| 释义 |
▪ I. reed, n.1|riːd|
Forms: 1 hréod, (h)réad, 2–5 reod, (3 rode, ræode), 3–6 rede, (4 riede, 6 ride), 4–5 red, (4 rued, rehed, 5–6 reid), 4–7 reede, 6– reed.
[Common W. Germ.: OE. hréod = OFris. (h)reid, OS. hriad-, OLG. ried (MLG. riet, mod.LG. rêd, rêt; MDu. ried-, riet, Du. riet), OHG. (h)riot (MHG., mod.G. riet):—OTeut. *hreuđom, not traceable in the cognate languages.
An early form of the word is preserved in the place-name Hreutford or Hreudford ‘id est vadum harundinis’ in Bæda's Eccl. Hist. iv. xvi.]
I.
1. a. One of the tall straight stalks or stems formed by plants of the genera Phragmites and Arundo (see 4 and 5); † also, a cane.
c725Corpus Gloss. 1007 Harundo, canna, hreod. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke vii. 24 Forhuon foerdon ᵹie on woestern, ᵹesea hread..from wind ᵹecerred? c1000ælfric Hom. II. 252 [Hi] for cyne-ᵹyrde him hreod forᵹeafon. c1160Hatton Gosp. Matt. xxvii. 30 [Hi] namen reod ænd beoton hys heafod. c1265Voc. Names Pl. in Wr.-Wülcker 556/42 Arundo, rosel, reod. 13..K. Alis. 6433 A reod they putteth in heore mouth And they sowketh by the reod. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxi. 95 Beside þat logh growez redez of a wonderfull lenth... Of þir redez þai make þare houses. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop iv. xx, A reed whiche was at his foote bowed hym self as moche as the wynd wold. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. vii. 6 A little cottage, built of stickes and reeds In homely wize. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 213 This Iland yeeldeth Canes or Reedes of sugar. 1671Milton P.R. ii. 26 By a Creek: Where winds with Reeds, and Osiers whisp'ring play. 1756Nugent Gr. Tour, Italy III. 304 The common habitations..are mostly huts made of reeds. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) VII. 255 The reeds [for a fire-ship] are made up in small bundles of about a foot in circumference. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 215 Reeds are used instead of laths in some parts of the country. 1877Bryant Odyss. v. 557 He, meanwhile, Withdrawing from the brink, lay down among The reeds.
b. fig. and in fig. context.
c1450tr. De Imitatione ii. vii. 47 Truste not ner leene not upon a windy rede. 1562A. Bernher Ep. Ded. Latimer's Serm. A iv b, He was contented rather to be cast into the Tower..then to be found a wauering reede. c1593T. Deloney Garland of Goodwill (1631) iii. sig. B1, But senselesse man, what de I meane, Upon a broken reede to leane. 1611Bible Isa. xxxvi. 6 Loe, thou trustest in the staffe of this broken reede, on Egypt. 1617J. Chamberlain Let. 20 Dec. (1939) II. 123 Yf you trusted to him you trusted to a rotten reede who wold have failed you in the end. 1621House of Lords Jrnls. 30 Apr. 101/1 Their lordships..reported, That they..demanded of his lordship [sc. F. Bacon] whether it were his Hand..who answered ‘My lords, it is my Act, my Hand.. I beseech your Lordships, be merciful unto a broken Reed.’ 1657Penit. Conf. vii. 152 Penitents are taught more to rely upon that reed and arm of flesh. 1757Smollett Reprisal i. i. 7 You lean upon a broken reed if you trust to their compassion. 1810Scott Lady of L. v. xi, I only meant To show the reed on which you leant. 1821Byron Sardan. v. i. 135 The last frail reed of our beleaguer'd hopes. 1893Baily's Mag. Oct. 271/1 The reeds on which they depended were Ravensbury and Self Sacrifice. 1926R. H. Tawney Relig. & Rise of Capitalism ii. 108 Human efforts, social institutions, the world of culture, are at best irrelevant to salvation, and at worst mischievous. They distract man from the true aim of his existence and encourage reliance upon broken reeds. 1961I. Murdoch Severed Head xiii. 118 A nervous shrinking which was not exactly dislike made me hesitate to probe the motives of such a being. Therewith some vague yet powerful train of thought led me to say, ‘I'm a broken reed after all.’ 1973Times Lit. Suppl. 23 Mar. 311/3 The history of the opposition shows what bruised reeds the generals were.
