| 释义 |
▪ I. impress, n.1|ˈɪmprɛs|
Also 6–7 impresse, (6 empresse).
[f. impress v.1 Formerly also stressed imˈpress: see quot. 1627 and Johnson.]
1. The act of impressing or stamping; the ‘stamp’ (of anything); concr. a mark or indentation made by pressure, esp. one produced by a seal or stamp.
1592Nobody & Someb. in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 354 Abasing of thy Soveraignes Coyne, And traitrous impresse of our Kingly seale. 1627May Lucan vi. (1631) 14 Stamp'd his coines impresse In gold. 1706Watts Horæ Lyr., ‘Father, how wide thy glory shines’, The Labour of thy Hands, Or Impress of thy Feet. 1834Medwin Angler in Wales I. 62 Bluish marks..as if made by the impress of the fingers. 1876Humphreys Coin-Coll. Man. iv. 37 The reverse is incused with the impress of an amphora.
†b. A cast, mould. Obs. rare.
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 204 Having taken the Impresses of the Insides of these Shells.
c. = imprint; impression.
1877W. Boyd Descr. Model Newsp. vi, 'Tis a sheet octavoed,—handy; Fit in paper; impress clear. 1886Symonds Renaiss. It., Cath. React. (1898) VII. ix. 50 Seven of his most important works..bore the impress of Paris and Venice.
2. fig.
a. Characteristic or distinctive mark; special character or quality stamped upon anything.
1590Greene Mourn. Garm. (1616) 58, I counted expence the empresse of a Gentleman. 1599Kyd Solyman & Perseda i. in Hazl. Dodsley V. 261 The fiery Spaniard, bearing in his face The impress of a noble warrior. 1636Featly Clavis Myst. xvii. 218 Holinesse to God is the impresse of the regenerate. 1691Ray Creation ii. (1692) 148 They therefore who through the contrary Vices do deface and blot out this natural Character and Impress. 1832Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 134 Of all the Swiss towns I have yet seen, Lucerne bears most strongly the impress of the middle ages. 1875Lyell Princ. Geol. I. i. xii. 235 The physical sciences..always bear the impress of the places where they began to be cultivated.
b. An impression upon the mind or senses. Now rare.
1591Shakes. Two Gent. iii. ii. 6 This weake impresse of Loue, is as a figure Trenched in ice. 1651Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year i. Ep. Ded., Hearing is so effective an instrument of conveying impresses and images. 1691Ray Creation i. (1692) 119 Only passive to the Instincts and Impresses thereof upon them. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xvi. 191 Some painful impress of solitary danger..kept them closing up continually.
†c. An expression of. Obs.
1641Hinde J. Bruen xxiii. 71 He..writ it with his owne hand, to set it forth as an impresse of his chief desire.
3. Comb., as impress copy, a copy of writing, taken by pressure; a press-copy.
1885Pall Mall G. 5 May 6/1 We use..the..Remington Type-writer, by which several legible copies can be printed by the aid of carbon paper, and also water impress copies.
▪ II. impress, n.2 Now rare.|ˈɪmprɪs|
[f. impress v.2 Formerly stressed imˈpress: so in Bailey, Johnson, Ash.]
Impressment; enforced service in the army or navy.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. i. 75 Such impresse of Ship-wrights, whose sore Taske Do's not diuide the Sunday from the weeke. 1606― Ant. & Cl. iii. vii. 37 Your Marriners are Militers [muleteers], Reapers, people Ingrost by swift Impresse. 1758Johnson Idler No. 5 ⁋9 Our regiments would soon be filled without the reproach or cruelty of an impress. 1803Naval Chron. IX. 420 We are all much alarmed..with a military impress. 1832Marryat N. Forster xiii, He could not prevail upon himself to accept a berth which was not protected from the impress.
b. attrib., as impress-officer, impress-service; impress-gang = press-gang (Craig 1847).
