| 释义 |
▪ I. corporal, a. (n.1)|ˈkɔːpərəl|
Forms: 4–5 corporell(e, 5 (corperall), 5–7 corporall, 5 -al.
[a. OF. corporal (12th c.), later corporel, ad. L. corporāl-em bodily, f. corpus, corpor- body. See -al1.]
1. Of or belonging to the human body; bodily.
c1400Rom. Rose 6759 Swynke he with his hondis corporelle. 1474Caxton Chesse 7 The corporal or bodelye sight. 1490― Eneydos xxix. 113 Fayre yeftes of nature, as is beaulte corporelle. c1510Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) D iv, His members corporall. 1547Act 1 Edw. VI, c. 3 If they should be punished by death..and with other corporall paine. 1641in Nalson Impart. Collect. (1683) II. 482 It is this day ordered by the Commons..that all corporal bowing at the Name..be henceforth forborne. 1671Milton P.R. iv. 299 In corporal pleasure he, and careless ease. 1762Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) IV. 131 A favourite topic of ancient raillery was corporal defects. 1868Gladstone Juv. Mundi v. (1869) 118 The achievements of Heracles are personal, indeed corporal.
b. Personal.
1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xx. 104 When the Victor hath trusted him with his corporall liberty. 1754Richardson Grandison (1781) I. xxvi. 189 Taking his corporal leave of her. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 173 Since by a devise a freehold may pass without corporal tradition or livery of seisin. 1876Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. i. i. 22 The chancellor has given [to Master John Homyll in 1418] corporal and real possession of the foresaid benefice.
†c. Having a body, embodied. Obs.
1471Ripley Comp. Alch. viii. in Ashm. (1652) 172 The Spryt may Corporall be, And become fyx wyth hyt and substancyall. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 142 There they suppose Enoch and Elias are corporall to this day. 1647W. Browne tr. Polexander ii. 257 There are corporall Angels on earth.
†2. Of the nature of body or matter; corporeal, material, physical. Obs.
1519Interl. Four Elem. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 12 Though the form and fashion of any thing That is a corporal body be destroyed. 1529More Dyaloge i. Wks. 115/2 The worshipping of god with golde and siluer, & suche other corporall thinges. 1592West 1st Pt. Symbol. §50 D, Corporal things are such as of their own nature may be felt or seen. 1605Shakes. Macb. i. iii. 81 What seem'd corporall Melted, as breath into the Wind. 1653H. More Antid. Ath. i. viii. (1712) 23 Either God, or this corporal and sensible World must of itself necessarily exist. 1702Echard Eccl. Hist. (1710) 644 Two principles; the one Good..the other Evil, from whence proceeded the evil soul of man; together with the body, and all corporal creatures. 1726tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 475 The two Planets observed in Corporal Conjunction (that is where the one seems to touch or cover the other).
†b. Relating to material things; material. Obs.
1535Coverdale Zech. Contents ch. x, Thorow corporal promises, the prophet ledeth men vnto the promises that are fulfilled in Christ.
†3. Large of body. Obs.
c1475Partenay 4456 Sin þat gret thikke is, wonder corporall. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 202 As for flesh-meat, I thinke that a Hawke in England eats more in a moneth, than..a sufficient corporall Burger does in six weekes.
†4. Having solidity; solid. Obs.
a. In early Chem.
1667Boyle Orig. Formes & Qual., One little Masse or Bead of corporal or yellow (though perhaps somewhat palish) Gold. Ibid. 131 In some grosse, or, as they speak, corporal Salts, such as Sea-salt, Salt-petre.
b. corporal number: a number pertaining to cubic or solid measure.
1594Blundevil Exerc. i. xxvi. (ed. 7) 59 A Cubique or Corporall number, having both length, breadth, and depth.
5. Phrases.
a. corporal oath [med.L. corporale juramentum; cf. corporaliter jurare, also bodily oath]: an oath ratified by corporally touching a sacred object, esp. the gospels, but sometimes the consecrated host, or relics of saints, and in heathen times the altar, etc., of an idol, as distinguished from a merely verbal oath, to which the body was, as it were, not a party. arch.
As the consecrated host or corpus Dei was sometimes the thing corporaliter tactum, the attributive ‘corporal’ has been held by some to refer to the host; but this is not historically tenable. See the treatment of the subject by Maskell, Monum. Rit. (1882) II. pp. li–liii; also the mediæval examples in Du Cange, s.v. Jurare, the Italian quots. in the Vocab. Della Crusca (1878) s.vv. Corporale, Corporalmente, etc.
