| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈrealize, v.1 Obs.—0
[ad. obs. It. realizzare: see real a.1 and -ize.]
(See quot.)
1611Florio, Realizzáre, to reallize or make Kingly.
▪ II. realize, v.2|ˈriːəlaɪz|
[f. real a.2 + -ize, perh. after F. réaliser (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. a. trans. To make real, to give reality to (something merely imagined, planned, etc.); to convert into real existence or fact; † to show the reality or truth of (a statement).
In common use from c 1750 with a variety of objects, as ideas or ideals, schemes, theories, hopes, fears, etc., and freq. in passive.
1611Cotgr., Realiser, to realize, to make of a reall condition, estate, or propertie; to make reall. 1661Glanvill Van. Dogm. 22 It will be as hard to apprehend, as that an empty wish should remove mountains; a supposition which, if realized, would releave Sisyphus. 1684T. Hockin God's Decrees 322 We shall but make up the story of Icarus, and realize the fable. 1742Young Nt. Th. iii. 517 Rich death, that realizes all my cares, Toils, virtues, hopes; without it a chimera! 1755Johnson Let. to Miss Boothby 20 Dec., Designs are nothing in human eyes till they are realised by execution. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Music v. 46 In Support of the Truth of these Deductions, let us now endeavor to realize them; by shewing that such Consequences did in Fact arise in ancient Greece. 1812Wellington in Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 6 Nor has the experience of any officer realized the stories which all have read. 1845McCulloch Taxation iii. ii. (1852) 441 These expectations were rarely realised. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 154 Ideals are none the worse because they cannot be realized in fact.
b. To make realistic or apparently real.
1769A. Ferguson Inst. of Moral Philos. vi. v. 257 Peevishness..tends to realize imaginary evils. 1779Sheridan Critic ii. ii, Dangle. Well, that will have a fine effect. Puff. I think so, and helps to realize the scene. 1865Strauss' Life Jesus II. ii. lxxxii. 299 The introduction of features that tend to realize and strengthen his account.
absol.1859Longfellow Hyperion ii. viii, He [Goethe] does not so much idealize as realize. 1885Jane Harrison Stud. Grk. Art vii. 305 There the artist seemed well-nigh compelled to realism, and after all he has realized ideally.
c. To convert into by making real.
1872Lowell Dante Pr. Wks. 1890 IV. 207 His instinct as a poet..realized her into woman again.
d. Mus. To complete a piece of music left sparsely notated by a composer; to enrich the texture of a work, esp. by orchestrating music written for a single voice or instrument.
1911E. Newman tr. Schweitzer's J. S. Bach II. xxxv. 451 Our forces are different from those of Bach's day. Orchestra and choir are much larger..; if we realise the thorough-bass on the same scale it sounds too loud. 1947A. Einstein Mus. in Romantic Era ix. 98 To interpret the role of the piano in orchestral form, to ‘realize’ it—which means to coarsen it naturalistically. 1958A. Jacobs New Dict. Mus. 304 Realize, to work out in full and artistically such music as was originally left by its composer in a sparsely-notated condition... Though lacking the advantage of being self-explanatory, ‘realize’ is superior to ‘arrange’ in this context since it avoids the implication of alteration. 1980Early Music Jan. 111/2 Other reconstruction work has involved realizing short score into full score (as in parts of the Overture in D).
2. a. To make real as an object of thought; to present as real; to bring vividly or clearly before the mind.
1646H. Lawrence Comm. Angells 146 A lively faith realizeth things, and makes them present. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 60 ⁋1 An Act of the Imagination, that realises the Event however fictitious, or approximates it however remote. 1798Geraldina II. 235, In conjure up frightful forms which my imagination realizes. 1888Harper's Mag. Apr. 806/1 To a certain degree the story realizes him.
b. Const. to (the mind, a person).
1682J. Flavel Fear 37 It is the use..of faith to reallize to the soul the invisible things. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. i, It was..so realized to me, that..I could not be persuaded but that it was..true. 1870Emerson Soc. & Solit., Domestic Life, The child realizes to every man his own earliest remembrance.
c. Especially to (oneself or one's own mind).
1694in C. Mather Magn. Chr. (1853) II. 369 Let us now realize unto ourselves that great and notable day of the Lord. 1778A. Hamilton Wks. (1886) VII. 538 Realize to yourself the consequence of having a congress despised at home and abroad. 1842Arnold in Life (1844) II. 313 Strengthen my faith, that I may realize to my mind the things eternal. 1867Howells Ital. Journ. 170 They might thus realize to themselves something of the earnestness which animated the elder Christian artists.
3. a. To conceive, or think of, as real; to apprehend with the clearness or detail of reality; to understand or grasp clearly; to become aware of the presence of (a person).
In early use chiefly American, and frequently condemned as such by English writers about the middle of the 19th c.
1775J. Newton Cardiphonia Let. to Nobleman No. 18 (1857) 96 Even these are much concerned to realize the brevity and uncertainty of their present state. 1781P. Schuyler in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) III. 281 My heart realizes your feelings on the occasion, and cordially sympathizes with yours. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 47 She cannot realize the change we must undergo. 1850Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. ix. 115 He is compelled to realize at every moment the possibility of the extremes of life. 1891E. Peacock N. Brendon I. xiv, When her mother died she was too young to realize the situation. 1916H. S. Walpole Dark Forest ii. iv. 269 The moment I realized him I felt afraid.
absol.1896‘M. Field’ Attila ii. 47 You realise—Torture and then the executioner..but torture first.
b. With subord. clause as obj.