1780Gentl. Mag. L. 442 An impress officer..thought it a fine opportunity to pick up some useful hands to serve his Majesty. Ibid. 443 The trial..[of] a captain and lieutenant of the impress-service, or an action for illegally impressing and imprisoning the plaintiff. 1830H. Crow Mem. 92, I have always considered the impress service as a thousand times worse than any negro trade whatever.
▪ III. impress, n.3 Obs. exc. Hist.|ˈɪmprɛs|
[var. of imprese, through association with impress n.1; cf. impressa as erroneous var. of impresa. In 16–17th c. also imˈpress.]
1. An emblem, device: = impresa 1.
1623Shaks.'s Rich. II, iii. i. 25 From mine owne Windowes torne my Household Coat, Raz'd out my Impresse [Qos. imprese]. 1694Phil. Trans. XVIII. 38 These assumed the Name of Investigantes, with an Hound for their Impress, and..Vestigia lustrat, for their Motto. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 398 Their shields broken, their impresses defaced. 1868Cussans Her. ix. 133 The Impress belonged exclusively to the Knight's person.
†2. A motto, sentence: = impresa 2. Obs.
1611Coryat Crudities 303 This impresse is written ouer the dore in great letters. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. v. 253/2 Sentences are..of the Learned termed a Period, Text, Aphorism, Axiome, Impress, Motto.
▪ IV. † impress, n.4 Obs.
[Variant of imprest n.1]
1. Money advanced, pay in advance: = imprest n.1
1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 28 He gave them impresse, and they remained for his service. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. iii. xii. (1810) 597 Hee had received eight hundred duckets impresse.
b. attrib., as impress-money, earnest-money.
1617Moryson Itin. ii. 273 [They] had taken impresse money from the King of Spaine. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 38 Endeavouring to force them from Gravesend, before they had received their river pay, and impress money.
2. A charge made upon the pay of a naval officer who has not satisfactorily accounted for public money advanced to him (cf. impress v.3 2).
1803Nelson 12 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) V. 132 That the simple receipt from the Captain of the Ship..may be a sufficient Voucher for the disbursement of such money, and a full discharge from any impress against me.
▪ V. † imˈpress, a. Obs. rare.
[ad. L. impress-us, pa. pple. of imprimĕre to impress.]
Impressed. impress species (Schol.L. impressa species): cf. impressed ppl. a.1 quot. 1704.
1704Norris Ideal World ii. vii. 335 These species are gross and material by way of distinction from those express species which are spiritualized. These impress species of bodies must then be little bodies.
▪ VI. impress, v.1|ɪmˈprɛs|
Also 4–6 in-, 4–7 impresse, 5–6 impreise.
[f. L. impress-, ppl. stem of imprimĕre, f. im- (im-1) + premĕre to press (whence also obs. F. impresser). Partly answering in sense to OF. empresser to press, press or crowd upon, crush, print: cf. empress v.]
I. trans. To impress a thing on, upon, in, into something else.
1. To apply with pressure; to press (a thing upon another) so as to leave a mark; to produce by pressure (a mark on, † in some substance); to imprint, stamp.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. v. met. iv. 130 (Camb. MS.) The notes and the figures Inpressed in manere of matere. 14..Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 99 In oure forhede when we Jesus impresse. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. xii. 33 Albe the wound were nothing deepe imprest. 1607Shakes. Cor. v. vi. 108 This Curre..Who weares my stripes imprest vpon him. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 150 Fairest fruit..On which the Sun more glad impress'd his beams. 1700Dryden Meleager & Atalanta 219 The conquering chief his foot imprest On the strong neck of that destructive beast. 1784Cowper Task i. 280 Not all its pride secures The grand retreat from injuries impress'd By rural carvers, who with knives deface The pannels. 1816Shelley Alastor 515 He did impress On the green moss his tremulous step. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. i. (1858) 54 The foot-mark on the rock..pointed out..as impressed by his dromedary or mule. 1898Times 25 Aug. 2/6 A signature impressed with a rubber stamp.
fig.1649J. Ellistone tr. Behmen's Epist. i. §39 Faith..receiveth Christ into it selfe; it doth impress him into its hunger, with his heavenly flesh and blood.
