| 释义 |
▪ I. grout, n.1|graʊt|
[OE. grút str. fem. (declined as consonant-stem, dative grýt), corresponding to MDu. grute, gruit coarse meal, peeled barley or rye, malt, flavouring for beer, yeast (mod.Du. gruit dregs), MHG. grûȥ masc. and fem., grain, small beer; related to grit n.1, grit n.2, groats.]
1. Coarse meal, peeled grain. In pl. = groats. Now rare.
c725Corpus Gloss. 1619 Pollinis, gruiit [?gruut]. 835Charter in O.E. Texts 448, L ambra maltes, VI ambra gruta, & III weᵹa spices & ceses. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 342 Gif he [wenn] sie men on cneowe oþþe on oþrum lime wyrc clam of surre riᵹenre grut oððe daᵹe. 11..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 549/3 Furfures, gruta. 1601Holland Pliny II. 46 If their stalkes or stemmes bee stamped with drie grout or Barley meale. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia ii. 29 The groutes and peeces of the cornes remaining, by fanning..away the branne, they boyle 3 or 4 houres with water. 1723Pres. State Russia I. 56 Each Farm being taxed a certain Measure of Corn, Grout and Oatmeal. 1744–50W. Ellis Mod. Husbandm. V. i. 129 It [wheat]..kerned only half way, so that it was as thin as grouts. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 441 The making of gruel by mixing the fine oatmeal or grouts into a smooth paste.
2. The infusion of malt before it is fermented, and during the process of fermentation. Also, small beer. Obs. exc. dial.
c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 42 Genim..æᵹes þæt hwite and ealde grut. 1589Tri. Love & Fortune i. (Roxb. Club) 90 The olde wife, when her ale would not come, Thrust a fire brand in the groute. 1593‘Foulface’ Bacchus Bountie C 2 b, Goody Goodale..deliuered to Bacchvs a iack full of groute, or a sack full of hops. 1671Skinner Etym. Ling. Angl., Grout,..Condimentum cerevisiæ, Mustum cerevisiæ. 1674Ray N.C. Words 22 Grout, wort of the last running... Ale before it be fully brewed or sod, new Ale. It signifies also millet. c1700Kennett (Halliw.), In Leicestershire, the liquor with malt infused for ale or beer, before it is fully boiled, is called grout, and before it is tunned up in the vessel is called wort. 1727Vin. Britan. 29 The worst small Beer, if that wretched Stuff called Grout, deserve the name. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 302 When the brewer was satisfied that the grout was properly ripened, he poured it forth into the copper. 1888Sheffield Gloss., Growte, small beer, made after the strong beer is brewed.
†b. App. (= MDu. grute) some plant used as a flavouring for beer before the introduction of hops.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 725/26 Hoc idromellum, growtt. Hoc ciromellum, wort. 14..Voc. ibid. 562/27 Agromellum, growt. c1440Promp. Parv. 217/1 Growte for ale, granomellum. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 772/12 Hoc ciromellum, growte. 1483Cath. Angl. 166/1 Growte, idromellum, agromellum, Acromellum, granomellum. 1530Palsgr. 228/1 Grout that serveth to brewyng, in Fraunce is none used. 1671[see 2].
3. A kind of coarse porridge made from whole meal. ? Obs.[Possibly another word, ad. Norw. graut, Da. grød, Sw. gröt (:—ON. graut-r.] 1587L. Mascall Govt. Cattle (1627) 280 Some doe seethe it with water, and make it thicke like grout. 1692W. King Acc. Denmark 33 The Danes make their so much talkt of grout, that resembles the English Hasty pudding. 1708W. King Art Cookery v, As for Grout it is an old Danish dish. 1710E. Ward Vulgus Brit. xii. 139 These..rave till grown as Piping Hot, As the dull Grout o'er which they sot. 1748F. Smith Voy. Disc. I. 122 Feeding on Grout, which is Oatmeal, boiled to a Thickness, sweetened with Molossus. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) II. i. x. 54 The animal food which our common people eat, is incomparably more strengthening than their fish, cheese, milk, and grout. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Dryden (1839) I. 238 Never was Dutch grout such clogging, thick, indigestible stuff. 1793Wolcot (P. Pindar) Ep. to Pope 4 Wks. 1816 II. 405 France..Knocks the poor growling German o'er the snout, And threatens hard the man of cheese and grout.
4. Sediment; dregs; lees; grounds.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 239 Sweet Honey some condense, some purge the Grout. 1739‘R. Bull’ tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus iii. iv. 222 The Mug may have some sedimental Grout. 1855Dickens Dorrit v, The ceilings were so fantastically clouded by smoke and dust, that old women might have told fortunes in them, better than in grouts of tea. 1870Rossetti Dante at Verona lii, Wherefore should we turn the grout In a drained cup? 1876Mid-Yorksh. Gloss., Grout, sediment of a coarse nature, such as the particles left in a tea-cup.
