| 释义 |
vaccination|væksɪˈneɪʃən|
[f. vaccine a. Cf. F. vaccination (a 1803), It. vaccinazione (1809), Pg. vaccinação, Sp. vacunacion.]
1. a. The action or practice of inoculating with vaccine matter as a preventative of smallpox.
1800R. Dunning (title), Some observations on vaccination, and the inoculated cow-pox. 1802Rep. Committees, Ho. Commons XIV. 187 Vaccination has justly called forth their particular attention. 1813Examiner 26 April 264/2 Prior to the introduction of vaccination, several hundreds annually died of the small pox. 1846F. Brittan tr. Malgaigne's Man. Oper. Surg. 60 Vaccination comprises the modes of collecting the vaccine, and of inoculating. 1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 178 Small-pox has died out..in exact proportion as efficient vaccination has been generalised.
b. The inoculation of an individual with any vaccine in order to induce or increase immunity. [The use of the term for diseases other than smallpox is due to Pasteur (Trans. 7th Session Internat. Med. Congr. (1881) I. 90).]
1891Nature 3 Sept., To the old dangerous method.., Pasteur had added the less dangerous one of preventive inoculation by means of an attenuated virus, to which he had applied the term vaccination. 1896Lancet 19 Sept. 809/2 These anti-cholera inoculations have served as a pattern for the typhoid vaccinations. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 711 The vaccination [with anti-rabic fluid] is usually made into the subcutaneous connective tissues of the sheep. 1955Sci. Amer. Apr. 44/3 Tests show that antibody persists for an appreciable time after vaccination with the killed-virus vaccine. 1978T. R. Bowry Immunol. Simplified iv. 14 Cholera vaccination is still required for travel to a few countries.
2. attrib., as vaccination act, vaccination defaulter, vaccination law, vaccination mark, vaccination officer, vaccination scar, etc.
1867Chambers's Encycl. IX. 690/1 In 1841, the Vaccination Act was passed. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 28 To make the vaccination law more stringent. Ibid. 30 To certify to the vaccination officer the fact of vaccination. 1897Daily News 18 Sept. 3/3 Inflicting repeated penalties on vaccination defaulters. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 627 Any case of cancer affecting the vaccination scar. 1899A. E. Housman in Univ. College Gaz. 22 Mar. 34/2 Vain his laced boots, and vain his eyebrow dark, And vain, ah! vain, his vaccination mark. 1914D. H. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd iii. 92 And such arms on 'im! Look at the vaccination marks, Lizzie. 1983N.Y. Times 20 Mar. 13/1 Her face was as powdered and pitted as the vaccination mark on her arm.
Hence vacciˈnationist, a believer in the efficacy of vaccination.
1885Pall Mall G. 24 Mar. 2/1 This and similar allegations form the sheet-anchor of the vaccinationist. |