2. a. fig. With immaterial object: esp. (in modern use) To ‘stamp’ (a character or quality) upon anything. Also refl.
1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. xxiv. 70 The ymage that first is impressid in to the sowle is most likely to abiden. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 66 He is yet very greene..pliable to whatsoever may be impressed in him. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 182 Nature first gave Signs, imprest On Bird, Beast, Aire. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest i, The image of virtue, which Nature had impressed upon his heart. 1867H. Macmillan Bible Teach. xiii. (1870) 254 A beautiful character impresses itself upon the very features of the body. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. v. 121 The superstition..that a use and direction, once impressed upon property by a founder, must be obeyed for ever.
b. transf. To produce or communicate (motion), exert (force), etc. by pressure. Const. on, upon.
1717J. Keill Anim. Œcon. (1738) 75 That Motion, which..was impressed on the Coats of the Arteries by the Systole of the Heart. 1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 209 The force impressed upon a ship by the wind. 1875Lyell Princ. Geol. I. ii. xx. 492 Movements..impressed on a wide expanse of ocean. 1879Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. i. §262 A horse towing a boat on a canal is dragged backwards by a force equal to that which he impresses on the towing-rope forwards.
c. Electr. To apply or establish (an e.m.f. or a potential difference) by some external means.
1881[implied in impressed ppl. a.1 2]. 1918Wireless World VI. 145 A certain steady voltage is impressed on the grids. 1930[see impedance 1 a]. 1948A. L. Albert Radio Fund. v. 128 If a voltage is impressed across the input terminals..the voltage will force a current into the line.
3. fig. To imprint (an idea, etc.) on († in, to) the mind; to cause to take firm mental hold; to enforce, urge (a rule of conduct, etc.) on another.
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 1322 (1371) Yn good herte it mot som rouþe impresse, To here and se þe giltless in distresse. c1400Mandeville (1839) xxix. 295 Thou scholdest thenke and impresse it in thi mynde, that nothing is inmortalle. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xi. 39 Sadlye in thy hart inpres Quod tu in cinerem reuerteris. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xi. 5 So fowle and ugly, that exceeding feare Their visages imprest, when they approached neare. Ibid. iii. iv. 49 So deepe the deadly feare of that foule swaine Was earst impressed in her gentle spright. 1649J. Ellistone tr. Behmen's Epist. i. §39 That a man impresseth (or imagineth in his minde) to himselfe, that Christ is deade for his sinnes. a1711Ken Divine Love Wks. (1838) 238 Impress on my heart so tender a sense of thy sufferings. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. xi. (1869) I. 225 A few such examples impressed a salutary consternation. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. x, I am sure you will impress upon your children the necessity of attaching themselves to it early in life. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola ii. xxi, This man had a power..of impressing his beliefs on others.
†4. To print, make a typographical ‘impression’ of. Obs. (Complemental adjunct usually absent.)
1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. Prol., I haue put the sayd sermons in wrytynge for to be impressed. 1533St. Papers, Hen. VIII, I. 413 That the same Acte may be impressed, transumed, and set up on every churche dore in Englonde. 1658J. Elliot in Gosp. in New Eng. (1659) 4 Let him..work under the Colledg Printer, in impressing the Bible in the Indian language. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Pope Wks. IV. 22 Lintot impressed the same pages upon a small Folio.
II. trans. To impress a thing with, by some instrument, or as an instrument does.
5. a. To exert pressure upon; to press; to mark (a thing) by means of pressure, esp. with a stamp, seal, etc. Const. with.
