| 释义 |
metalloid, a. and n.|ˈmɛtəlɔɪd|
[f. metal n. + -oid. Cf. F. métalloïde.]
A. adj. Having the form or appearance of a metal. Also, of or pertaining to metalloids.
1836Buckland Geol. & Min. (1837) I. 41 The metalloid bases of the earths and alkalies. 1855in Ogilvie Suppl.
B. n. Chem.
†a. The metallic base of a fixed alkali or alkaline earth. Obs.
1832in Webster. 1837Phillips Geol. 27 The remaining substances are metallic or metalloidal. Seven of them are earthy metals or metalloids.
b. Formerly, a non-metallic element. Now usu., an element intermediate in its properties between a typical metal and a typical non-metal.
1832Amer. Jrnl. Sci. XXII. 250 note, [Berzelius remarks] Hence the division into metallic and non-metallic bodies; the latter class I call by the name of metalloids. 1836W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) v. 318 And then, adverting particularly to the unmetallic substances, he [sc. Berzelius] subdivides them into three classes, namely,—1. Permanently elastic or gaseous bodies (Gazolyta)... 2ndly. Metalloids: sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, boron, and silicon. 3rdly. Salifying substances (Halogenia). 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 185 In the compounds with the metalloids the physical properties of the metals as a rule disappear. 1876Encycl. Brit. V. 476/1 The non-metallic elements are also sometimes termed metalloids, but this appellation..strictly belongs to certain elements which do not possess the properties of the true metals although they more closely resemble them than the non-metals in many respects. 1894G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. i. ii. 8 The element arsenic possesses many of the physical properties of a metal, but in its chemical relations it is more allied to the non-metals; such elements as these are often distinguished by the name metalloids. 1959Nomencl. Inorg. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) 10 The word metalloid should not be used to denote non-metals. 1959B. Chalmers Physical Metall. ii. 72 In these structures, the anion is a ‘metalloid’, such as sulfur, selenium, tellurium, tin, or antimony, and the cation is a transitional metal, such as chromium, nickel, iron, etc. 1964E. G. Rochow Organometallic Chem. (1965) ii. 10 There also are some elements which look like metals but are brittle and have the electrical properties of semiconductors; these are commonly called the metalloids. |
