| 释义 |
denial|dɪˈnaɪəl|
[f. deny v. + -al1 II. 5.]
1. a. The act of saying ‘no’ to a request or to a person who makes a request; refusal of anything asked for or desired.
1528Gardiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. li. 122 To colour the denial of the king's purpose. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xv. (R.), The woman was not weryed with so many repulses and denyals. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. ii. i. 281 Neuer make deniall; I must and will haue Katherine to my wife. 1631Gouge God's Arrows iv. §8. 385 Torture..Deniall of buriall, and other externall crosses. 1736Butler Anal. i. v. 136 Resolution, and the denial of our passions. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) ii. xl, Peremptory orders of denial to all comers whomsoever. 1847Tennyson Princess v. 324 To learn if Ida yet would cede our claim, Or by denial flush her babbling wells With her own peoples life.
b. = self-denial.
1828Webster s.v., A denial of one's self, is a declining of some gratification; restraint of one's appetites or propensities. 1873Miss J. E. A. Brown Thoughts thro' Year 78 The denials of obedience.
2. The asserting (of anything) to be untrue or untenable; contradiction of a statement or allegation as untrue or invalid; also, the denying of the existence or reality of a thing.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 107 Cicero laboureth in his owne purgation, and that any such thing was of him committed, maketh flat denyall. 1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 38 That this is a Mercy..is plain, and frequently past denyall. a1704T. Brown Persius Sat. i. Prol. Wks. 1730 I. 51 Tis true, nor is it worth denial. 1841Myers Cath. Th. iii. xxi. 80 The denial of these difficulties, or the ignoring of them. 1845Whately Logic in Encycl. Metrop. 197/1 The denial of the suppressed premiss..will at once invalidate the argument. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 134 The denial of abstract ideas is the destruction of the mind.
3. Refusal to acknowledge a person or thing as having a certain character or certain claims; a disowning, disavowal.
1590N. T. (L. Tomson) Matt. xxvi. heading, Peters deniall. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvii. 158 All Crimes that contain not in them a denyall of the Soveraign Power. a1716South (J.), Those are the proper scenes, in which we act our confessions or denials of him.
4. Law.
†a. = denier2: see quot.;
b. The opposing by the defendant or accused party of a plea, claim, or charge advanced against him.
1628Coke On Litt. 161 b, Deniall is a disseisin of a Rent Charge, as well as of a Rent secke. 1728Young Love Fame vii, Ev'n denials cost us dear at court. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xx, Of course the charge will be rebutted by a denial. 1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. s.v., Denial in law imports no more than not confessing. It does not amount to a positive assertion of the falsehood of that which is denied.
5. dial. A drawback, disadvantage, detriment, hindrance.
1736Pegge Kenticisms, A denial to a farm; i.e. a prejudice, a drawback, hindrance, or detriment. 1876S. Warwicksh. Gloss., Denial, hindrance, drawback. ‘It's a great denial to him to be shut up in the house so long.’ 1883Hampshire Gloss., Denial, an encumbrance. ‘His children be a great denial to 'un’. Also in Glossaries of Worcestersh., Gloucestersh., Surrey, Sussex, Leicester, Shropshire, Cheshire.
6. Bridge. A bid of another suit in order to show weakness in the suit bid by one's partner.
1916R. F. Foster Auction Bridge for All xxi. 81 Instead of continuing his denial of the major suits, and trusting his partner to protect them..the dealer quit. 1927G. Mott-Smith Contract Bridge viii. 117 A take-out may be a ‘denial’. 1959Listener 5 Mar. 434/3 On each occasion I was told that the answer should have been a denial. 1964Official Encycl. Bridge 122/2 Denial bid, a bid that indicates lack of support for partner's bid (an obsolescent term).
Add:7. Psychoanal. The suppression (usu. at an unconscious level) of a painful or unacceptable wish or of experiences of which one is ashamed. Now also in more general use, esp. in phr. in denial (orig. and chiefly U.S.). Cf. resistance n. 2 b.
1914A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Psychopathol. Everyday Life vii. 149 Certain denials which we encounter in medical practice can probably be ascribed to forgetting. 1927O. Rank in Mental Hygiene XI. 187 Freud is obliged to refer to special mechanisms, in particular the ‘procedure of making a thing as if it had not happened’—a circumlocution by which he avoids using the simpler and more natural terms proposed by others. (For a long time I have used the term ‘Verleugnung’, denial.) 1930W. Healy et al. Structure & Meaning Psychoanalysis vii. 457 On the basis of his theory of ‘denial’, Rank demands that there be an emotional reproduction rather than intellectual recollection... The fact that denial has occurred is, he says, often more important than the content of the corresponding memory. 1950R. P. Bissell Stretch on River xxi. 207 It's a transferral of intent. It's a result of childhood trauma. It's Oedipus denial. 1959Jrnl. Personality XXVII. 364 The opposite syndrome, composed of high Admission, low Denial, and high Anxiety scores describes the other end of the repression continuum. 1979H. Segal Klein x. 127 The denial of his mourning is also apparent in his running away. 1992Village Voice (N.Y.) 8 Apr. 25/1 ‘You're living in denial. Abortion is killing your baby.’ He sounds the prolifers' warning of never-ending guilt, as if morality were mere avoidance of pain. |
