| 释义 |
back-up, backup, n.
[back v. 8.]
1. A backward movement of a vehicle. Cf. back v. 22 b.
1900G. D. Hiscox Horseless Vehicles xii. 262 The single lever..controls the forward speeds and the backup, doing away with the confusion arising from a multiplication of levers.
2. [back n.1] attrib. With the back facing upwards.
1906Westm. Gaz. 3 Nov. 14/1 Back-up cards imprison those beneath them.
3. See back v. 22 a.
4. = backing vbl. n. 8.
1949Times Rev. Industry Aug. 28 Welding of steel reinforcement in direct contact with the concrete..has..been successfully used as a backup for boiler and fire box installations. 1957Archit. Rev. May 320 The metal sheath walls with solid back-up.
5. Orig. U.S. A stand-by, reserve. Also attrib. spec. in Computing, (the making of) a duplicate copy of a disc, file, etc., for use in case of loss or corruption of the original.
1952Wall St. Jrnl. 5 June 18 Value of the stocks, including ‘back-up’ supplies being held in warehouses for order filling, will total about {pstlg}1 million. 1953N.Y. Times 21 June 4 E Behind these advanced bases, and providing the necessary supply facilities, command posts and ‘back-up’ are the Marianas. 1956W. A. Heflin U.S.A.F. Dict. 67/2 Backup communications equipment, alternate communications equipment. 1958Space Talk (U.S.) 5 Backup, a substitute rocket or missile, or alternate procedure, to save time in the event of a delay or failure in launching. 1962J. Dill in Into Orbit p. xviii, Nearby was Glenn's backup pilot. 1964CIS Gloss. Automated Typesetting (Composition Information Services) 3 A back-up computer may be located in the same plant or hundreds of miles away. 1965AFIPS Conf. Proc. XXVII. 193/1 The backup procedures must be prepared for contingencies ranging from a dropped bit on a magnetic tape to a fire. 1965ISA Jrnl. Dec. 44/2 The analog control panel was retained and modified slightly to serve the dual purpose of a computer backup and an analog reference for digital-analog comparisons. 1967Lebende Sprachen XII. 73/2 Backup involves having one computer on-line and the other standing by. 1967Times 28 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) 27 The infantry brigade group stationed in West Germany and its back-up brigade in New Brunswick. 1973BIT XIII. 233 (heading) Optimal backup of data bases. 198380 Microcomputing Jan. 122/1 Make backup copies of your disks. 1983Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Sept. 70/3 The backup process is supported across cartridges should a cartridge run out of space during backup. 1984S. Curran Word Processing for Beginners viii. 84 Many systems..automatically save the previous version of an edited file, if any, as a back-up file. 1985Times 9 Apr. 19/1 The most basic of data security precautions for any individual or company employing microcomputers is the making of back-ups, duplicate copies of the diskettes that hold valuable programs and data.
Add:[3.] b. An accumulation or tail-back of motor traffic, as behind an obstruction. Cf. *back v. 22 e. N. Amer. colloq.
1962Proc. Inst. Traffic Engineers 117 Consideration will be increasingly given to ‘graduated’ traffic flow systems which avoid abrupt changes in the character of road facilities, thereby minimizing queuing, and backups. 1978Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. 3a/2 Not knowing what's causing a traffic backup is frustrating to motorists. 1985City Cyclist (Toronto) Summer 9/2 The expressway system..has now succeeded in making suburbs themselves the very worst scenes of traffic jams and backups. |
