| 释义 |
▪ I. mourning, vbl. n.1|ˈmɔənɪŋ|
[f. mourn v.1 + -ing1.]
1. The action of mourn v.1; feeling or expression of sorrow; sorrowing, lamentation. Also with a or in pl.
a1225Ancr. R. 342 Heui murnunge. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3205 For swinc and murning hem was on. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xvi. 54 For hire love mournyng y make more then eny mon. c1380Sir Ferumb. 3797 Whar-for was mad þat gret mornyng Amonges þe Sarazyns olde & ȝyng, As hy þar herden alle. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 520 Ywis lemman I haue swich loue longynge That lik a turtel trewe is my moornynge. c1440Jacob's Well xviii. 125 In þis mournyng, an aungyl com to hym. 1535Coverdale Ps. ci[i]. 20 He maye heare the mournynges of soch as be in captiuyte. a1631Donne Lam. Jeremy iii. 19 But when my mourning I do thinke upon My wormwood, hemlocke and affliction; My Soule is humbled in remembring this. a1716South Serm. (1744) VII. vi. 129 Neither mourning for sin, or confession of it, avail any thing but a new creature. 1868Morris Earthly Par. I. ii. 545 With mourning sore Toward the king's palace did they take their way.
2. spec. The feeling or the expression of sorrow for the death of a person; also, an expression of grief, a lament. Phrase, † to make mourning.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 51/172 Heo bi-lefte, þo it was non oþur in gret deol and mournyng. a1300Cursor M. 14239 At þat castel his frendes bade, And for þair frend gret murning made. c1420Sir Amadace (Camden) xxxvii, Sir Amadace wasse in mournyng broȝte. 1509Fisher Funeral Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 301 Thes sorrowfull cryes of her thy seruaunte with the other lamentable mornynges of her frendes & seruauntes. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie i. xxiv. (Arb.) 63 Poeticall mournings in verse. a1644Quarles Sol. Recant. ch. vii. iv, The wise mans sober heart is always turning His wary footsteps to the house of mourning. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxviii, The Highlanders..are wont to mingle a degree of solemn mirth with their mourning. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington 4 Let us bury the Great Duke To the noise of the mourning of a mighty nation.
3. a. The conventional or ceremonial manifestation of sorrow for the death of a person; esp. the wearing of black garments. Also, the period during which such garments are worn.
c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 920/1 Mournyng, deul. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 228 The kynge ware whyte for mournyng. 1641Shirley Cardinal i. (1652) 1 How does her Grace since she left her mourning For the young Duke Mendoza, whose timeless death At Sea, left her a Virgin and a Widdow? 1683Penn Lett. conc. Pennsylv. 6 Their Mourning is blacking of their faces, which they continue for a year. a1854H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets viii. (1857) 281 Those who, after a long mourning, resume their ordinary dresses. 1868Marriott Vest. Chr. p. xvii, Thus, where the hair is ordinarily worn short it is a sign of mourning to let it grow long.
b. An instance of this; a ceremonial manifestation of grief for the death of a person. Now rare.
1611Bible Gen. l. 10 And he made a mourning for his father seuen dayes. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., In public Mournings at Rome the shops were shut up, the women laid aside all their ornaments [etc.]. 1776Adam Smith W.N. 1. x. ii. (1869) I. 149 Except in the case of a general mourning. 1803–6Wordsw. Ode Intim. Immort. 95 A wedding or a festival, A mourning or a funeral.
4. a. The dress or customary garment (now usually black) worn by mourners. Also occas. applied to the black draperies placed on furniture or the walls of buildings, etc., on occasions of mourning.
deep mourning, half mourning, second mourning: see those words. † close mourning: mourning such as is worn by the nearest relatives; = deep mourning.
1654–66Earl of Orrery Parthen. (1676) 606 All..should for the revolution of twelve Moons wear close Mourning. 1661Pepys Diary 23 July, Put on my mourning. 1663Wood Life July (O.H.S.) I. 479 Three tressels theron, covered with mourning. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii. 942 They..through the Master-Street the Corps convey'd. The Houses to their Tops with Black were spread, And ev'n the Pavements were with Mourning hid. 1708Swift Bickerstaff Detected Wks. 1751 IV. 207 The Stair-case, I believe, and these two apartments hung in close Mourning will be sufficient. 1752Johnson Let. to Taylor 18 Mar. in Boswell, Pray desire Mrs. Taylor to inform me what mourning I should buy for my mother and Miss Porter. 1833H. Martineau Loom & Lugger ii. iii. 43 They had at first offered to make up her mourning for her.
b. pl. in the same sense. Now Sc. and north.