2. collect. Reeds (as plants); a growth or bed of reeds.
a800Erfurt Gloss. 290 Carectum, hreod. a900tr. Bæda's Hist. iii. xvii. [xxiii.] (1890) 230 In þæm cleofun..wære upyrnende grownes hreodes & rixa. c1205Lay. 20170 Hundes in þan reode mid reouðe hine imeteð. Ibid. 21741 Þat is a seolcuð mere..mid fenne & mid ræode. 13..K. Alis. 5064 The water was ful of longe reede. 1481Caxton Godfrey xxix. 63 A fewe of them that withdrewe them in to the mareys and hydde them in the reed. 1560Bible (Genev.) Job xl. 21 [16] Lyeth he vnder the shady trees in the couert of the rede and fennes? 1579–80North Plutarch (1595) 469 He..couered him with a great deale of reede and bent. 1865Kingsley Herew. xxxi, The morass to right and left, which had been a minute before deep reed.
b. Reeds employed for firing or thatching, or used as lath for plastering upon.
1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 368 They fyryd the gates, and after forced the fyre with rede and drye wood. 1556–7in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 455 Y⊇ reede over the cloyster and y⊇ gystes of the same. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 277 He..set the houses like streetes, and couered them with Reede and Broome. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 10 Thay Reid for wod use..to thair fyre. 1669E. Byland in St. Papers, Dom. 151, I have fetched a boat-load of reed from Ham Creek. 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 260 They Thatch with Reed instead of Straw... Reed is sold by the Thousand, viz. A Thousand handfuls.
c. transf. Wheat-straw prepared for thatching.
1415–16Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 612 Item in tectura straminea vocat. rede empt. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §27 All the wheate-strawe that they pourpose to make thacke of, they..cutte of the eares, and bynde it in sheues, and call it rede. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 329 Reed, is..Straw bound up for thatching, by some called Helm. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVI. 36/2 Reed, a term used in the west of England for the straw used by thatchers, which is wheat straw finely combed. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 74 The Somersetshire-reed; which is nothing more than the strongest wheat-straw which can be met with [etc.]. 1848Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IX. ii. 465 A large proportion of the wheat-straw is made into reed for thatching.
3. Without article, as a material. † Also in reed, as or like a reed.
a1240Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 207 Ich bide þe..bi þe þornene crununge, bi ðe kineȝerde of rode. 1388Wyclif 2 Kings xviii. 21 Whether thou hopist in a staf of rehed and broken Egipt. 1535Coverdale 2 Kings xviii. 21 Beholde puttest thou thy trust in this broken staffe of reed, in Egipte? 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. xvi. 257 It is a graine, as he saies, that growes in reede, and covers it selfe with a leafe. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 519 Part incentive reed Provide, pernicious with one touch to fire. 1866Livingstone Last Jrnls. (1873) I. vi. 158 A flake of reed is often used in surgical operations by the natives.
4. With the, as the distinctive name of the class of plants forming the genera Phragmites and Arundo, having a firm stem and growing in water or marshy ground; esp. the common species Phragmites communis, abundant in Britain and on the Continent; † also, the sugar-cane.
1382Wyclif Isa. xix. 6 The reed and the resshe shal welewen. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 321 Up stood the cornie Reed Embattell'd in her field. 1672W. Hughes Amer. Phys. 29 Of the Juyce of this Reed or Cane is made Sugar. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 57/2 The Reed is between an Herb and a Tree. 1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xiii. (1794) 142 The woollyness of the flowers in the Reed will shew you this genus as soon as it unfolds its panicle. 1850Tennyson In Mem. ciii, We glided winding under ranks Of iris, and the golden reed.