5. attrib., as (sense 3) grout-pot.
a1734North Lives (1826) II. 342 They..went all hands to the grout-pot and bread-basket.
▪ II. grout, n.2|graʊt|
[Possibly a use of prec.; but cf. F. grouter (16th c.), mod.Limousin patois greuta to grout a wall (Godef.).]
Thin fluid mortar, which is poured into the interstices of masonry and wood-work.
1638Penkethman Artach. G 4 b, For Growt and furning 3d. oq. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §199 Pouring in liquid mortar, commonly called Grout, in so fluid a state, as to run into every cavity and crevice. 1793Sir G. Shuckburgh in Phil. Trans. LXXXIII. 87 note, The bricks of this arch were laid dry, and then grout, consisting of gravel and hot lime, was poured upon them. 1796W. Marshall W. England II. 297 Liquid Coating, of cement poured into the wall, in a state of grout. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 532 Grout,..a cement containing a larger proportion of water than the common mortar. 1839Stonehouse Axholme 22 The powder is..mixed with water to the consistency of that thin mortar which is called grout. 1861Smiles Engineers II. 37 It was..settled to use the finest grout for the intervals between the upright or side joints of the dovetailed part of the work. 1883West. Daily Press 22 Oct., It is built of material resembling concrete or grout.
b. attrib., as grout-floor, grout-work.
1840Howitt Visits Remark. Places Ser. i. 224 The walls are of strong grout-work, about four feet thick. 1884Harper's Mag. LXIX. 437 A casing of stone..covered the rubble and grout work. 1895L. H. Bailey Horticulturist's Rule-bk. (ed. 3) 92 To secure a good grout or cement floor.
▪ III. [grout n.3
Explained as: A kind of wild apple. Error due to misinterpretation of agromelum (quasi agriomelum, Gr. ἀγριόµηλον wild apple), which occurs in glosses as a synonym of idromelum, etc. (see grout n.1 2 b).
1755Johnson, Grout..3. A kind of wild apple (Agriomelum, Latin.) ]
▪ IV. grout, v.1|graʊt|
[f. grout n.2]
trans. To fill up or finish with ‘grout’ or liquid mortar; to cement. Also with in.
1838F. W. Simms Public Wks. Gt. Brit. 60 The whole of the brickwork was well grouted every course. 1840Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. I. iv. 360 These carriers down the slopes are pitched with strong limestone, and grouted with lime and water. 1880J. Lomas Alkali Trade 162 The sole itself must be of 9-in. bricks, laid dry on end, and ‘grouted in’ with a thin mixture of finely ground fireclay and water.
fig.1863W. Phillips Speeches xxiii. 508 It was grouted and dove-tailed into the foundation of the state. 1877Tinsley's Mag. XXI. 29 That self-reliance which makes men, builds up colonies, and cements and ‘grouts in’ the foundations of States.
Hence ˈgrouted ppl. a.
1844Tupper Crock of G. ii. 11 Four bare rubble walls enclosing a grouted floor. 1888C. Kerry in Jrnl. Derbysh. Archæol. Soc. X. 21 A large block of grouted rubble.
▪ V. grout, v.2|graʊt|
[Variant of groot v.]
1. intr. Of a pig: To ‘muzzle’ or turn up the ground with the snout. Also transf. and fig.
a1723D'Urfey Eng. Stage Italianized iv. (1727) 10 A great Herd of Swine, grouting among the Acorns. 1834Beckford Italy II. 365 Wandering flocks of sheep, goats and swine, which rout, and grout, and nibble uncontrolled and unmolested. 1877Blackmore Cripps xlix, A pig or two grouting in the tufted grass. 1907C. E. Ryder Bede Papers xi. 170 Modern science..with pickaxe and spade grouting at the immemorial roots of her tree of life. a1941V. Woolf Captain's Death Bed (1950) 31 He went off..to grout for fossils. 1951N. Annan L. Stephen iv. 136 Jowett..encouraged his undergraduates to grout among the pearls that he cast before them and select whichever they regarded valuable. 1956J. Masters Bugles & Tiger 240 The tribesmen could have walked in anywhere while we grouted around in the soup [i.e. liquid mud] for our rifles and machine-guns.
2. trans. To turn up with the snout.
1877Blackmore Cripps xlix, Here comes that old pig again! If he could only grout up that board.
▪ VI. grout, v.3 U.S.|graʊt|
intr. To grumble, sulk.
1848Lowell Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 111 Ez long 'z the people git their rattle, Wut is there fer 'm to grout about? |
