| 释义 |
organicism|ɔːˈgænɪsɪz(ə)m|
[See -ism.]
1. a. The doctrine that organic structure is merely the result of an inherent property in matter to adapt itself to circumstances.
1883Church Times XXI. 154/2 The objection that organicism excludes design, on the ground that the living creature has properties necessary to the fulfilment of its functions, and that all is explained by these properties, which produce the organs and set them to work.
b. The doctrine that everything in nature has an organic basis or explanation; that everything in nature is part of an organic whole (in sense of organic a. 6 a).
1912A. Tridon tr. Delage & Goldsmith's Theories Evol. 163 In that respect, organicism is the perfect antithesis of Weismannism. 1928Jrnl. Philos. Stud. Jan. 39 This is the reason why modern organicism, the organic theory of nature, seems so important for modern biology. 1945[see holism]. 1960Encounter XV. ii. 73 Mr. Tate and his friends..were accused of sentimental organicism, of naïvely hoping to revive the virtues of the antique world by restoring its economic forms. 1969Times Lit. Suppl. 20 Nov. 1341 Organicism..holds that some organic properties are not reducible to those of smaller parts. 1976Nature 3 June 439/1 Reductionism rests on the belief that the whole can be fully explained in terms of the parts whereas organicism (biological holism) asserts that the whole cannot be fully explained in this way.
2. Path. ‘The doctrine or theory which refers all disease to a material lesion of an organ’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1853Dunglison Med. Lex., Organicism,..The doctrine of the localization of disease. 1893Virchow in Standard 17 Mar., In the second period..they endeavoured to find in a certain region the actual organ which might be considered as the seat of disease. On this foundation arose the Parisian school of organicism, which, until late in this century, held a dominant position in pathology.
Hence orˈganicist, one who maintains a theory of organicism; also attrib. or as adj.; organiˈcistic a.
1879Lewes Study Psychol. 36 The two antagonistic schools of spiritualists and organicists, the one referring insanity to disease of the soul, the other to disease of the body. 1912A. Tridon tr. Delage & Goldsmith's Theories Evol. 164 Roux and the other organicists lay special stress on the factors of individual evolution. 1928Jrnl. Philos. Stud. Jan. 29 That which was common to the organicists, said Delage, was that they regarded..life, the form of the body..as resulting from the reciprocal play or struggle of all its elements. Ibid. 39 The organicistic schema formerly covered the living world, and now covers also the world of the non-living. 1941J. Needham in P. A. Schilpp Philos. A. N. Whitehead 251 About the historical origins of the organicistic viewpoint in biology a great deal could be said. 1941W. M. Urban in Ibid. 304 Bergson from whom..the organicist philosophy has got its main insights. 1954D. Riesman Individualism Reconsidered vi. 401 All such ‘organicistic’ analogies are..dangerous. 1969P. A. Robinson Freudian Left 164 He [sc. Marcuse] argued that the Fascist conception of the state was in fact heir to the organicist tradition in political theory. 1971Nature 24 Dec. 490/1 These factors are added to a resurgence of organicist philosophy and a revulsion against Jensenism. 1974D. L. Hull Philos. Biol. Sci. 125 Exchanges between the so-called mechanists and organicists, materialists and vitalists, reductionists and holists, to mention but a few of the terms used to characterize the two sides of this perennial dispute. 1976Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Oct. 1301/1 Extending the organicist thinking of his ‘master’, the Scottish planner and regionalist Patrick Geddes.
Add:3. The use or advocacy of organic literary or artistic forms, i.e. those in which the parts are interrelated or co-ordinated in the whole. Cf. organic a. 6 a.
1945S. C. Pepper Basis of Crit. in Arts iv. 74 Organicism, traditionally known as objective idealism, is the world hypothesis that stresses the internal relatedness or coherence of things. 1956M. Krieger New Apologists for Poetry 21 An equally forceful argument against an extreme organicism would point out, via the continuities we find in the history of literary tradition, that poems have common as well as unique properties. 1972W. K. Wimsatt in G. S. Rousseau Organic Form 71 If we had never heard of organic form..we might well be dedicating this very volume to a struggle to invent and proclaim some doctrine of Romantic organicism. 1986Music & Lett. Oct. 448 A desire for ‘symphonic organicism’ on traditional lines. |