5. With distinctive epithets, denoting various species of reeds, or plants resembling these.
aromatic reed (see calamus 2). Dutch reed = Dutch rush (see Dutch A. 3 c). great reed, a reed of the genus Arundo, esp. A. donax. Indian reed, canna. small reed, a grass of the genus Calamagrostis (or Deyeuxia). Also bur, canary, paper, sea, trumpet, water, wood reed: see these ns.
1597Gerarde Herbal i. v. 6 Wilde Reede.., called also Calamogrostis, is far lesser [1633 bigger] than Couch grasse, or Dogs grasse. Ibid. xxvi. 36 Harundo florida: in English the Flowring Reede. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Calame, Calame aromat, the sweet Arabian reed, or cane, tearmed Calamus odoratus, or the Aromaticall reed. 1613J. Dennys Secrets Angling i. B 2, Shutes as are..In shape and beautie like the Belgicke Reed. 1640Parkinson Herbal 1629 Cannæ Indicæ..Indian Reede staves. 1733Miller Gard. Dict. (ed. 2) s.v. Cannacorus, The Indian Reed. 1739Ibid. II. s.v. Arundo, The species..are the common Reed, the large manured Reed,..the variegated Reed, the Bambu Cane,..and Dark red reed. 1743James Med. Dict., Arundo Donax,..the Great Reed. Ibid., Calamus odoratus, Aromatic Reed. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) II. 384/1 The debax, or manured reed, is a native of warm countries. 1842R. Parnell Grasses Scot. 37 Calamagrostis stricta. Small Close Reed. 1859Miss Pratt Brit. Grasses & Sedges 67–8 Calamagrostis lanceolata. Purple-Flowered Small-reed. Calamagrostis stricta. Narrow Small-reed.
II.
6. a. A reed used as a dart or arrow; hence poet. an arrow.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 30 Aue, rabby! quod that ribaud, and threw redes [v.r. reodes] at hym. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 77 Þe childe losed and schette, and hitte þe charbuncle stoon wiþ a reed. a1709Prior To a Lady 31 With cruel Skill the backward Reed He sent, and, as he fled, he slew. 1791Cowper Iliad iv. 146 Whizz'd the bowstring, and the reed Leap'd off. 1813Scott Trierm. ii. x, The frantic steed rush'd up the dell, As whistles from the bow the reed. 1830Tennyson Poet 13 The viewless arrows of his thoughts..Like Indian reeds blown from his silver tongue.
b. In Biblical use (rendering L. calamus and arundo, Gr. κάλαµος, Heb. qāneh): A reed employed as a measuring-rod; hence, a Jewish measure of length (also called Ezekiel's reed), equal to six cubits.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints vi. (Thomas) 201 Thomas..tuk a lange red in his hand as man of craft þat vare cunnand. 1388Wyclif Ezek. xlii. 16 He mat..with the rehed of mesure bi cumpas fyue hundrid rehedis. ― Rev. xxi. 15 And he..hadde a golden mesure of a reed. [Also in Tyndale, Coverdale, etc.] 1611Bible Ezek. xlii. 16 He measured the East side with the measuring reede, fiue hundreth reedes. 1858Longfellow M. Standish iv. 9 Over its turrets uplifted Glimmered the golden reed of the angel who measured the city. 1863W. L. Bevan in W. Smith Dict. Bible III. 1736/2 With the exception of the notice that the reed equals six cubits (Ezek. xl. 5), we have no intimation that the measures were combined in anything like a scale.
†c. pl. Papyrus. Obs. rare—1.
1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. ii. vi. (1895) 219 Where as before they wrote onelye in skynnes, in barkes of tryes, and in rides, now they haue attempted to make paper and to imprint letters.
