Tom and Sam Bohee, coloured coons in white duck suits, scarlet socks, upstarched Sambo chokers and large scarlet asters in their buttonholes leap out. 1927G. B. Shaw Doctors' Delusions (1932) 137 When a vivisector says, in effect, ‘I have a dread secret to wrest from Nature: so you must license me to sacrifice a guinea pig’, the Sambo in us assents. 1957[see boot n.3 1 e]. 1959S. Elkins Slavery 227 What, then, of the ‘reality’ of Sambo? Did the Sambo role really become part of the slave's ‘true’ personality? 1962L. Deighton Ipcress File xix. 123 ‘I'd just better be right about you pale-face,’ he said. ‘You'd just better had, Sambo.’ 1969N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Mar. 3/1 The reasons for the development of the ‘Sambo’ response of the Negro slave to his environment which help to explain the paucity of slave revolts in America. 1969Guardian 1 Apr. 7/4 The brothers wore Afro costume... Their loose jigging and gestures, open-mouthed, Sambo style, reverberated with their long solid jammed numbers. 1973Times Lit. Suppl. 2 Mar. 230/2 The ‘Sambo’ stereotype of the loyal, lazy, affectionate and child-like slave. 1977Times 10 June 8/5 A white Zambian..had called him a black sambo during the struggle for independence.
▪ II. sambo, n.2|ˈsæmbəʊ|
[Russ., acronym f. samozashchita (more commonly samoborona) bez oruzhiya, lit. ‘self-defence without arms’.]
A type of judo wrestling which originated in the Soviet Union. Freq. attrib., in sambo wrestling.
1964Maclean's Mag. 21 Mar. 63/1 The Russians have, for generations, been practising something called sambo wrestling which is so close to judo that..a team of sambo wrestlers..held the best of the Tokyo University men to a draw. 1973Tehran Jrnl. 15 Sept. 8/7 The first-ever world championship for Sambo wrestling wound up here tonight with the Russians making an almost unchallenged sweep of the gold medal tally. 1975Bangladesh Times 21 July 6/3 The first international sambo competition was held in Teheran in 1973. 1983P. Bills Wrestling 14 These names are merely the equivalent of styles in other parts of the world such as ‘Sumo’ in Japan and ‘Sambo’ in Russia. 1985Times 20 July 11/3 A couple of years ago, interested in sambo, he found it had become extinct in Britain. |
