| 释义 |
▪ I. holm, holme1|həʊm|
Also Sc. howm.
[In sense 1, OE. holm sea, ocean, wave (only in poetic lang.); in sense 2, a. ON. holmr islet in a bay, creek, lake, or river, meadow on the shore; corresp. to OS., LG. holm hill.
These are generally held to be the same word; the sense ‘hill’ (not recorded in OE., though used by Layamon) being taken as the original (related to the stem of hill n., and so to L. collis, culmen); thence it is supposed arose the sense ‘islet’, and fig. that of ‘billow’, ‘wave’, ‘sea’; but this last is obscure. (Med.L. holmus, hulmus are from Eng.)]
†I.
1. The sea, the wave. (Only in OE.)
a1000Beowulf (Z). 240 Hider ofer holmas. Ibid. 1593 Þa ðe mid hroð-gare on holm wliton. [1892S. A. Brooke E.E. Lit. iii. 59 The one who is killed swims in the holm.]
II.
2. A small island, an islet; esp. in a river, estuary, or lake, or near the mainland.
(Frequent in place-names, as Steep Holme in the Severn, Priestholm near Anglesea, Rampsholm and Lingholm in Derwentwater, Willow Holm near Carlisle; but, as a living word, applied only to the small grassy islets in Orkney and Shetland, and (as a foreign word) to those of Norway, Iceland, etc.)
c1050O.E. Chron. (MS. C.) an. 902 Þy ilcan ᵹere wæs þæt ᵹefeoht æt þam Holme Cantwara & þara Deniscra. a1100Ibid. (Laud. MS.) an. 1025 Her for Cnut cyng to Denmearcon mid scipon to þam holme æt ea þære halᵹan. c1440Promp. Parv. 244/1 Holm, of a sonde yn the see (K. holme of sownde in þe see; Harl. holm or sond of the see), bitalassum, vel hulmus. 1556W. Towrson in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 112 The 13. daye we came betwext the flat Holmes and the steepe Holmes. 1693J. Wallace Orkney 92 Holm, a little Isle for the most part desart, and only employed for pasturage. 1706Maule Hist. Picts in Misc. Scot. (1818) I. 103 Some times they stand in little holms in the midst of lochs. 1839Stonehouse Axholme 261 The monks of the Priory of Thornholmes..built a convenient house on a holme or small island between Owston and Gulnethorpe. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 315 In Orkney..Some of the islets, or holms, appear like gigantic pillars, rising perpendicularly from the sea: these are the resort of vast numbers of sea-fowl. 1886Burton Arab. Nts. I. 126 An islet, a mere holm, girt on all sides by the sea.
‖b. (In Sw. and Da.) A dockyard, shipyard.
1654Whitelocke Jrnl. Swed. Emb. (1772) II. 249 Whitelocke came to the holme where the ship was to be launched.
3. A piece of flat low-lying ground by a river or stream, submerged or surrounded in time of flood.
In living use in the south of Scotland (howm) and north of England, and extending far south in place-names; ‘a flat pasture in Romney Marsh (Kent) is yet called the Holmes’ (Way).
12..Newminster Cartul. (Surtees) 229 Item in le Sutherholme, duas acras, in le Northerholme, tres rodas..ab australi fine del holme usque ad aquilonalem finem ejusdem holmi. c1440Promp. Parv. 243/2 Holm, place..be-syde a water, hulmus. 1531Nottingham Rec. III. 369 For the holm bytwen the Grey Frere walle and Leen. 1799–1805Wordsw. Prelude i. 275 O Derwent! winding among grassy holms. 1803― Yarrow Unvis. v, ‘Oh! green,’ said I, ‘are Yarrow's holms’. 1806Gazetteer Scotl. (ed. 2) s.v. Dreghorn, The holms on the banks of the rivers Annock and Irvine are a fine deep loam. 1864Tennyson North. Farmer (O.S.) xiii, Wi 'auf the cows to cauve an' Thornaby holms to plow! 1865Livingstone Zambesi xiii. 264 On these holmes herds of buffaloes and waterbucks daily graze.
† III. 4. A hill. Obs. rare.
c1205Lay. 20712 Into þan haȝe wude, in to þan hæȝe holme. Ibid. 20861 He [þe vox] ulih to þan holme, & his hol isecheð.
IV.
5. attrib. and Comb. (in sense 2 or 3).
1744W. Stukeley in Mem. (Surtees) III. 173 The Roman money found here in great abundance; they call them Holm-pennys. 1865H. H. Dixon Field & Fern V. 308 Half bred lambs are on the holme land near the river.
▪ II. holm2|həʊm|
Also 4– holme.
[A phonetic corruption of holn from OE. holen, hollin, holly.]
1. The common holly. Obs. exc. dial.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 2063 Ook, firre, birch, Aspe, Alder, holm, popeler. c1440Promp. Parv. 244/1 Holme, or holy, ulmus, hussus. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 108 b, Holme, or Holly, is..continually greene. 1598Stow Surv. xi. (1603) 98 Nayled full of Holme and Iuie. 1598Florio, Agrifoglio [also Aguifoglio], the Holly, the Holme, or Huluer tree. 1601Holland Pliny I. 470 All the kindes of Holme be set with sharpe prickes. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. ii. v. 325 Feeding on holm, elder-trees, and brambles. 1859All Y. Round No. 36. 225 Still called holme in Devonshire..in Norfolk it is called hulver. 1893Westm. Gaz. 21 June 3/1 (New Forest) He ‘rattles like a boar in a holme’..is still a familiar saying.
2. The holm-oak.
1552Cooper Elyot's Dict. s.v. Ilex, A tree called of some Holme. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 4 Sometime I list to rest me under an old Holme. 1591Spenser Virg. Gnat 215 The blacke Holme that loves the watrie vale; And the sweete Cypresse, signe of deadly bale. 1601Holland Pliny I. 495 There is an Holme growing in the Vatican, elder than Rome it selfe. a1701Sedley Virg. Past. Wks. 1722 I. 262 Often from a hollow Holm the Crow Did on the left the coming Mischief show. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 25/2 The Holm, and all other Sorts of Oaks. 1814Cary Dante (Chandos) 206 A sturdy holm, Rent from its fibres by a blast.
3. Comb., as holm-berry (dial.), holm-dish (made of holly-wood), holm-wood; holm-cock, -screech, -thrush, local names of the missel-thrush, from its feeding on holly-berries. See also holm-oak, -tree.
1601Holland Pliny I. 267 Stakes and posts..of Holme wood. 1758Borlase Cornwall 244 The..missel-bird..which we call in Cornwall the holm-thrush. 1771Gentl. Mag. XLI. 489 Holm dishes held our rustic cheer. 1885Swainson Prov. Names Birds 1 Missel Thrush..Holm thrush, Holm cock, Holm screech (Cornwall, Devon, Dorset). 1891T. Hardy Tess I. 102 Let me put one little kiss on those holmberry lips. |