1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. I) 97 If we hold all the men in the world to be of our affinity, let us make account to weare mournings all our life. 1650R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Wars i. 9 Putting on mournings, [he] commanded an adjournment of the Courts of Justice. 1822Galt Sir A. Wylie ii, To the total wreck and destruction of all the unfinished bravery of mournings which lay scattered around. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 662 A widow has a legal claim to mournings for her husband. a1842A. Cunningham Burns & Byron, They came into the street in their mournings.
c. Phr. in mourning (as adjectival phrase): wearing the garments indicative of grief. Also Naut. (see quot. 1867). So to go or put into mourning; to be out of mourning, etc.
a1656Hales Gold. Rem. iii. Serm., etc. (1673) 21 Demades the Oratour was wont to say of the Athenians, that they never came to consult of peace, nisi atrati, but in blacks and mourning. 1683Wood Life 23 Aug. (O.H.S.) III. 66 An hears..followed by 5 coaches in morning. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella 25 Dec., Her brother would fain have her death a secret, to save the charge of bringing her up here to bury her, or going into mourning. 1778F. Burney Evelina xiv, She was already out of mourning. 1821Byron Juan iii. vii, Sad thought! to lose the spouse that was adorning Our days, and put one's servants into mourning. 1860C. M. Yonge Stokesley Secret iii, There were two ladies, one in stately handsome slight mourning. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., A ship is in mourning with her ensign and pennant half-mast, her yards topped awry, or apeek, or alternately topped an-end. If the sides are painted blue instead of white, it denotes deep mourning. 1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 310 Seeing the wife of the priest..in mourning.
d. slang or jocular. to be in mourning: said of the eyes when blackened by fighting. Also of the finger-nails when allowed to become dirty.
1814Sporting Mag. XLIII. 70 Bolter..had his eyes in mourning. 1867O. W. Holmes Guardian Angel x, His eyes were ‘in mourning’, as the gentlemen of the ring say. 1890Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang (1897), Mourning (common), a full suit of mourning, two black eyes; half-mourning, one black eye.
5. attrib. and Comb., as mourning apparel, mourning armlet, mourning attire, mourning badge, mourning bonnet, mourning card, mourning clothes, mourning coat, mourning colour, mourning-dress, mourning duty, mourning garment, mourning gown, mourning habit, mourning handkerchief, mourning hat, † mourning head, † mourning hood, mourning house, mourning livery, mourning millinery, mourning note-paper, mourning picture, mourning song, mourning tie, mourning time, mourning veil, mourning weeds, etc.; also mourning-band, (a) see quot. c 1618; (b) a strip of black cloth or crape worn round the sleeve of a coat or round a hat in token of bereavement; (c) slang, a dirty or black edge to a finger-nail; mourning border, a black border on note-paper, envelopes, etc., used by persons who are ‘in mourning’; hence mourning-bordered adj.; mourning-brooch, a brooch of jet or other black material, worn by women when mourning; † mourning carriage, in quot. a carriage for conveying a corpse; † mourning chariot = mourning coach; mourning cloak, † (a) a cloak formerly worn by persons following a funeral, usually hired from the undertaker; (b) a butterfly, the Camberwell beauty, Vanessa antiopa; mourning coach, (a) a coach of black colour formerly used by a person during the whole period of his mourning; (b) a closed carriage, usually black, used to convey mourners on the occasion of a funeral; † mourning coffin, hearse (app. = ‘coffin’, ‘hearse’, simply; possibly, however, one of a black colour or with black draperies); mourning envelope, a mourning-bordered envelope; † mourning horse, the horse belonging to a deceased person, led riderless and draped with black in the funeral procession; mourning iris, Iris susiana (see quots.); mourning jewellery, jewellery decorated with miniature funereal ornaments or pictures; mourning-paper, note-paper with a black edge; mourning-piece U.S., a pictorial representation of a tomb, etc., intended as a memorial of the dead; mourning-pin, a black pin for use with mourning-attire (Worcester 1860); mourning-ring, a ring worn as a memorial of a deceased person; mourning shirt, (a) see quot. 1650; (b) slang, a flannel shirt, as it does not require washing so often as others; † mourning-staff, a black pole carried in a funeral procession; mourning-stuff, ‘a lusterless black textile material, such as crape, cashmere, or merino, regarded as especially fitted for mourning-garments’ (Cent. Dict.); mourning-vein, a vein of mourning granite; mourning warehouse, a warehouse selling mourning clothes, etc. (cf. warehouse n. 1 e).
