| 释义 |
▪ I. dictate, n.|ˈdɪkteɪt, -ət|
[ad. L. dictāt-um ‘thing dictated’, subst. use of neuter pa. pple. of dictāre to dictate (see next); in Lat. usually in pl. dictāta things dictated, lessons, rules, precepts, dictates.]
†1. That which is orally expressed or uttered in order to be written down; a dictated utterance.
1617Minsheu Ductor in Ling., Dictates or lessons which the master enditeth for his schollers to write. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1651) 12 Six or seven Amanuenses to write out his dictats. 1691tr. Emilianne's Obs. Journ. Naples 21 They are not made to Write, that is, to take Dictates. 1807Crabbe Library 74 Skill and power to send, The heart's warm dictates to the distant friend. 1826(title), Dictates, or Selections in Prose and Verse for dictating as exercises in Orthography.
†b. The action of dictating; dictation. Obs.
1642Jer. Taylor Episcopacie xxiii. 132 Many were actually there long after S. Pauls dictate of the Epistle. 1678Lively Orac. ii. §41 Said to have wrote by dictat from him, as Mark did from Saint Peter.
†2. An authoritative utterance or pronouncement; a dictum. Obs.
1627–77Feltham Resolves i. xxii. 41 It was the Philosophers dictate. 1651C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. i. 164 According to the late Roman dictates. 1728Newton Chronol. Amended 19 This gives a beginning to Oracles in Greece: and by their dictates the Worship of the Dead is every where introduced.
†b. A saying commonly received; a current saying, a maxim. Obs.
1650Hobbes De Corp. Pol. 37 This Rule is very well known and expressed in this Old Dictate, Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. iii. §11 If, according to old dictates, no man can be said to be happy before death [etc.].
3. An authoritative direction delivered in words; an order given by one in authority.
1618Donne Serm. cxxxiii. V. 387 A faithful executing of his commission and speaking according to his Dictate. 1645Wither Vox Pacif. 3 By Gods immediate dictates, I indite. 1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 42 Themselves give us but their Magisteriall Dictates. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 95 ⁋9, I could not receive such dictates without horror. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. i. 12 They speak at the dictate of a higher power, whose word is law.
b. Often applied to the authoritative words or monitions of a written law, of scripture or revelation, and to those attributed to or derived from inspiration, conscience, reason, nature, experience, self-interest, and other ruling or actuating principles.
1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. vii. (1597) 60 The lawes of well doing are the dictates of right reason. 1644Bulwer Chiron. 137 He might have followed the dictate of his owne Genius. 1656Bramhall Replic. i. 56 Contrary to the dictate of his conscience. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. Serm. ix. 315 He should constantly adhere to the dictates of Reason and Nature. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. xliv. 659 Every man will obey the dictates of his interest. 1798Malthus Popul. (1817) I. 19 Pursuing the dictate of nature in an early attachment to one woman. 1874Carpenter Ment. Phys. i. vi. §1 (1879) 238 He seems to have followed the dictates of his artistic feelings.
▪ II. dictate, v.|dɪkˈteɪt, ˈdɪkteɪt|
[f. L. dictāt- ppl. stem of dictāre to say often, pronounce, prescribe, dictate, freq. of dīcĕre to say, tell.
The pronunciation dicˈtate is now usual in England, though unrecognized by the dictionaries, with the exception of Cassell's Encyclopædic, 1884. The poets from G. Herbert to Byron and Shelley have only ˈdictate.]
1. trans. To put into words which are to be written down; to utter, pronounce, or read aloud to a person (something which he is to write).
1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. 151 You are to dictate, or deliuer vnto them word by word, the English of the sentence. 1661Bramhall Just Vind. vi. 130 A book..not penned, but dictated by such as know right well the most secret Cabales, and Intriques of the Conclave. a1783Mrs. Williams in Boswell's Johnson (1831) I. 240 He dictated them while Bathurst wrote. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. ii. v. 262 He [Cicero] used to dictate his thoughts to his scribes. 1856Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. I. iv. 126 During his last illness..he dictated an account of some scientific observations.
b. absol. (the object being left out) To practise or use dictation.
1592Dee Comp. Rehears. (Chetham Soc.) 7, I did also dictate upon every proposition beside the first exposition. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Posie ii, Whether I sing, Or say, or dictate, this is my delight. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 23 My Celestial Patroness who..dictates to me slumbring. 1724Swift Drapier's Lett. Wks. 1755 V. ii. 91 My custom is..to dictate to a prentice, who can write in a feigned hand. 1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. iv. 78 Yet in thy writing as unwearied be, As did the Holy Ghost dictate to thee.
2. trans. To prescribe (a course or object of action); to lay down authoritatively; to order, or command in express terms:
a. of persons.
Not now used of prescribing medicine, as in quot. 1637.
1637Shirley Gamester iii. i, Your learned physician dictates ambergrease. 1699C. Hopkins Crt. Prosp. i. 14 He meditates, and dictates Europe's Fate. 1725Watts Logic ii. v. §6 God can dictate nothing but what is worthy of himself. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 196 ⁋6 He will..dictate axioms to posterity. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. xxxiv. 264 They dictated the conditions of peace. 1838Thirlwall Greece V. xliv. 355 Thus both were decreed..on the terms dictated by Philip. 1891Speaker 2 May 532/2 The Socialist no longer thinks of dictating to society what it ought to be.
b. of things that have acknowledged authority, or that determine action.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. iii. iv. i. ii. (1676) 394/1 Our own conscience doth dictate so much unto us. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxx. 185 The same Law, that dictateth to men..what they ought to do. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxxi, I find his present prosecution dictated by tyranny, cowardice, and revenge. 1781Cowper Truth 513 Of all that Wisdom dictates, this the drift. 1791Burke Corr. (1844) III. 304 Wisdom and religion dictate that we should follow events. 1795S. Rogers Words by Mrs. Siddons 47 Her prudence dictates what her pride disdained. 1819Shelley Cenci v. ii. 96 Which your suspicions dictate to this slave. 1878Huxley Physiogr. Pref., It appeared to me to be plainly dictated by common sense.
3. intr. To use or practise dictation; to lay down the law, give orders.
1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. vii. §8. 125 We have seen how Subjects, nature dictating, have oblig'd themselves..to obey the Supreme Power. 1728Pope Dunc. ii. 377 To cavil, censure, dictate, right or wrong. 1755Young Centaur iii. Wks. 1757 IV. 176 Did this poor, pallid, scarce-animated mass dictate in the cabinet of pleasure? 1807–8W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 55 He is the oracle of the family, dictates to his sisters on every occasion. 1872Geo. Eliot Middlem. ix, A woman dictates before marriage in order that she may have an appetite for submission afterwards.
†4. trans. To express, indicate. Obs. rare.
1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 95 A letter..dictating nothing save hypocrisie and submission. Ibid. 182 Left them with a frowne, dictating their base carriage and my impatience.
Hence dicˈtated, dicˈtating, ppl. adjs.
1611Cotgr., Dicté, dictated, indicted. 1709Steele & Swift Tatler No. 71 ⁋9 You rival your Correspondent Lewis le Grand, and his dictating Academy. 1830Westm. Rev. XII. 3 Under the controlling and dictating power of truth and nature. 1874Tyrwhitt Sketching Club 47, I have worked very hard, and by strict dictated method. |
