| 释义 |
fortify, v.|ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ|
[ad. F. fortifier, ad. L. fortificāre, f. fortis strong + -ficāre: see -fy.]
I. To make strong.
1. a. trans. To strengthen structurally. Now somewhat rare.
c1450Merlin 187 He made to a-mende and fortyfie the wallis of the town ther, as thei were most feble. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 262 The grave experienc'd Bee..Employ'd at home..To fortify the Combs, to build the Wall. 1726Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. II. 113/2 They shou'd also be fortifyed all round with strong brick work. 1886Willis & Clark Cambridge III. 545 Fortifying the wood-work of the Dome and Lantern.
b. spec. To strengthen (a gun) by additional thickness of metal. Cf. fortification 5 c. Also, to strengthen (a ship) for especial emergency, by means of additional timbers, etc.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xiv. 71 Those small Peeces are better fortified than the greater. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. 62 You must work as if the Piece were fortified no more than only so much as the thinnest part of the Metal is. 1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 508 The new ship..is fortified within the bow. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xv. (1856) 112 She was..fortified with three additional strips of boiler iron.
c. To cover or bind with some protective material or appliance. (Now coloured by senses 7–8.)
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 372 Men armed with shields, and fortified all over with thongs of leather. 1669Boyle Contn. New Exp. ii. (1682) 21 A little [air] brake into the Reciever..because I had neglected to fortifie the cover with Turpentine. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece iii. xv. (1715) 130 The whole Fabrick..was fortified with Pitch to secure the Wood from the Waters. 1706Hearne Collect. 7 Feb., Being us'd to fortifie himself against weather by..a thick Robe. 1798W. Blair Soldier's Friend 31 Ingenious modes of fortifying shoes, and rendering them water-proof. 1803Wellington 20 Jan. in Gurw. Desp. I. 397 Kegs of six gallons each, well fortified with iron hoops. 1850Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) I. v. 193 Camillus..fortified the shield with a rim of metal.
2. To impart strength or vigour to (the body, its organs, or powers, † a plant); to give (a person, oneself) strength or endurance for some effort.
14..Lydg. & Burgh Secrees 1959 Wyn..ffortefieth the heete in the body natural. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lxxi. 241 It doth fortefie and strengthen the harte. 1686W. Harris tr. Lemery's Course Chem. ii. xxii. (ed. 3) 624 The Turks will take of it [opium] to the bigness of a hazle Nut to fortifie themselves when they are going to fight. 1691Ray Creation Ded. (1704) 3 To fortifie you in your Athletic Conflicts. 1719London & Wise Compl. Gard. 212 We endeavour to fortifie it, and make it grow big all Summer, by watering and cropping it. 1849R. T. Claridge Cold Water-cure 42 Cold water, as a beverage, fortifies the stomach and intestines. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. xiii, Mr. Inspector hastily fortifying himself with another glass.
†3.
a. To render more powerful or effective; to strengthen, reinforce with additional resources or co-operation; to garrison (a fortress); to provide (an army, etc.) with necessaries. Obs.
1470–85Malory Arthur i. xviii, They had..moo than eyght thousand for to fortyfye alle the fortresses in the marches of Cornewaylle. 1480Robt. Devyll in Thoms Prose Rom. 6 He ever prayed to God to send hym a chyld..to multyply and fortyfy his lynage. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. lxxii. 94 The countesse..fortifyed all her garisons of euery thyng yt they wanted. 1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI (an. 31) 165 He fortified Burdeaux with Englishmen and victayle. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 190 It fortifieth the other medicines, and doubleth their forces. 1670Cotton Espernon i. ii. 69 The Inhabitants of the Suburbs of St. Germains were order'd to slip in to fortifie the attempt. 1701Swift Contests Nobles & Com. Wks. 1755 II. i. 11 They admitted three thousand into a share of the government; and thus fortified, became the cruellest tyranny upon record. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 28, I fortified myself with the French captain, and the supercargo.
b. To arm, strengthen with weapons. Cf. 7. rare.
1711Addison Spect. No. 121 ⁋3 That great Variety of Arms with which Nature has differently fortified the Bodies of several kind of Animals, such as Claws, Hoofs, and Horns.
4. a. To strengthen (liquors) with alcohol.
1880Act 43 & 44 Vict. c. 24 §70 Any spirits warehoused..may be used in the warehouse for fortifying wines. 1894C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 142 In 1869 the present practice of fortifying the [lime] juice with rum was resorted to.
b. To add nutrients, usually vitamins, to (food).
