| 释义 |
▪ I. maroon, n.1 and a.1|məˈruːn|
Forms: 6–9 marron, 7–9 marone, 8–9 marrone, 9 marroon, 7, 9 maroon.
[a. F. marron, ad. It. marrone.]
A. n.
†1. A large kind of sweet chestnut native to Southern Europe; also, the tree bearing this nut. Also marron chestnut. Obs.
1594R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 28 Dates, chestnuts, and marrons. 1601Holland Pliny I. 525 Such plots of ground as do affoord coppises of Chest-nut trees, are stored with plants comming of marrons or nut-kernels. 1699Evelyn Acetaria App. P viij, Roasted Maroons, Pistachios, Pine-Kernels [etc.]. [1877Scudder Recoll. S. Breck iii. 66 The fine large marron chestnuts were brought to us..for a cent a hundred.]
2. a. [= F. marron, from the quasi-adj. use as in couleur marron.] A particular kind of brownish-crimson or claret colour.
1791Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. i. ii. i. 144 Darker colours such as browns and marones. Ibid. II. ii. iii. vii. 216 This gives it a cinnamon colour, or light marrone. 1835Court Mag. VI. p. ii/1 Some velvet [mantles] of maroon and other rich winter colours. 1844Hay Law Harm. Colouring (ed. 5) 17 A series of other colours, such as brown, marone, slate. 1882Garden 14 Oct. 347/1 A rather small flower..of a deep rich maroon.
b. A coal-tar dye obtained from the resinous matters formed in the manufacture of magenta.
a1873F. C. Calvert Dyeing, etc. (1876) 432 Aniline Maroons and Browns.
3. a. A firework composed of a small cubical box of pasteboard, wrapped round with twine and filled with gunpowder; it is intended to imitate in exploding the report of a cannon. (Used as an air-raid warning, etc., in the war of 1914–18.)
1749Machine for the Fireworks 15 Marrons, 5000. 1818Handbill July in Pall Mall G. (1885) 5 Nov. 4/2 A battery of maroons, or imitation cannon. 1840–1Hood Kilmansegg, Birth xviii, To have seen the maroons, And the whirling moons. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1401/2 Marron. 1884St. James's Gaz. 13 June 10/2 The display last night included signal maroons..rockets, and shells. 1918Flying 6 Feb. 90/1 Clearly, the authorities ought to have posted notices..explaining that the maroons are warnings to take cover. 1918Daily Mirror 12 Nov. 2/1 London went wild with delight when the great news came through yesterday... Bells burst into joyful chimes, maroons were exploded, bands paraded the streets, and London gave itself up wholeheartedly to rejoicing. 1934E. Wharton Backward Glance xiii. 358 Four years of war had inured Parisians to every kind of noise connected with air-raids, from the boom of warning maroons to the smashing roar of the bombs.
b. Artillery. (See quot. 1876.)
1859F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 282 Marroons are boxes containing from 1 to 6 ounces of powder. 1859McClintock Voy. ‘Fox’ in Arctic Sea i. 9 Powder for ice-blasting, rockets, maroons, and signal-mortar were furnished by the Board of Ordnance. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. (ed. 3), Marroons, decorations for rockets. They are cubes filled with grained powder, and enveloped with two or three layers of strong twine or marline.
c. ‘A bright white light used for signals in the East Indies’ (Ogilvie Suppl. 1855).
B. adj. Of the colour described in A. 2.
1843James Forest Days ii, He was dressed in close-fitting garments of a dark marone tint. 1871Kingsley At Last ii, A most lovely Convolvulus..with purple maroon flowers. 1876Ouida Winter City vi. 114 They had put out her marron velvet with the ostrich feathers. 1878Foster Phys. ii. ii. §3. 267 Venous blood of a dark purple or maroon colour.
Comb.1840Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. i. St. Gengulphus, Good, stout maroon-colour'd leather. 1876Harley Mat. Med. 233 A maroon-red precipitate.
▪ II. maroon, n.2 and a.2|məˈruːn|
Forms: 7–8 maron, 8 marone, meroon, 8– maroon.
[a. F. marron (maron in Hist. Antilles 1658, p. 322), said to be a corruption of Sp. cimarron wild, untamed.]
A. n.
1. One of a class of Blacks, originally fugitive slaves, living in the mountains and forests of Surinam and the West Indies.
[1626Nichols Sir F. Drake revived (1628) 7 The Symerons (a blacke people, which about eightie yeeres past, fled from the Spaniards their Masters).] 1666J. Davies Hist. Caribby Isles 202 They will run away and get into the Mountains and Forests, where they live like so many Beasts; then they are call'd Marons, that is to say Savages. 1795Hist. Eur. in Ann. Reg. (1796) 60/1 The hostilities against the free negroes in the Island of Jamaica known by the denomination of Maroons had been carried on a long time without effect. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) X. 694/2 (Mauritius) The Marones, or wild negroes. 1843Marryat M. Violet xl, A gang of negro maroons was hanging about. 1895Nation (N.Y.) 8 Aug. 98/2 The savage Maroons were called in and let loose upon the peasantry.
attrib.1796(title) The Proceedings of the Governor and Assembly of Jamaica, in regard to the Maroon Negroes. 1828G. W. Bridges Ann. Jamaica II. xv. 221 Many who distinguished themselves in the Maroon war of Jamaica.
b. fig. (Also attrib.)