1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Lugeo, Lugubris ornatus. Cic[ero] *Mournyng apparell. 1611Bible 2 Sam. xiv. 2.
1966Olney Amsden & Sons Ltd. Price List 29 *Mourning armlets.
1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 14 §11 Any lyvere..giffyn by any executoures at the interement of any person for any *mornyng array.
1611Cotgr., Dueil, dole, griefe,..also, mourning weeds, or *mourning attire; as, Il porte le dueil.
1968Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 8 Oct. (1970) 718 A *mourning badge worn after Lincoln's assassination.
c1618Moryson Itin. iv. (1903) 334 The other men that followe the Herse haue..hattbandes of black Sipres hanging downe behynde, Called Trawerbandes that is *mourning bandes. c1874D. Boucicault in M. R. Booth Eng. Plays of 19th Cent. (1969) II. 211, I was wrong to come here at all. I feel like a mourning band on a white hat. 1884St. James's Gaz. 5 Dec. 6/1 The ‘mourning-bands’ on the finger-nails are faithfully recorded. 1966J. Potts Footsteps on Stairs (1967) ii. 19 Enid kept her loneliness hidden, while Martin's was there for all the world to see; he wore it like a mourning band.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 302/2 Ladies' *Mourning Bonnet..a very handsome Bonnet and Mourning Veil.
1899Westm. Gaz. 16 Nov. 2/3 *Mourning-bordered envelopes.
1804M. Wilmot Let. 2 Jan. in Russ. Jrnls. (1934) 72 A *Mourning Card was presented to the Princess. 1939–40Army & Navy Stores Catal. 301 Mourning note papers, cards,..and envelopes.
1710M. Henry Life Lieut. Illidge Wks. 1853 II. 585/1 His corpse was carried on a *mourning carriage to Witembury.
1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3945/4 At Mr. Harrison's, Coach-Maker,..is a Mourning Coach and Harness,..also a *Mourning Charriot.
1610–11in Halliwell Anc. Invent. (1854) 66 Item, one *mourning cloak. 1898W. J. Holland Butterfly Bk. (1902) 169 Vanessa antiopa... (The Mourning-cloak; The Camberwell Beauty.)
1535Coverdale Baruch v. 1 Put of thy *mournynge clothes (o Ierusalem).
1690Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 148 The 23rd, sir John Jonston, condemned for stealing Mrs. Wharton, went up in a *mourning coach to Tyburn, and was executed for the same. 1714A. Smith Lives Highwaymen II. 18 He was..carry'd into a mourning Coach, and so convey'd to the Tangier-Tavern. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge ix, I wish I may..never be buried decent with a mourning-coach and feathers.
1586L. Bryskett Past. Aegl. Death Sidney 28 Hath not the aire put on his *mourning coat, And testified his grief with flowing teares?
1683Condemn. & Exec. A. Sydney 2 They put it [the body] into a *Mourning-Coffin..and conveyed it thence, in order to its Interment.
1564W. Bullein Dial. agst. Pest. Ded. (1888) 1 My Chamber..hanged al in one *mournyng darcke colour. 1885Dillon Fairholt's Costume in Eng. II. Gloss. 290 Black appears to have been the mourning colour generally worn in England.
1840Knickerbocker XVI. 70 A conclusive proof that the *mourning-dress is an empty ordinance of Fashion. 1843Dickens Christmas Carol ii. 65 A fair young girl in a mourning-dress. a1922L. Luck in J. Burnett Useful Toil (1974) i. 72, I had my new mourning dress torn from my back, through trying to part them when fighting.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 88 'Tis sweet and commendable In your Nature Hamlet, To giue these *mourning duties to your Father.
1862*Mourning envelope [see note-paper]. 1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 332/1 Mourning envelopes. 1939–40Mourning envelope [see mourning card above].
1530Palsgr. 246/2 *Mournyng garment, habit de dveil. 1535Coverdale 2 Sam. xiv. 2.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. i. 161 Wrap our bodies in blacke *mourning Gownes.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 4 Þei maken hem self in siȝte of peple more holi þan oþere men and bosten þereof in owtward signes or wordes, as *mornynge abite, lettris of fraternite.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 226/3 *Mourning Handkerchiefs{ddd}with neat fast black hem-stitched borders. 1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 819/2 Mourning Handkerchiefs. With black border.
