| 释义 |
‖ cadre|kadr|
[F. cadre frame (e.g. of a picture), also used in sense ‘l'ensemble des officiers et sous-officiers d'une compagnie’ (Littré), ad. It. quadro:—L. quadrum four-sided thing, square.]
1. A frame, framework; scheme.
1830Scott Introd. Lay Last Minstr., This species of cadre, or frame, afterwards afforded the poem its name. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. sec. 5 §2. 174 It would seem..that no branch of human knowledge should be excluded..The corrective to the seeming infinity of this cadre is supplied by the old classification of faculties.
2. Mil.
a. The permanent establishment forming the framework or skeleton of a regiment, which is filled up by enlistment when required. Also of an R.A.F. squadron. Also attrib.
1851Gallenga Mariotti's Italy 243 The number of officers..becomes inadequate to the sudden filling up of their cadres, upon a transition from the peace to the war-footing. 1869E. Cardwell in Daily News 11 June, A larger number of battalions, with full cadres, ready to be expanded..in a moment of emergency. 1884Sat. Rev. 279 The principle of large permanent cadres in lieu of large standing armies. 1908Daily Chron. 26 Nov. 6/4 The German Army..is a ‘cadre’ army, which can only be set on a war footing by drawing on the reserves. 1929Air Ann. Brit. Empire 54 The Service..is made up of three parts—the Regular Air Force, the Cadre Squadrons and the Auxiliary Air Force. 1931Flight 1 May 374/2 The explanation is that the lower set of numbers indicates a Cadre squadron in which there is a proportion of Special Reserve personnel.
b. The complement of officers of a regiment; the list or scheme of such officers.
(After the Indian Mutiny, the cadres of Native Regiments which had been disbanded were kept in the Indian Army List for regulating promotions. In the parliamentary discussions about the amalgamation of the Indian with the British Army, the word was in constant use in this sense.)
1864Daily Tel. 22 Aug., All staff corps lieutenant-colonels are to be removed from their cadre on promotion. 1870Pall Mall G. 12 Oct. 7 The regimental cadres, that is, the officers of each regiment.
3. a. In Communist countries, a group of workers, etc., acting to promote the interests of the Communist Party; also, a member of such a group; = cell n.1 12 b.
1930Economist 1 Nov. (Russian Suppl.) 10/2 The number, quality and devotion of these cadres, as the industrial army is called in Russia, will..decide the fate of the Industrial Revolution. 1931Times Lit. Suppl. 9 July 536/4 The six ‘cadres’..chosen as typical—Communist, Young Communist, shock worker, cultural worker, collectivized peasant and Red Army man—represent the sum total of the Soviet Government's supporters. 1937E. Snow Red Star over China ii. 61 Military training was secretly given to 2,000 cadres. 1950D. Hyde I Believed ix. 92 In communist jargon to be a cadre meant to be someone trained and ready to do anything, anywhere, for communism. 1963Ann. Reg. 1962 215 The specialized technical cadres needed for a further economic development [in Poland]. 1967G. Steiner Lang. Silence 341 Around the hard core of French Stalinism, a harsh and disciplined cadre..there has always flourished a large and animated world of intellectual Marxism.
b. In the People's Republic of China, an office-holder in a Party, governmental, or military organization; also more widely, one who holds a position, esp. in a local organization, school, etc. Also attrib., esp. as cadre school.
1966D. Wilson Quarter of Mankind i. 8 The cadres determined the class status of each villager. 1970Jenner & Yang tr. Mod. Chinese Stories 181 What gave the local cadres some misgivings was that this cadre wanted to stay with an ordinary family, and said that he wanted to see the backward as well as the advanced aspects of the village. 1974Ann. Rev. 1973 316 The role of cadre schools as places of re-education, where officials could participate in physical labour and political study, remained important. 1977Hongkong Standard 12 Apr. 16/5 Wen, described as a plump, grey-haired cadre, is still being cross-examined, and has been branded a counter-revolutionary at mass criticism rallies. 1983R. Rendell Speaker of Mandarin i. 16 His father..was a party cadre, his mother a doctor, his sister and own wife doctors. |