1940Nature 27 July 118/2 There will now be two outstanding examples of fortified foodstuffs, bread and margarine. 1941Ann. Reg. 1940 345 Recognition..of the need to fortify various products such as bread, margarine etc., with vitamins. 1942Endeavour I. i. 30/2, 1 gram of calciferol is sufficient to fortify 40 tons of margarine. 1967New Scientist 9 Nov. 328/3 By 1969..all emergency shipments of grain will be fortified to the optimal extent either with amino acids or with protein concentrates.
5. a. To strengthen mentally or morally; to endow with immaterial resources; to impart fortitude to; to cheer, encourage.
1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 19 It apparteigneth to euery man..to seke science and ther with to fortiffie hym hauyng a good eye vpon his enemyes. 1573Baret Alv. F 948 To haue a hart fortified with wisedome. a1586Sidney Arcadia ii. (1629) 111 Which..so greatly fortified her desires, to see that her mother had the like desires. 1699Locke Educ. §70. 100 A young Man, before he leaves the shelter of his Father's House, should be fortified with Resolution to secure his Vertue. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 155 ⁋8 Every delay gives vice another opportunity of fortifying itself by habit. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxiii. 69 The king..fortified by this unsuccessful attempt to dethrone him. a1794Gibbon Life viii. (1839) 238 Timidity was fortified by pride. 1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. (1875) 269 Their courage was fortified by a fervent prayer.
b. To confirm, corroborate, add support to (a statement, etc.). to fortify oneself: to confirm one's statement, etc. † Also (rarely) intr. for refl.
c1449Pecock Repr. 285 To fortofie and strength the same badde answere. 1529More Dyaloge i. Wks. 164/1 That glose he would haue fortified..with another worde of Christ. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1063 My lorde the President fortifyeng sayd that we be nat bounde by the lawe to say. 1678Trans. Crt. Spain 5 To fortifie his Reasons, he sent us a Manifesto. 1833H. Martineau Loom & Lugger ii. v. 96 A distinct charge is brought against you, fortified by particulars. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Plato Wks. (Bohn) I. 295 If he made transcendental distinctions, he fortified himself by drawing all his illustrations from sources disdained by orators.
†6. intr. To gain strength, grow strong. Obs.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xxii. §6 How they [the affections] gather and fortify. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 165 Leaving the least to bear seed, and that the plant may fortifie. 1660Sharrock Vegetables 126 Bind up..the strongest and forwardest first, letting the other fortifie.
II. To strengthen against attack.
7. trans. To provide (a town or its walls) with defensive works; to protect with fortifications.
1436Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 166 To fortefye anone he dyd devyse Of englysshe townes iij. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. (1880) 165 The walles of that cyte ben fortefyed with towres. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. lvii. 120 All their houses well fortified with sundry trenches round about. 1611Bible Isa. xxii. 10 The houses haue yee broken downe to fortifie the wall. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. I. ii. 152 These were immediately commanded to fortify Leith. 1816Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 86 It is environed with walls, but not regularly fortified. 1893Academy 13 May 411/2 The opposite bank..was admirably fortified.
transf.1601Holland Pliny I. 111 This isle is fortified with the mount Prion. 1705Addison Italy 8 A Rock that runs out into the Sea, and is well fortify'd by Nature. 1726Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. II. 121/1 A Pier..to fortifie a Port.
fig.1548Hall Chron., Rich. III (an. 3) 42 b, Realmes and countries are fortified and munited with a double power. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 50 Shut and fortifie one gate against corruption. 1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 31 His house is fortified by the law. 1850Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) I. ix. 355 He..fortified his position against the malevolence of a future consul.
8. To surround (an army, oneself) with defences; to put in a position of defence.
1548Hall Chron., Hen. V (an. 3) 48 b, The fotemen were hedged about with the stakes..This device of fortifiyng an army was at this tyme fyrst invented. 1590Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. iii. ii, I'll have you learn..the way to fortify your men. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 47 Here they proceeded to fortify themselves.
9. intr. To erect fortifications; to establish a position of defence.
1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent. (1826) 185 Sailing up the River of Thamise, he fortifieth at Middleton. c1600Sir R. Cecil Let. in Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 61 They will first fortifie and learn the strength of the Rebels. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772. 293 No people will give them⁓selves the trouble of fortifying amidst the security of friends. a1885U. S. Grant Personal Mem. I. 331 The enemy was fortifying at Corinth.
transf. and fig.1591Lyly Endym. i. iii, I will withdraw myselfe to the river, and there fortifie for fish. c1600Shakes. Sonn. lxiii, For such a time do I now fortifie Against confounding Ages cruell knife.
Hence ˈfortifying ppl. a.
1863B. Jerrold Sign. Distress 22 Soup, made of sound and fortifying materials. 1872Bagehot Physics & Pol. (1876) 217 The fortifying religions..those which lay the plainest stress on the manly parts of morality. |