1896T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring & Summer 46/3 Telegraph orders for *Mourning Hats continue to be received. 1899in A. Adburgham Shops & Shopping (1964) xxii. 261 Mourning hat bands.
1736Ainsworth Lat. Dict., A *mourning hat-band, Torulus atratus.
1530Palsgr. 253/1 Peake of a ladyes *mournyng heed, biquoquet.
1641Evelyn Diary 2 Jan., We at night followed the *mourning hearse to the Church at Wotton.
c1495Epitaffe, etc. in Skelton's Wks. (1843) II. 391 Of with your rich caperons, put on your *mourning hodes. 1736Ainsworth Lat. Dict., A mourning hood, Epomis atrata.
1695Lond. Gaz. No. 3059/1 Then followed the *Mourning Horse, led by the Lord Viscount Villers, Master of the Horse to Her late Majesty, attended by two Equerries.
1402Repl. Friar Daw Topias in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 76 To make sich housynge to men that ben deede, to whiche longith but graves and *mornynge housis. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 818, I will..shut My wofull selfe vp in a mourning house, Raining the teares of lamentation, For the remembrance of my Fathers death.
1883W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden 158/1 I[ris] susiana (*Mourning I[ris])... The flowers, which are produced in early summer, are very large and densely spotted and striped with dark purple on a grey ground. 1966M. Price Iris Bk. vii. 78 The celebrated silver and black mourning iris..is easiest.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 179 Real onyx and jet *mourning jewelry. 1960H. Hayward Antique Coll. 192/1 Mourning jewellery became particularly fashionable in the second half of the 18th cent... Earlier mourning jewellery of the 16th and 17th cent..was of a more gloomy kind.
1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 26 Two footmen in *mourning-liveries.
1896T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring & Summer 46/3 *Mourning Millinery.
1862*Mourning note-paper [see note-paper]. 1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 332/1 Mourning note paper.
1800M. Edgeworth Belinda (1832) II. xxv. 155 The letter was copied upon a sheet of *mourning paper.
1947T. H. White Elephant & Kangaroo (1948) xxi. 170 Two *mourning pictures of her father and mother. 1972Village Voice (N.Y.) 1 June 3/4 Crewel work and other kinds of embroidery, mourning pictures, theorems, and stencil work.
1843Knickerbocker XXII. 189 The parlor..was ornamented..among the rest, [with] the indispensable family *mourning-piece. 1889M. C. Lee Quaker Girl of Nantucket iii. 48 There ain't a house on the island, I expect, but what's got a mourning piece hangin' up in the front room. 1967Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 12 Nov. (1970) 588 On the walls are samplers and ‘mourning pieces’ and quaint American primitive portraits. 1970New Yorker 28 Nov. 158/2 The picture is one of the earliest examples of the mourning piece—a folk genre that originated at the time of Wash.'s death.
1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 162/2 *Mourning pins may be made of brass,..varnishing being substituted for tinning.
1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3897/4, 3 other *Mourning Rings, with W.C. ob. 18 Dec. 1702. 1852Miss Mulock Agatha's Husb. xii. (1875) 306 The large diamond mourning ring which the widower always wore, ‘In memory of Catherine Harper’.
1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. I) 105 Your *Mourning-robes.
1650Fuller Pisgah iv. vi. 98 As we say *mourning shirts, it being customary for men in sadness, to spare the pains of their laundresses.
1736Ainsworth Lat. Dict., A *mourning song, Nenia, carmen lugubre, threnodia.
c1730Savage Author to be let Publ. Pref., Had it not been more laudable in Mr. Roome, the son of an undertaker, to have borne a link and a *mourning-staff in the long procession of a funeral, than [etc.].
1881M. Arnold Westminster Abbey x, The *mourning-stole no more Mantled her form.
1703Burgh Rec. Stirling (1889) 99 Four *mourning strings..which they are to wear above their belts that day upon account of the funerals of the deceast John Stivensone, provost.
1662W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. verse 18. i. xliv. §1 (1669) 401/2 Gaudy rich cloaths on a fast-day do no better, than a light trimming on a *mourning suit. 1819Byron Juan ii. cxxxix, And night is flung off like a mourning suit Worn for a husband,—or some other brute.
1970B. Knox Children of Mist vii. 155 A black *mourning tie knotted neatly at his shirt collar.
c1407Lydg. Reson & Sens. 6926 Ther ys..woman noon so stedefast That, whan *Mowrenyng tyme is past, she may of mercy and pite save and kepe hir honeste, And forsake hir clothes blake And chesen hir a nywe make.
