| 释义 |
echinus Zool.|iːˈkaɪnəs|
Also 4 echynnys, 6 echynus.
[a. L. echīnus, Gr. ἐχῖνος hedgehog, sea-urchin.]
The Sea-urchin; a genus of animals (Order Echinoidea, Class Echinodermata), inhabiting a spheroidal shell built up from polygonal plates, and covered with rows of sharp spines. (The sense ‘hedgehog’ given in Bailey and some mod. Dicts. seems to be merely Gr. and Lat.)
c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. ix. (1868) 82 Sharpe fisshes þat hyȝten echynnys. c1520Andrewe Noble Lyfe in Babees Bk. (1868) 234 Echynus is a lytell fysshe of half a fote longe, & hath sharpe prykcles vnder his bely in stede of fete. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth (1723) 33 In Chalk..there are only found Echini, and the other lighter Sorts of Shells. 1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. 120 Yon round Echinus ray his arrowy mail. 1877W. H. Dall Tribes N.W. 51 The echinus..is furnished with ovaries on the inner side of the dome of the test.
†2. See quot. Obs. or doubtful; cf. echinate.
1721–1800Bailey, Echinus, [among Botanists] is the prickly Head, Cover of the Seed or Top of any Plant, so called from its likeness to a Hedg-hog.
3. Anat. ‘The rough stomach of a ruminant; also, the rough and muscular gizzard of graminivorous and gallinaceous birds’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1716G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. II. 360 In all granivorous birds, the Crop, the Echinus, and the Gizzard.
4. Archit. The ovolo moulding next below the abacus of the capital of a column. [So in Gr. and L.; the reason for this use of the word has been variously conjectured.]
1563Shute Archit. D ij a, The Antiques in diuers of their edifices, hath made Echinus, to be in Proiecture like vnto Abacus. 1664Evelyn tr. Freart's Archit. 127 Echinus, a Bottle cut with an edg. 1789P. Smyth tr. Aldrich's Archit. (1818) 90 This part is called an echinus, because of its resemblance to the prickly coat of chestnut. 1876Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Echinus, the same as the ovolo or quarter round, though..only properly so called when carved with eggs and anchors. |