7. a. A reed made into a rustic musical pipe. Also applied to the hollow stems of other plants used for the same purpose, esp. oaten reed.
c1384Chaucer H. Fame iii. 131 That craftely begunne to pipe Bothe in doucet and in riede. 1390Gower Conf. II. 162 He the ferste..Was which the melodie fond Of Riedes,..With double pipes forto pipe. 1530Palsgr. 261/1 Rede to playe or pype with, anche. 1634Milton Comus 345 Might we but hear The..sound of pastoral reed with oaten stops. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. v. 2 Since my Voice can match your tuneful Reed. 1805Scott Last Minstr. iv. i, As if thy waves..Had only heard the shepherd's reed, Nor started at the bugle-horn. 1878B. Taylor Deukalion i. i. 18 To the musical reeds and the glasses.., farewell.
b. fig. as the symbol of rustic or pastoral poetry.
1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 1, I that in old season wyth reeds oten harmonye whistled My rural sonnet. 1721Ramsay Petit. Whin-bush Club ii, Etling wi' spite to rive my reed, And give my muse a fa'. 1783Burns Poor Mailie viii, Come, join the melancholious croon O' Robin's reed! 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 105 Sweetest of subjects are ye for my reed. 1867Whittier Tent on Beach 86 Making his rustic reed of song A weapon in the war with wrong.
8. A part of various musical instruments.
a. In the oboe and bassoon: A part of the mouth-piece, consisting of two slightly concave wedge-shaped pieces of reed or cane fixed face to face on the end of a metal tube, and producing a musical sound by vibration when the instrument is blown into. Also, a similar device fixed in the chanter of a bagpipe. (Now freq. called a double reed in distinction to c: also, with hyphen, attrib.)
1530Palsgr. 261/2 Rede of a weyght the instrument, anche. 1727Boyer Dict. Royal I, Anche,..the Reed of a Hoboy, or some other Wind-Instrument of Musick. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Bagpipe, The third [pipe] has a reed, and is played on by compressing the bag under the arm. Ibid., Hautboy or Hoboy, a sort of musical instrument of the wind kind, with a reed to blow or play it withal. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) VIII. 342/1 It [the oboe] spreads and widens towards the bottom, and is sounded through a reed. 1835Penny Cycl. IV. 10/1 It [the bassoon] consists of..a brass craned neck in which the reed is inserted. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 137/2 Double reed,..the vibrating reed of instruments of the oboe class. 1879W. H. Stone in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 123/2 The chaunter reed is..made of two approximated edges of cane tied together, and is thus essentially a double reed, like that of the oboe or bassoon. 1879Grove Dict. Mus. I. 151/2 Bassoon.., a wooden double-reed instrument of eight-foot tone. 1931G. Jacob Orchestral Technique iii. 26 The bassoon also agrees well with its double-reed cousin the oboe. 1961A. C. Baines Musical Instruments ix. 233 The European shawm reed is of harder material prepared like all Western double reeds by folding over a strip of seasoned cane, shaping and binding the ends together, and paring down and finally separating the tip. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIX. 848/1 The human voice..may be classified as a double-reed aerophone in which the vocal chords act as a double reed.
b. (a) In the organ: A small metal tube fixed at the lower end of a pipe, having a longitudinal opening covered or closed by a metal tongue, which is made to vibrate by the air entering the tube. free reed (see quot. 1855 and cf. note to c). (b) In a bagpipe drone: A piece of hollow reed, closed at one end by a joint, and having a tongue made on one side by splitting from a cross-cut near the joint backwards in the direction of the open end.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Organ, A reed-pipe consists of a foot.., which carries the wind into the shallot, or reed.., which is a hollow demi-cylinder [etc.]. 1855Hopkins Organ xviii. 93 The reed is a small cylindrical tube of brass... In the front of the reed, an opening is left, running lengthways, presenting an appearance as though a portion of the reed had been cut away, at which the wind enters. Ibid. 95 A third kind of reed is used on the continent, called the free-reed. In this variety..the tongue,..instead of striking on the edges of the reed, is impelled into the opening by the wind. 1879W. H. Stone in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 123/2 The drone reeds..somewhat resemble the reed in organ pipes, the loose flap of cane replacing the tongue, the uncut part the tube or reed proper.
c. (a) A metal tongue used to produce sound by vibration, esp. that used in an organ-pipe; (b) a slip of cane used for the same purpose, as in the clarinet. (Sometimes called single reed, in distinction to a.)
beating reed or striking reed, one which strikes against its seat; in the organ, against the edges of the opening in the tube. free reed, one which produces sound by vibration only, esp. one which vibrates in the opening of a tube without touching the edges, as in instruments of the reed-organ type.