1821Shelley Adonais xli, Thou Air, Which like a *mourning veil thy scarf hadst thrown O'er the abandoned Earth. 1897Mourning veil [see mourning bonnet above].
1872Rep. Vermont Board Agric. I. 662 The other layers most desirable and most valuable are the dark and light *mourning veins.
c1860in A. Adburgham Shops & Shopping (1964) vi. 65 The London General *Mourning Ware⁓house. 1885List of Subscribers, Classified (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) 157 Mourning Warehouses.
1572Lament. Lady Scotl. 6 in Satir. Poems Reform. xxxiii, With ȝour *murning weid absconse my face. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. i. i. 70 Haile Rome: Victorious in thy Mourning Weedes.
▪ II. † ˈmourning, vbl. n.2 Obs.
[f. mourn v.2 + -ing1.]
mourning of the chine: The disease of glanders. Cf. mortechien.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §87 Mournynge on the chyne..appereth at his nosethryll lyke oke-water. Ibid. §119 The frenche-man saythe, Mort de langue et de eschine Sount maladyes saunce medicine. The mournynge of the tongue, and of the chyne, are diseases without remedy or medicyne. 1598Florio, Ciamorro, a disease in horses called the mourning of the chine, issuing at the nosthrils. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 371 This word mourning of the Chine, is a corrupt name borrowed of the French toong, wherein it is cald mote [1658 Morte] deschien, that is to say the death of the backe. Because many do hold this opinion that this disease doth consume the marrow of the backe. 1611Cotgr., Mourne, the Mumpes; and (in a horse, &c.) the mourning of the Chyne. 1735Burdon Pocket Farriery 74 The Mourning of the Chine is downright Poverty of Flesh and Blood.
▪ III. ˈmourning, ppl. a.
[f. mourn v.1 + -ing2.]
1. That mourns; sorrowing, lamenting; characterized by or expressive of grief.
Beowulf 50 Him wæs ᵹeomor sefa, murnende mod. a1300Cursor M. 4963 He mened him þus, wit murnand cher. 1382Wyclif Ezek. xxiv. 17 Nether thou shalt ete meet of mournynge men. c1550Knt. Curtesy 59 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 69 Alas! he sayd, with murnynge eyen, Now is my herte in wo and payne. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iii. 36 When mourning altars, purg'd with enemies life, The black infernall furies doen aslake. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman D'Alf. i. 134, I put on a mourning-face, looke sad [etc.]. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XII. 436/1 Præficæ, or mourning women,..went about the streets. 1815Shelley Alastor 55 No mourning maiden decked With weeping flowers.
2. transf. Bruised. Cf. mourning vbl. n.1 4 d.
1708S. Centlivre Busy Body i. i, On condition you'll give us a true account how you came by that mourning nose.
3. mourning bride, a popular name for the sweet scabious, Scabiosa atropurpurea; mourning dove, N. Amer., a blue-grey pigeon, Zenaidura macroura carolinensis, distinguished by its plaintive call; mourning warbler, an American warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia; mourning widow, (a) a European geranium with petals of a dusky colour, Geranium phæum; (b) = mourning bride (Cent. Dict. 1890); mourning willow, the weeping willow.
1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 310 Scabiosa atropurpurea, *Mourning Bride.
1839Peabody in Boston Jrnl. Nat. Hist. (1841) III. 192 The Carolina Turtle Dove..is called [in western Massachusetts] the *Mourning Dove. 1841G. Catlin Lett. on N. Amer. Indians I. 158 The mourning or turtle-dove..is not to be destroyed or harmed by anyone. 1880J. M. Farrar Five Yrs. Minnesota 166 Mourning-doves fill every wood with their plaintive notes. 1929M. de la Roche Whiteoaks xvi. 203 High in the pines she heard the plaintive notes of a mourning dove. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 41/2 Once again Ontario gunners are asking for an open season on mourning doves and once again considerations of sentimentality..will almost certainly defeat them. 1975A. Dillard Pilgrim at Tinker Creek ii. 33, I saw the backyard cedar where the mourning doves roost.
1808–13A. Wilson Amer. Ornith. (1831) II. 140 Sylvia Philadelphia, Wilson.—*Mourning warbler.
1866Treas. Bot., *Mourning widow. Geranium phæum.
1813H. Muhlenberg Catal. Plantarum Americæ Septentrionalis 91 *Mourning Willow. |