With quot. 1667 cf. impression n. 5.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. ii. i. 236 His hart like an Agot with your print impressed. 1605― Macb. v. viii. 10 As easie may'st thou the intrenchant Ayre With thy keene Sword impresse. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 558 As a shooting Starr In autumn thwarts the night, when vapors fir'd Impress the Air. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Shepherd, In impressing the Back near the Hips, if the Sheep does not bend, he judges 'em to be Sound and Strong. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest viii, The Marquis seizing her hand, impressed it with kisses. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) I. vi. 200 The ring..was impressed with the seal of the Prophet.
b. To stamp, imprint, invest with a character, quality, etc.
1814Cary Dante, Paradise xvii. 75 That mortal, who was at his birth imprest So strongly from this star. 1838Lytton Alice i. ii, The words were impressed with a wild and melancholy depth of feeling. 1868Gladstone Juv. Mundi ii. (1869) 33 The people of Attica..had long been impressed with a markedly Pelasgian character. 1884Law Times Rep. L. 374/1 Real property..impressed..with an implied trust for sale.
†c. To subject to peine forte et dure: see press v. Obs.
1651W. G. tr. Cowel's Inst. 273 In cases of Felony, he shall be impressed, viz. he shall be committed to the Prison..where..being stripped naked, he shall be laid upon the bare ground..and his Arms and Legs pulled out by four ropes..hee shall be stretched out upon his back: Then..hee shall have so great a weight of Iron or Stone laid upon his Breast as hee is able to beare.
6. a. To produce a deep effect or impression on the mind or feelings of; to affect or influence strongly. Usually said of the instrument.
1736Butler Anal., Nat. Virtue Wks. 1874 I. 328 Brute creatures are impressed and actuated by various instincts and propensions. 1772Mackenzie Man World i. i. (1823) 420 He had come to that period of life when men are most apt to be impressed with appearances. 1846Dickens Let. to Wills 4 Mar., The letter..does not impress me favourably. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. I, I could not but be solemnly impressed by the appearance of a circular temple. 1886Gurney, etc. Phantasms of Living I. 568 A man is telepathically impressed to conjure up his father's image.
absol.1823Byron Juan xii. lxix, Novelties please less than they impress.
b. To affect (a person) strongly with an idea.
1786Burke W. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 131 To impress all the neighbouring princes..with an ill opinion of the faith, honour, and decency of the British nation. 1804Nelson 1 Feb. in Nicolas Disp. (1845) V. 400 Impressed with the importance of this service..I felt justified..in ordering the Frigates to proceed immediately. 1838Thirlwall Greece xliv. V. 349 Some pains had been taken to impress the Athenian ambassadors with the same belief. 1878J. W. Ebsworth Introd. Braithwait's Strappado 26 Men..impressed with an indignant scorn against uncleanness. Mod. He tried to impress me with his importance.
† III. intr.
7. To press in; to press or throng about. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 334 Heigh fantasye and curious bisynesse Fro day to day gan in the soule impresse Of Ianuarie aboute his mariage. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. v, The people ne wolde cesse Aboute them to gather and impreise. c1480Crt. of Love cxx, More and more impressen gan the dent Of Loves dart, while I beheld her face.
Hence imˈpressing vbl. n.1 and ppl. a. impressing cylinder in a printing-machine: see quot.
1530Palsgr. 234/1 Impressyng or printyng of a boke, impression. 1748E. Erskine Serm. Wks. 1871 III. 351 The eye is an impressing organ; what we see with our eyes leaves an impression upon our minds. 1822Specif. Patent No. 4640 Applegath 2 Applying the ink to the form of types, plates, or blocks, partly on one side of the impressing or printing cylinder, and partly on the other side.
[III.] Restrict † to sense 7 in Dict. and add: 8. To make a favourable or striking impression; to appear impressive. Also absol. (Common from c 1960.)