[c1300Thorn Chron. (in Decem Script. II. 1966) Forma fidelitatis faciendæ. Ego N. de C. juro ad hæc sancta Dei evangelia, præstito corporaliter sacramento, quod, etc. c1300Robert, Bp. of Glasgow in Rymer II. 867 (Du Cange) Et cest serment avons nous fet sur le cors notre Seigneur.] 1534in W. H. Turner Select Rec. Oxford 128 By vertue of corporall othe gyven to the Universitie. 1548Hall Chron. 29 b, Eche of theim takyng a corporall othe upon the holy Evangelistes. 1585Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 323 The eldest..servant of his house..(for he had rule over all which Abraham did possess), was not permitted to deal in this matter without taking a corporal oath beforehand [cf. Gen. xxiv. 2]. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. iii. (1821) 241 Untill he had taken his corporal oath (upon a booke) that he would, etc. 1675tr. Machiavelli's Prince (Rtldg. 1883) 252 He would..take his corporal oath his..life was tedious. 1755N. Magens Insurances I. 269 He..confirmed the Truth of the..written Deposition with his Corporal Oath, before us.
b. corporal punishment: punishment inflicted on the body; originally including death, mutilation, branding, bodily confinement, irons, the pillory, etc. (as opposed to a fine or punishment in estate or rank). In 19th c. usually confined to flogging or similar infliction of bodily pain.
1581Lambarde Eiren. i. xii. (1602) 57 Corporall punishment, is eyther capitall, or not capitall. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 431 Imprisonment is a corporall punishment. 1714Act 1 Geo. I, St. 2. c. 18 §14 To be kept to hard Labour, and suffer such corporal Punishment as the said Justice or Justices..shall think fit. 1724Act 11 Geo. I, c. 26 §10 Any Crime, importing a Capital or any other Corporal Punishment. 1827Hansard Parl. Deb. XVI. 679. 26 Feb., Mr. Hume proposed..that it should be unlawful to inflict corporal punishment, by stripes or lashes, upon any soldier. 1836O'Connell Ho. Comm. 14 Apr., They talked of ‘corporal punishment’; they did not choose to use its right name—‘flogging’. 1838Act 1–2 Vict. c. 17 §7 (Mutiny Act) That a General Court-martial.. may sentence any Soldier to Corporal Punishment, not extending to Life or Limb, for Immorality, etc. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 26 The last reform..is the abolition, a few weeks ago, of corporal punishment in the army.
c. corporal works of mercy: works of mercy to the bodies of men, of which seven are reckoned.
15..Manuall of Prayers, The Workes of mercy Corporall. To feed the hungry. To giue drinke to the thirsty. To cloathe the naked. To visitt and ransome the Captiues. To harbour the harbourlesse. To visitt the sicke. To burie the dead. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xxi. 711 He was ready to do the last corporal work of mercy to his departed sovereign.
†B. as n. pl. (ellipt.). Obs.
1659Fuller Appeal Inj. Innoc. iii. 66 Naturals, corporals, morals, civils, intellectuals. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 821 When the soul goes out of this body, whether it be carried into any corporal places, or to incorporals like to corporals.
▪ II. corporal, n.1 Eccl.|ˈkɔːpərəl|
Forms: 3 corporeal, 4–5 corporalle, (5 -erale), 6–7 -all, 6– -al.
[ad. med.L. corporālis (palla), corporāle (pallium), in F. corporal, f. L. corpus body.]
†1. An ancient eucharistic vestment. Obs.
a1000Canons Edgar in Thorpe Laws II. 250 We lærað þat ælc preost hæbbe corporalem þonne he mæssiᵹe. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 162 (transl. of prec.) That every Priest celebrating Mass, hath his Corporal.
2. A cloth, usually of linen, upon which the consecrated elements are placed during the celebration of the mass, and with which the elements, or the remnants of them, are covered after the celebration. Called also corporal-cloth.
1381in Eng. Gilds (1870) 233 A ‘palyoun’ of cloth of gold; two ‘corporalles’. c1440Promp. Parv. 93 Corporasse or corporalle, corporale. 1488in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. I. 85 In ane vthir gardeviant:—In the fyrst, a lamp of siluer, a corporale with a cais. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cc. 237 This squier had with hym the patent and corporal. 1637Bk. Com. Prayer, Church Scot., Communion Rubric, He that celebrates shall..cover with a fair linen cloth, or corporal, that which remaineth of the consecrated elements. 1641I. H. Petit. agst. Pocklington 3 He hath caused two cloathes to be made, which he cals Corporals, and these he useth to lay over the Bread in the Sacrament. 1725tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th c. I. v. 64 They made use of Veils also..which were made of Lawn, as the Corporal was, afterwards of Silk. 1849Rock Ch. of Fathers I. i. 38 Anciently, the Corporal-cloths were so large as to over⁓spread the whole altar. 1888Times 22 June 13/3 Concerned in stealing a silk veil, two linen corporals, a silver cross..from St. Peter's Church.
b. corporal-case: a case for the corporal.
