| 释义 |
ˈtenmantale, tenmentale Obs. exc. Hist.
Forms: 2 tien, tyen, ten manna tale, tenmanne tale; the(n)manetale, temantale; tenemen-, teneman-, 7 te(n)men-, 8– te(n)man-tale.
[OE. type *tíen manna talu ‘numerum decem hominum’, a number (tale, or reckoning) of ten men.]
1. According to the ‘Laws of Edward the Confessor’, the contemporary Yorkshire (or ? general Danelaw) name of the Anglo-Saxon tithing, and also of the friþborh or frank-pledge by which the members of a tithing were made sureties for each other.
(The only known ancient authority for this is the ‘Laws of Edward the Confessor’, compiled c 1130–35. The alleged addition to the Treaty of ælfred and Guðrum, from which the term is quoted by Spelman and Du Cange, is found in no MS., and is apparently of later authorship.)
1130–35Laws Edw. Conf. c. 20 Alia est pax..scilicet sub fideiussionis stabilitate, quam Angli uocant fri[th]borgas, preter Eboracenses, qui uocant eam tyen [v.rr. ten, tien] manna tale, hoc est numerum x hominum. a1200Hoveden Chron. (Rolls) II. 228 (quoting prec.) Quod sit Frithborg, quod Eboracenses vocant tenementale, id este, sermo decem hominum. 1664Spelman Gloss., Tementale, vel Tenmentale, Sax. tienmantale, Decuria, Tithinga. 1872E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 118 A Tything, or Tenmantale, of the Hundred, in which a Decanus, annually chosen in the Hundred-court, presided in the petty court in the place of the Tungreve [tun-ᵹerefa].
2. In parts of England under Danish influence, a name in 12th and 13th c. for the land tax levied on a carucate; the carucage.
In this sense the name was perh. connected with the tenmanland or tenmanlot, and tale may have had the sense ‘sum, account, reckoning’.
c1135Charter of Wm. Paganellus to Drax (Charter Roll 4 Edw. II m. 4), Quam.. defendemus contra omnes homines de murdre de Danegelde, de The[n]mantale. a1154Cartular. Abb. de Rievalle (Surtees) 142 Et ii solidi de Danegeld, id est The[n]manetale, quoquo anno eveniebant super illas ix carrucatas. 1166–76Calr. Charter Rolls (1908) III. 342 Tenementa predicta [at Lessness, Kent] habeant et teneant libera et quieta ab omnibus geldis et danegeldis et scutagiis et murdro et latrocinio..et clausuris et hidagiis et scotagiis et querelis et s[c]yris et hundredis et tethingis et tenemannetale. 1194Hoveden Chron. (Rolls) III. 242 Rex constituit sibi dari de unaquaque carucata terræ totius Angliæ duos solidos, quod ab antiquis nominatur Temantale. a1200Whitby Cartul. (Surtees) I. 196 Quod Monasterium michi..duos solidos annuatim persolvent, et Themantel, pro omnibus serviciis. 1747Carte Hist. Eng. I. 760 An impost, called by some writers Carucage, and Temantale, but in the Pipe-rolls termed Hidage. |