1823Byron Don Juan xii. lxix. 39 The truth is, if men would confess, That novelties please less than they impress. 1963Rugby World Aug. 8/3 Wightman and Rogers impressed in the loose for England. 1977Gramophone Mar. 1462/1 Jan DeGaetani in particular impresses with her beautifully rich mezzo-soprano voice. 1989G. Keillor We are still Married 139 The toughest letter to crank out is one that is meant to impress.
▪ VII. impress, v.2|ɪmˈprɛs|
[f. im-1 + press v.2, in same sense.
The latter, before the end of the 16th c., was evidently felt as the same word as press v.1 to subject to pressure or force, which easily led to a use of impress, as if to ‘press in’, ‘press into service’.]
trans. To levy or furnish (a force) for military or naval service, to enlist; spec. to compel (men) to serve in the army or navy (in recent use, only the latter); to force authoritatively into service.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. i. 21 Vnder whose blessed Crosse We are impressed and ingag'd to fight. 1605― Macb. iv. i. 95 Who can impresse the Forrest, bid the Tree Vnfixe his earth-bound Root? 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iv. (1682) 123 The Inhabitants being able to impress 280 Horse for present service. 1679–88Secr. Serv. Money Chas. & Jas. (Camden) 31 To Capt John Tyrwhite, for money by him disbursed for impressing 118 seamen for his said Majesties service. 1706Phillips, To Impress Soldiers or Seamen, to compel them to enter into the Publick Service. 1803Naval Chron. IX. 335 Yesterday sailed the Diamond..to impress men. 1835Marryat Jac. Faithf. xliv, The seamen are impressed by force, the soldiers are entrapped by other means even more discreditable.
b. To take or seize by authority for royal or public service.
1749J. Pote Windsor Castle 33 Commissioned to provide Stone, Timber, Lead, Iron and all other necessaries for the work and to impress carriages for their conveyance to Windsor. 1755Washington Lett. Writ. 1889 I. 194, I impressed his wagons, and compelled him by force to assist in this work. 1863H. Cox Instit. iii. viii. 715 Commissions..authorizing different officers to impress both men and ships for the Royal service. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. II. xv. 288 The chief captain was empowered to impress men, vessels, victuals, and arms, paying however reasonable prices.
c. In various fig. and transf. senses: To enlist, force, or take into some service, press (a thing) into service in argument, etc.
1657W. Morice Coena quasi κοινὴ Diat. vi. 314 How few uncase and impresse their pens against the enemies of our common faith. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) II. 194 He assumes a Privilege to impress what Text of Scripture he pleases for his own Use. 1779Mackenzie Mirror No. 12 ⁋13 The toyman's little family of plaything figures..whom he had impressed into the service. 1825T. Jefferson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 108, I then meant..to withdraw from political life, into which I had been impressed by the circumstances of the times. 1832H. Martineau Ireland iii. 43 Dan proceeded..to impress into his temporary service a horse which grazed in the neighbourhood. 1860Dickens Uncomm. Trav. ix, They had impressed a small school..to assist in the performances. 1869Farrar Fam. Speech ii. 42 Hypotheses into the service of which Philology was impressed.
Hence imˈpressing vbl. n.2
1641in Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 458 A Bill for Impressing of Souldiers. 1705Royal Proclam. in Lond. Gaz. No. 4186/3 Officers Imployed in Impressing.
attrib.1863Morn. Star 17 Dec. 5/6 The impressing agent has gone around.
▪ VIII. † imˈpress, v.3 Obs. rare.
[Erroneously for imprest v.1: cf. impress n.4]
1. trans. To advance (money): = imprest v.1 1.
1665Evelyn Diary 19 Mar., {pstlg}5000 impressed for the service of the sick and wounded prisoners. 1819Rees Cycl. s.v. Auditor, All monies impressed to any man for the king's service.
2. To charge with a deduction (the pay of an officer) in respect to public moneys or stores not accounted for by him: see impress n.4 2.
1803Nelson 12 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) V, I..beg that their Lordships will exonerate them from the charge, and direct the Victualling Board not to impress their Accounts. |
