| 释义 |
-osis
suffix, representing Gr. -ωσις, originating in the addition of the general suffix -σις, forming verbal nouns of action or condition, to derivative vbs. in -ό-ω from adj. and n. stems or combining forms in ο-: e.g. ἀµαύρωσις darkening, obscuration of sight, amaurosis, f. ἀµαυρό-ω to darken, f. ἀµαυρός dark; µεταµόρϕωσις transformation, f. µεταµορϕό-ω, f. µετά + µορϕή form. Many such words also were formed directly from the ns. or adjs. themselves, or their compounds, without the intervention of a vb. in -όω, e.g. ἀνθράκωσις malignant ulcer, anthracosis, f. ἄνθραξ, ἄνθρακο- coal, carbuncle, ἐξόστωσις outgrowth of bone, exostosis, f. ἐξ out + ὀστέο-ν bone.
Many of these Greek terms have been adopted in Latin ancient or modern, whence they have passed into English use, e.g. anastomosis, apotheosis, metamorphosis, rhetorical terms, as anadiplosis, miosis, and esp. medical terms, as amaurosis, anchylosis, cyphosis, exostosis, sclerosis, thrombosis, etc. On the analogy of these last, others have been freely formed in mod.L., Eng., and other modern langs., from Greek elements, as chlorosis, cyanosis, ichthyosis, trichinosis; less frequently from Latin, as pediculosis, tuberculosis. The stress is etymologically -ˈōsis; but popular use has shifted it in metaˈmorphosis; so anaˈmorphosis. The Ger. form of the ending is also -osis, the French is -ose. |
