| 释义 |
opsonin Bacteriology.|ˈɒpsənɪn|
Formerly also -ine.
[f. L. obs-, opsōn-āre to buy provisions, cater (f. Gr. ὀψωνεῖν) + -in1.]
A substance (usu. an antibody) in blood serum which combines with bacteria or other foreign cells and renders them more susceptible to phagocytosis.
1903Wright & Douglas in Proc. R. Soc. LXXII. 366 We may speak of this as an ‘opsonic’ effect (opsono—I cater for; I prepare victuals for), and we may employ the term ‘opsonins’ to designate the elements in the body fluids which produce this effect. 1904[see saturation experiment s.v. saturation 5]. 1906Practitioner Dec. 750 We know..that the presence of opsonins is necessary for phagocytosis. 1911G. B. Shaw Doctor's Dilemma 10 Opsonin is what you butter the disease germs with to make your white corpuscles eat them. 1937R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Med. Bacteriol. ix. 116 There seems to be little doubt that opsonins are quite distinct from complement. 1950[see prec.]. 1970W. H. Parker Health & Dis. in Farm Animals ix. 116 Polymorphs..will consume many times more bacteria of a particular species if the right opsonin is present, i.e. if the animal concerned is immunised against that species.
Hence ˈopsonist (nonce-wd.), an advocate of the therapeutic use of opsonins; opsoniˈzation, the process of opsonizing; ˈopsonize v. trans., to render (a bacterium or other particle) more susceptible to phagocytosis.
1906G. B. Shaw Let. 18 Nov. (1972) II. 661 A vaccine opsinises [sic] your disease germs—to opsinize = à rendre friande—so that the white blood corpuscles pitch into them with an appetite. 1907Practitioner Apr. 581 The hungry phagocyte is supposed to have its diet daintily opsonized for it. 1907Science 13 Sept. 346/1 An alkalinity..prevented opsonization. 1911G. B. Shaw Doctor's Dilemma Pref. p. xci, Add to the newly triumphant homeopathist and the opsonist that other remarkable innovator, the Swedish masseur. 1936Med. Rec. (N.Y.) CXLIII. 16/1 It seems wise..to divide the reactions occurring with antigen and antibody into three groups: A. Protective. These include neutralization.., lysis.., killing..and opsonization. 1970Harris & Sinkovics Immunol. Malignant Dis. i. 6 Antibody may have opsonized the antigen before it reaches the lymph node. 1973Sci. Amer. Nov. 64/3 Antibody and complement render bacteria susceptible to phagocytosis, a process called opsonization. |