1823Macaulay Misc. Writ., R. Soc. Lit. (1860) I. 22 It will furnish a secure ambuscade behind which the Maroons of literature may take a certain and deadly aim. a1859― Hist. Eng. xxiii. (1861) V. 113 A warrant of the Lord Chief Justice broke up the Maroon village [of thieves in Epping Forest] for a short time.
2. Southern U.S. In full maroon † frolic, maroon party: A pleasure party, esp. a hunting or fishing excursion of the nature of a picnic but of longer duration.
1779I. Angell Diary (1899) 59 Lt. Cook..Come from the Meroon frolick last night. [Editor's note: A hunting or fishing trip, or excursion, in Southern United States, to camp out after the manner of the West Indian Maroons.] 1785in South Carolina Hist. & Geneal. Mag. (1912) XIII. 188 On Monday we form a maroon party to visit some saw mills. 1838C. Gilman Recoll. Southern Matron xxxii. 223 Feeling the necessity of refreshment, we alighted for a while beneath a tree by the roadside, for a maroon.
3. A person who is marooned.
1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. xi, Well, what would you think? Put 'em ashore like maroons?
B. adj. Run wild, having reverted to a state of nature (Cent. Dict.). [So F. marron.]
▪ III. maroon, v.|məˈruːn|
Also 7–8 mo-.
[f. prec.]
†1.
a. pass. or intr. To be lost in the wilds.
b. intr. (? fig.) ? To miss one's object. Obs.
1699W. Dampier Voy. II. ii. 84, I began to find that I was (as we call it, I suppose from the Spaniards) Morooned, or Lost, and quite out of the Hearing of my Comrades Guns. 1716–17S. Sewall Letter-Bk. 15 Jan. II. 63, I had rather myself bear part of the charge, then that the poor young man moroon'd and return home with shame and disappointment.
2. trans. To put (a person) ashore and leave him on a desolate island or coast (as was done by the buccaneers and pirates) by way of punishment.
1726Brice's Weekly Jrnl. 1 July 2 He farther says, that Lowe and Spriggs were both maroon'd, and were got among the Musketoo Indians. 1822Scott Pirate xxii, I was..condemned..to be marooned, as the phrase goes, on one of those little sandy, bushy islets, which are called, in the West Indies, keys. 1891Athenæum 17 Jan. 82/2 Magellan ‘marooned’ a mutinous priest on the coast of Patagonia.
b. transf. To place or leave in a position from which one cannot escape. Also fig.
1910N.Y. Even. Post 6 Jan. (Th.), Train No. 4.., due here from Los Angeles on January 1, is marooned in the desert. 1912Ibid. 15 July 1/7 Rescue parties found dazed families..marooned on roofs. Ibid., The torrent rushed..through the [station] yard,..marooning several hundred passengers. 1916W. Owen Let. 19 June (1967) 395, I am marooned on a Crag of Superiority in an ocean of Soldiers. 1946Sun (Baltimore) 10 Aug. 4/1 It comes out for..direct assistance and encouragement to farmers marooned in declining or unproductive lines. 1973Jewish Chron. 29 June 16/2 Marooned in the decaying house, she hears voices and sees the ghosts of the family. 1974Sunday Tel. 7 July 26/2 Living a few miles out [of a city] is all very well in itself, but it often involves two cars—one for an otherwise marooned wife and family.
3. intr. Of slaves: To escape from service and take to the woods and mountains.
1831Tyerman & Bennet Voy. & Trav. II. lii. 496 The slaves [in Mauritius] sometimes maroon, as it is called, that is, they run away from their bondage.
4. Southern U.S. To camp out for several days on a pleasure party. (Cf. maroon n.2 2.)
[1777: Implied in marooning vbl. n. 2.] 1855Haliburton Nat. & Hum. Nat. II. 283 He used to delight to go marooning. [Footnote.] Marooning differs from pic-nicing in this—the former continues several days, the other lasts but one. 1871Kingsley At Last vi, A bathing party of pleasant French people, ‘marooning’ (as picnic-ing is called here) on the island.
5. To idle, ‘hang about’.
1808Southey Lett. (1856) II. 59 To juniperise within doors, to maroon without. 1865Pall Mall G. 13 Nov. 2 To purchase for these 300,000 blacks the liberty to squat and maroon or to hang about the towns of the island.
Hence maˈrooned ppl. a.
1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. xv, The marooned man in his goatskins. 1889Clark Russell Marooned xxv, As decent a lodging as marooned people have a right to expect. |
