| 释义 |
achieve, v.|əˈtʃiːv|
Forms: 4–6 acheve; 4 achyve; 5 acheive, atcheve; (6 ascheve); 6–7 atchive; 6–9 atchieve; 5– achieve.
[a. Fr. acheve-r, formed from phrase á chief (venir):—late L. ad caput venire to come to a head with, to bring to a head, to finish. An aphetic form, common in ME. but now obs., was chieve. Northern writers had also escheve, with the prefix erroneously refashioned by form-assoc. with words in a- for original es-, as achape for eschape, escape.]
I. Of a process: To finish, complete.
1. trans. To bring to a successful issue, to carry out successfully (an enterprize); to accomplish, perform.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 474 What more-hond moȝte he a-cheue. c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 785 He that nought nassayeth, nought nacheveth. 1475Caxton Jason 13 b, Myrro suffrid him tachieue alle his proposition. 1513More Edw. V, 3 Appointed to atchieve a more abominable enterprise. 1587Holinshed Chron. III. 808/1 Thus began the iusts, which was valiantlie atchiued by the king. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 336 The strange Feats they say Antichrist is then to atchieve. 1725Pope Odyss. i. 99 Let all combine to atchieve his wish'd return. 1815Southey Roderick xix. 96 Much might Count Julian's sword atchieve for Spain. 1853C. Brontë Villette xix. 188 (1876) He was achieving, amongst a very wretched population, a world of active good.
2. absol.
1607Shakes. Cor. iv. vii. 23 [He] does atcheeue as soone As draw his sword. 1713Steele Guardian No. 13 ⁋5 This youth has a mind prepared to atchieve for the salvation of souls.
†3. trans. To bring to an end or termination; to finish, to terminate. Obs.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 2111 For tacheve myn batayle I wolde nevere from this place fle. c1400Rom. Rose 4630 How is this quarelle yit acheved Of Loves side? Ibid. 1068 And yvel achyved mote they be, These losenger ful of envye! 1534Ld. Berners Boke of M. Aurelius B (1546) All these thynges tyme acheueth and burieth. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. iii. 91 Bid them atchieue me, and then sell my bones.
†4. intr. To come to a natural end or conclusion; to end, result, turn out. Obs.
1393Gower Conf. III. 81 For it shall never well acheve, That stont nought right with the beleve. a1440Sir Degrevant 464 He shalle love that swet wyȝt, Acheve how hit wold. 1523Ld. Berners Froissart I. ccclxxvi. 626 Wherfore all your busynes shall acheue the better. 1534― Boke of M. Aurelius D d viii b (1546) Thei [gods] bee called immortall..and we be called mortal..thus acheuethe the persones: but the goddis neuer.
II. Of an end: To attain, gain.
5. trans. To succeed in gaining, to acquire by effort, to gain, win.
a. An abstract property or possession.
1393Gower Conf. II. 10 All though thou mightest love acheve. 1523Ld. Berners Froissart I. cxxxvi. 164 He achyued suche grace among them there, that, etc. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. v. i. 378 Some are borne great, some atchieue greatnesse. 1674Milton P.L. xi. 792 Having spilt much blood..and achieved thereby Fame in the world. 1833H. Martineau Berkeley i. vii. 151 Now is the time for you and me to try to achieve a truer independence. 1874Black Pr. Thule 35 He had achieved a good reputation.
†b. A material acquisition. Obs.
1393Gower Conf. III. 170 Whan that he wenith best acheve His gode world, it is most fro. 1555Fardle of Facions App. 315 What time then ye shall haue achieued the land of Chanaan. 1604Shakes. Oth. ii. i. 61 He hath atchieu'd a Maid That paragons description. 1618Bolton Florus (1636) 325 Provinces are atchieved by the sword, but retayned by Iustice.
†6. intr. To arrive or attain successfully (to a point or position). Obs.
1495Caxton Vitas Patrum (W. de Worde) i. xlvii. 84 b, That this begynnynge maye achyeue fro good to better. 1553–87Foxe A. & M. 17/1 (1596) By the means whereof, the archbishops of the Romish see haue atchiued to their great kingdome.
7. trans. To attain successfully, to reach (an end).
a1569A. Kingsmill Man's Estate xi. (1580) 77 By these means, in some hath he atchived the ende of his message. 1684R. Waller Ess. Nat. Exper. 70 Whether she Atchieves her End by Contracting, or Rarefying the Fluid. 1794Sullivan View of Nat. I. 255 These able men strove to attain the same great end, and separately atchieved it. 1882Daily News 17 July 4/6 Even though to achieve its [the policy's] necessary ends, it should lead to invasion and war.
8. [See over-achiever, under-achiever.] intr. To be successful in attaining one's (educational) goals. See achiever b.
1953[see over-achiever]. 1958School & Society 7 June 269/2 To achieve requires considerable effort, but a child must learn..pleasure in what one is doing. 1962Educ. Leadership Oct. 15/2 They achieve in school by holding offices, being popular, and..leading the crowd in materialistic displays. 1980Church Times 11 July 4/3 He believed that there were intelligent people in the parish who had not achieved academically. 1984Ibid. 31 Aug. 9/4 A report commissioned by the Inner London Education Authority concluded that the main ingredient of achievement was the desire to achieve. |