1775A. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 68 Can they realize what we suffer? 1817Baroness Bunsen in Hare Life I. v. 117, I never could have realised that I should have borne the parting..so well. 1891Swinburne Stud. Prose & Poetry (1894) 17 Scott..evidently failed to realize how far superior is Clara Mowbray to all his other heroines.
c. U.S. To have actual experience of.
1776A. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 138 To-night we shall realize a more terrible scene still. 1791Washington Lett. Writ. 1892 XII. 62 That you may find it [national happiness] in your nation, and realize it yourself.
4. a. To convert (securities, paper money, etc.) into cash, or (property of any kind) into money.
After F. réaliser, first used c 1719 in connexion with the speculations over Law's scheme, in the sense of converting securities into cash or permanently valuable property. Hence Johnson, perh. influenced by the phrase ‘real property’, gives as one sense of the word ‘To convert money into land’; this, however, is unsupported by quotations.
1727–41in Chambers Cycl. 1768Woman of Honor III. 225 Substantial securities..to be realised and converted into cash. 1799E. Du Bois Piece Family Biog. I. 25 One more voyage I must make, to realize the property I have in that quarter of the globe. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. (1876) 3 When he retires from business it is into money that he converts the whole, and not until then does he deem himself to have realized his gains. 1894H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Rom. 21 Realizing what he could of his impoverished estates, and emigrating to Australia.
b. absol. To realize one's property; to sell out.
1781Bentham Wks. (1843) X. 93 Caron de Beaumarchais has realized..to the tune of {pstlg}30,000 or {pstlg}40,000 a-year. 1849Thackeray Pendennis ii, He realised with great prudence while this mine was still at its full vogue. 1887R. Lodge Mod. Europe xxii. §12 (1897) 510 On application the holder of one of these assignats could realise in land.
5. a. To obtain or amass (a sum of money, a fortune, etc.) by sale, trade, or similar means; to acquire for oneself or by one's own exertions; to make (so much) out of something.
1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. vii. xc. 411 About four millions of dollars might be realised with great ease. 1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. lxxii. (1783) III. 46 You, sir, who have realized a fortune. 1802E. Parsons Myst. Visit. III. 166 Thus happily realizing a sum far beyond her expectations. 1845McCulloch Taxation i. ii. (1852) 71 The nett profits realised by those engaged in all departments of industry.
transf.1847Mrs. Carlyle Let. 6 Mar. in New. Lett. (1903) I. 224, I have been extremely lucky..in realizing so..respectable a servant out of the great sink of London.
b. Of property or capital: To bring (a specified amount of money or interest) when sold or invested; to fetch (so much) as a price or return.
1845McCulloch Taxation (1852) 398 Have checked the transfer of capital from England to America, notwithstanding the high rate of profit it realises in the States. 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. iii. ii. 313 There would evidently be a much greater demand for them than if the same pictures realised a hundred guineas each. 1885Law Times Rep. LII. 647/1 His duty was to see that the property realised its full value.
c. intr. With advb.: To turn out (well or ill) when sold.
1884Leeds Mercury 27 Nov. 4/4 The liabilities are estimated at {pstlg}130,000, and the assets will, it is assumed, realise well.
Hence ˈrealized ppl. a., spec. in phr. realized eschatology Theol. (see quot. 1946); also ˈrealizedness.
1845McCulloch Taxation i. iv. (1852) 113 A tax on what is called realised property, that is, on lands, houses, the public funds, mortgages, and such-like securities. 1876F. H. Bradley Ethical Stud. 119 Taking pleasure to be the feeling of the realizedness of the will or self. 1883Contemp. Rev. XLIII. 268 The realized morals of a people find an expression in their usages and laws. 1936C. H. Dodd Apostolic Preaching & its Devel. iii. 156 This promise of a second coming is realized in the presence of the Paraclete..in the life of the Church... The evangelist, therefore, is deliberately subordinating the ‘futurist’ element in the eschatology of the early Church to the ‘realized eschatology’ which..was from the first the distinctive and controlling factor in the kerygma. 1946E. L. Mascall Christ, Christian, & Church vi. 101 In recent years much stress has been laid upon the notion of ‘realized eschatology’,..the view that..the last Day and the Final Judgment are actually present to Christians now. 1977G. W. H. Lampe God as Spirit i. 27 It has been argued convincingly that T. W. Manson, C. H. Dodd, and other exponents of ‘realized eschatology’ offered a one-sided interpretation of the evidence.
Add:[1.] e. refl. (Cf. self-realization n.)
1876F. H. Bradley Ethical Stud. ii. 61 If what we meant by self-realization was, that I should have in my head the idea of any future external event, then I should realize myself practically when I see the engine is going to run off the line, and it does so. 1937C. Caudwell Illusion & Reality v. 97 If only they could realise themselves..this would of itself ensure the freedom of all. 1957L. P. Hartley Hireling xv. 118 She seems to have realized herself, become a person in her own right. 1983S. Naipaul Hot Country ix. 125 He had left her free to follow her own inclinations, to be whatever she wanted to be; or, as he had put it, to ‘realise’ herself.
f. trans. Linguistics. To manifest (a linguistic unit, structure, or set of features) phonetically, phonologically, graphically, or syntactically.
1945–9Acta Linguistica V. 88 The phonemes of a given language are realized in concrete sounds and sound-attributes. 1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics iii. 131 By virtue of their occurrence in words of one prosodic class rather than another, they are realized phonetically in different ways. 1980Brown & Miller Syntax: Ling. Introd. Sentence Struct. xii. 182 In the form walk-ed, walk realizes the lexeme walk and -ed realizes the grammatical morpheme {ob}past{cb}. |