[1488cf. sense 2.] 1559Inv. in Reg. Episc. Aberd. (Spalding Club) I. App. 90 Item a corporal case with a cover of cloath of gold.
▪ III. corporal, n.2 Mil.|ˈkɔːpərəl|
[a. 16th c. F. corporal, var. of capporal, caporal (Littré), ad. It. caporale (Sp. caporal).
Diez and others take caporale as the original form, as a derivative of capo head; but this leaves the -or- unaccounted for. On the other hand, the corporal form is of considerable antiquity: Du Cange quotes from a letter of 1405, ‘capitaneus, et ut ipsi [Venetians] vocant, corporalis’. This favours a derivation from It. corpo, L. corpor- body (i.e. of troops), with subsequent contamination by capo.]
1. A non-commissioned military officer ranking under a sergeant.
‘He has charge of one of the squads of the company, places and relieves sentries, and keeps good order in the guard’ (Stocqueler). Corporal's guard: a small armed detachment such as is placed under the command of a corporal. Hence fig. a small body of followers or supporters.
1579Digges Stratiot. 84 The Corporal is a degree in dignitie above the private souldior. 1598Barret Theor. Warres 248 The word Caporall, which is a meere Italian, and also vsed by the French, we corruptly do both write and pronounce Corporall. 1642Declar. Lords & Com. For Raising Forces 22 Dec. 7 That each Company of Dragooners have an experienced Souldier to be a Corporall. c1645Tullie Siege Carlisle (1840) 35 Philipson..sent a corporal with 20 horse. 1709Steele Tatler No. 164 ⁋6 An old Soldier in the Civil Wars, who was Corporal of a Company in a Regiment of Foot. 1810Wellington in Gurw. Desp. VI. 326, I, who command the largest British army that has been employed..have not the power of making even a corporal. 1833Marryat P. Simple vii, The key of the store-room, was under the charge of one of the corporals of marines. 1868Regul. & Ord. Army ⁋312 When Non-commissioned Officers are required to assist the Officers, Corporals may be appointed to act as Serjeants. 1888Times 26 June 4/4 Mr. G. M., Corporal of Horse, Royal Horse Guards..writes to correct the statement.
†2. corporal of the field: a superior officer of the army in the 16th and 17th c., who acted as an assistant or a kind of aide-de-camp to the sergeant-major: see quot. 1622. Obs.
1622F. Markham Bk. War iv. ix. 153–5 The next great Officers..are the Foure Corporals of the Field, who haue their dependance only vpon the Serieant-Maior and are called his Coadiutors or assistants..who for their election ought to bee Gentlemen of great Dexteritie..such as haue at least been Captaines in other times..It is meet that all these foure Corporals of the Field bee exceeding well mounted. 1591Garrard Art Warre 156 Office and duetie of the foure Corporals of the field. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. xxi. (1821) 415 Sent a Corporall of the field, to cause the like to be done in the Earle of Thomonds quarter.
3. Naut.
†a. Formerly, a petty officer on board ship, part of whose duty consisted in teaching the sailors the use of small arms: see quot. 1626.
b. ‘The ship's corporal of the present day is the superior of the first-class working petty officers, and solely attends to police matters under the master-at-arms or superintendent-in-chief’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.).
1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 4 The Corporall is to see the setting and releeuing the watch: and see all the souldiers and saylors keepe their Armes cleane, neate and yare; and teach them their vse. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xi. 46 The Gunners at Sea did not exercise the Seamen in this knowledge, as the Corporal doth in Mustering of them with their musquets. 1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4440/1 The Midshipmen..Corporals, Yeomen of the Sheets..one Eighth Part. 1891Times 20 Sept., A ship's corporal on duty in the Britannia.
4. A cyprinoid fresh-water fish, Semotilus corporalis. U.S.
1888Goode Amer. Fishes 427 The name Corporal seems to have been derived from the Dutch or German settlers of the Middle States. 1964H. T. Walden Familiar Fresh-water Fishes Amer. 184 The fallfish is known to many anglers as chub, silver chub, chivin, windfish, and corporal. |
