| 释义 |
▪ I. downthrow|ˈdaʊnθrəʊ|
1. A throwing or being thrown down. rare.
1615Catascopes in Farr S.P. Jas. I (1848) 352 Wars, the canker of estate, Hel's image and al commonweale's down⁓throw. 1891Times 21 Oct. 5/3 Unable to take his down⁓throw philosophically.
2. Geol. The depression of strata below the general level on one side of a fault. (Originally a miners' term.) Also attrib.
1858A. C. Ramsay Geol. Struct. Merioneth, etc. 5 Down the Bala valley..there runs a great fault. It is a down⁓throw to the north-west. 1882Geikie Geol. Sk. 282 A true fault with an upthrow and downthrow side. 1889J. Croll Stellar Evol. 54 About a mile E.S.E. of Beddgelert, there is a fault with a downthrow of 5000 feet.
▪ II. downthrow, v.
(stress variable)
[f. down adv. + throw v.]
†1. (Formerly at down adv. 36.) trans. To throw down; to usurp or overthrow. Obs.
1563Myrrour for Magistrates ii. f. C. xxviiiv, Downthrow we strayt his sellie nephewes twaye. 1581N. Burne Disput. f. 43v, Inducing subiectis to oppres and dounthrau thair maisters.
2. intr. Geol. To undergo a downthrow (downthrow n. 2). Also with the magnitude of the downthrow as quasi-object. Cf. *downthrown ppl. a.
1971Nature 19 Feb. 538/1 The major faults branching from the Gregory rift in these areas..almost always downthrow eastwards. 1975Ibid. 25 Sept. 300/2 During the Cretaceous,..the South African continent was subjected to strong vertical movements, resulting in peripheral faults downthrowing 18,000 m towards the contiguous ocean basins. |
