| 释义 |
‖ scutum|ˈskjuːtəm|
Pl. scuta |ˈskjuːtə|.
[mod.L. use of L. scūtum shield, f. Indogermanic root *skū̆- (:*skeu-) to cover, whence sky n.
The L. scūtum denoted specifically the large oblong shield, in contradistinction to the clipeus or buckler.
In mod. anatomical Latin the word was formerly used as a name for the knee-cap and for the thyroid cartilage.]
1. Bot. ‘The broad dilated stigma in some asclepiads’ (Treas. Bot. 1866).
1832Lindley Introd. Bot. i. ii. 122 The circular space in the middle of the top of the orbiculus is the scutum.
2. Ent. The second segment of each of the three divisions of the tergum in insects.
The scuta respectively of the pronotum, mesonotum, and metanotum are called proscutum, mesoscutum, and metascutum. The term scutum alone sometimes = mesoscutum.
1830MacLeay in Zool. Jrnl. V. 169 The scutum, whether the collar be apparent or not, is therefore the second piece of the mesothorax. 1833F. Walker in Entomol. Mag. I. 26 A yellow line extends along the suture [of Decatoma biguttata], between the scutum and the parapsides of the mesothorax.
3. Zool. A shield-like dermal plate; a scute.
1771[see scutella]. 1870H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. lxiv. (1875) 482 [The true Lizards and the Monitors] are chiefly separated by the..fact that the abdomen and head are covered with ordinary scales, and not with large ‘scuta’. Ibid. Gloss., Scuta, applied to any shield-like plates; especially to those which are developed in the integument of many reptiles.
Add:4. Astron. (With capital initial.) A small constellation of the southern hemisphere, lying between Aquila and Serpens.
Originally named Scutum Sobiescianum by J. Hevelius (a 1687, in Prodromus Astronomiæ (1690) viii. 115), after John III Sobieski (1629–96), king of Poland; this was later changed to Scutum Sobieski(i).
[a1719J. Flamsteed Historia Coelestis Britannica (1725) III. 58 In Constellatione Aquilæ..quæ est J. Hevel. Scuti 2a.] 1773Encycl. Brit. I. 487/2 (table) Scutum Sobieski. 1875Ibid. II. 817/1 (table) Scutum Sobieskii. 1890G. F. Chambers Handbk. Astron. (ed. 4) III. xiv. viii. 221 This constellation is sometimes called Clypeus Sobieskii, but Scutum simply is now its more usual designation. 1930C. H. Payne Stars of High Luminosity vii. 89 The discontinuity noted by Krieger in the direction of the Scutum cloud would, if substantiated, strengthen the case for separate groups materially. 1961Listener 7 Dec. 977/1 Systems such as the Sword-Handle in Perseus and the aptly named ‘Wild Duck’ cluster in Scutum. |