1811Busby Dict. Mus. (ed. 3), Reed,..the name given by organ-builders to a kind of tongue, consisting of a thin narrow plate of brass [etc.]. 1837Penny Cycl. VII. 234/2 Clarinet, a musical instrument made of wood,..having a fixed mouth-piece containing a reed. 1867Tyndall Sound v. 193 The metal reed commonly employed in organ-pipes. 1879W. H. Stone in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 361/1 The clarinet consists essentially of a mouth-piece furnished with a single beating reed [etc.]. 1889D. J. Blaikley in Proc. Mus. Assoc. 152 The reed of a Dobell's fog-horn..is as truly a reed in its action as the most delicate reed of the clarinet.
d. A reed-instrument. double reed: see sense 8 a.
1838C. Fox Jrnl. 5 June (1972) 50 Professor Wheatstone..then played the Chinese reed, one of the earliest instruments constructed. 1871H. Calderwood Let. 23 June in Calderwood & Woodside Life H. Calderwood (1900) 216 The orchestra mostly reeds and strings. 1877G. B. Shaw How to become Musical Critic (1960) 26 The strings and reeds were a little better than usual. 1879W. H. Stone in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 151/2 Some of the older forms..possess a contrivance which does not exist at the present day on any reed. Ibid. 153/2 The curious dialogue..between strings and reeds. 1926Whiteman & McBride Jazz ix. 199 In the double reeds, I am planning to add a bassoon. 1939Joyce Finnegans Wake (1964) 408 Brass and reeds, brace and ready! 1959‘F. Newton’ Jazz Scene vi. 107 Three trumpets, three trombones, four reeds, piano. 1961J. A. MacGillivray in A. Baines Musical Instruments x. 244 The clarinet..marked (like the oboe among the double reeds) the arrival of the fully lip-controlled instrument. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIX. 855/1 Shawms were a particularly important family of loud double reeds. 1975New Yorker 19 May 6/3 Joe Muranyi on reeds, and Bobby Pratt on trombone.
9.
†a. A piece of reed on which yarn is wound; a bobbin, spool. Obs. rare.
1530Palsgr. 261/2 Rede to wynde yarne on or suche lyke, tuyau. 1721Ramsay Elegy Patie Birnie Prol. note, The pirn, or little hollow reed which holds the yarn in the shuttle.
b. Mining. A tube containing the powder-train for igniting the charge in blasting.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1903/2.
10. a. A weaver's instrument for separating the threads of the warp and beating up the weft, formerly made of thin strips of reed or cane, but now of metal wires, fastened by the ends into two parallel bars of wood. fly reed: see fly n.2 8.
1611Cotgr., Lame,..the reed, or slay of a weuers loome. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 107/2 Reed,..like the Barrs of a Grate through which the Warp or Yarn runs. 1714Fr. Bk. of Rates 188 The Combs, Reeds, and other Parts of the Loom. 1789E. Darwin Bot. Gard. ii. (1791) 56 Quick beat the reeds, the pedals fall and rise. 1825Nicholson Operat. Mech. 412 The reed..has one or two threads of the warp passed between each of its wires, which wires are termed dents. 1894Labour Commission Gloss. s.v., Reeds are reckoned by the number of interstices per inch, thus, a 64 reed has 64 interstices to the inch.
b. A make of cloth, as distinguished by the number of threads which go to an inch of the reed.
1881Manch. Guard. 18 Jan., Printing cloth of all kinds is also very steady, especially 72 reeds. 1888Daily News 27 Aug. 7/2 Printers of medium reeds have been in better request.
11. A comb used in the making of tapestry for pressing down the threads of the weft, so as to produce a close surface.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Tapestry, The reed or comb is..of wood, eight or nine inches long, and an inch thick at the back. Ibid., The silk or wool being placed, he beats it with his reed or comb. 1842Penny Cycl. XXIV. 46/1 The thread of woof or shoot thus inserted is finally driven close up..by means of a reed or comb formed of box-wood or ivory.
12. One of a set of small semicylindrical mouldings, resembling a number of reeds laid beside each other. reed-and-tie, used of a style resembling reeds bound together. (Cf. reeding vbl. n. 2.)
1745Pococke Descr. East II. ii. iii. x. 169 The lower part filled with cablins of reeds, is of one stone, and the upper part of another. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 161 When a piece of wood is formed into two or more semi-cylinders, touching each other, the semi-cylinders are called Reeds. 1842Gwilt Archit. §2129 A repetition of equal semicylindrical mouldings, springing from a plane or cylindrical surface, is called reeds. 1875T. Seaton Man. Fret Cutting & Wood Carving vi. 68 Make a little reed round the uncarved or T part of the bracket and the support... This will form a neat reed, and give a pretty finish to your work. 1960H. Hayward Antique Coll. 235/1 Reed-and-tie moulding, an ornament composed of contiguous parallel convex mouldings bound together by straps simulating ribbons. 1971Country Life 1 Apr. 766/1 The grandiloquence of Louis XVI's France, with heavy reed-and-tie borders..also had a place at fashionable West-End silversmiths.
13. attrib. and Comb.
a. Simple attrib., as reed-bank, reed blade, reed boat, reed bush, reed case, reed fence, reed ground, reed land, reed marsh, reed pen, reed pit, reed plot, reed seed, reed sheaf, reed spire, reed stem, reed-swamp, reed top, reed whisper, reed-whistle, etc.; (sense 8) reed action, reed cap, reed instrument, reed register, reed section; (sense 10) as reed hook, reed-motion, reed space, reed-split. Also similative, as reed-green; reed-like adj.
1889D. J. Blaikley in Proc. Mus. Assoc. 152 The manner of *reed action has been the subject of much mathematical investigation.
1589Rider Bibl. Scholast., A *reede banke, or place where reeds growe, arundinetum, cannetum.
1827Clare Sheph. Cal. 147 Lapping up love-knot plaits..With broad green *reed-blades. 1894Meredith Ld. Ormont xxv, The bordering flags amid the reed-blades dipped and streamed.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 377/1 The catamaran and the *reed boat were known to the Peruvians. 1977Time 28 Nov. 60/1 Now Heyerdahl is about to take a reed boat down the Tigris River.
1535Coverdale Isa. ix. 18 As it were out of a fyere in a wod or a *redebush.
1964S. Marcuse Musical Instruments 441/1 *Reed cap, a small wooden cap with a blowhole on top; it enclosed the reed of some 16th-c. double-reed instrs. 1976Reed-cap [see rauschpfeife].
1886R. F. Burton Arab. Nts. (abr. ed.) I. 115, I..took the *reed-case and reed; and wrote.
1807Crabbe Par. Reg. i. 148 The *reed-fence rises round some fav'rite spot.
1894Daily News 28 Apr. 6/4 There is a considerable demand for a soft tint of *reed-green.
1629Drayner Conf. (1647) B j, If the water be drayned, and the cold moisture removed from the root of *Reed-ground.
1910L. Hooper Hand-Loom Weaving (1920) 328 *Reed hook, hook for entering reed. 1914H. Nisbet Preliminary Operations of Weaving I. ix. 359 The reacher, with the right hand, then proceeds to select the warp threads from a bunch held in the left hand, and delivers them in consecutive rotation to a reed-hook which is inserted through successive eyes of the harness by the drawer-in. 1957Simpson & Weir Weaver's Craft (ed. 8) viii. 97 (caption) Reed hooks.
1867Tyndall Sound v. 195 The most perfect of *reed instruments is the organ of voice. 1876tr. Blaserna's Sound i. 20 The clarionet, the oböe and all the trumpet class, are reed instruments.
1769St. James's Chron. 10–11 Aug. 2/2 Several Parcels of *Reed-land, lying before..the March Walls.
1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. i. Vocation 358 With *Reed-like Lance, and with a Blunted blade. 1829Loudon Encycl. Plants 58 Reed-like Canary-grass.
1766J. Bartram Jrnl. 7 Jan. in W. Stork Acc. E. Florida 26 Being generally good *reed-marsh and some cypress-swamps.
1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile iii. 63 Scrawling upon it in rude Arabic characters with a *reed-pen of his own making.
c1440Promp. Parv. 426/1 *Reed pytte, or fenne, cannetum, arundinetum.
1611Cotgr., Caneliere, a *Reed-plot; a ground thats full, or set full, of reeds.
1852Seidel Organ 20 Even in the course of the sixteenth century some of the *reed-registers were invented.
1939D. Baker Young Man with Horn iii. i. 117 Rick..started setting chairs together the way they should go, in threes: *reed section, brass section, rhythm section, and the extras one on top of another. 1975New Yorker 21 Apr. 8/3 Billy Harper, a young and very exciting tenor saxophonist..steams up the reed section of the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis band.
1830J. D. Hoy in Loudon Mag. Nat. Hist. III. 329 Their food is not entirely the *reed seed.
1810in W. Marshall Rev. Rep. Agric., N. Som. II. 515 note, The sheaves thus prepared are called *reed-sheaves. 1874T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd xxxvii, You can bring up some reed-sheaves to me, one by one.
1919Brit. Manufacturer Nov. 35/2 Wide hand looms of high *reedspace scarcely require more effort than those for narrower weaving.
1585Higins tr. Junius' Nomencl. 117 Arundinum oculi, vel bulbi,..*Reede spier.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1903/1 Two threads of yarn pass between each of the *reed-splits or dents.
1843Zoologist I. 97 Shell-snails..covering the lower part of the *reed-stems.
1971Nature 11 June 364/2 Here the invasion of *reedswamp from the north and west was incomplete. 1975J. G. Evans Environment Early Man Brit. Isles iii. 58 The vegetation..passes through a variety of stages—reed swamp, carr..and raised bog.
1830Tennyson Dying Swan 10 Ever the weary wind went on, And took the *reed-tops as it went.
a1835Mrs. Hemans Elysium, Low *reed-whispers, making sweet reply.
1864J. A. Grant Walk across Afr. xi. 245 On his arm he carried a *reed-whistle three inches long, but it seemed to be more for ornament than use. 1962R. P. Jhabvala Get Ready for Battle ii. 101 A toyman with toys stuck on the end of a long pole.., blowing on a reed-whistle.
b. Objective or objective genitive, as reed-cutter, reed-drawer, reed-maker; reed-burning, reed-cutting, reed-drawing, reed-making, reed-rustling.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Bruscar, to heate a ships side with *reede burning.
1829in Loudon Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 222 The *reed-cutters having even then commenced their operations. 1974Country Life 3 Oct. 922/1 In winter..the reed cutters took the harvest that served for thatch all over Britain.
1973R. Adams Watership Down xxxiii. 260 The ‘boat’ was a miniature punt, used for *reed-cutting.
1891T. Hardy Tess xliii, Noted *reed-drawers were they too.
1874Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. vi. 74 Oak seized the cut ends of the sheaves, as if he were going to engage in the operation of ‘*reed-drawing’. 1891T. Hardy Tess xliii, Reed-drawing is fearful hard work. 1946N. Wymer Eng. Country Crafts v. 50 The preparation of the straw—variously known as yelming, reed-drawing, or gabbling—consists of removing all unsuitable pieces and arranging the strands level.
1639Canterb. Marriage Licences (MS.), Peter Beiseu of All Saints', Canterbury, *reedmaker. 1885Census Instruct. 43 Reed Maker.
1854Mrs. Gaskell North & S. xii, I shall be glad to procure her admission to print-works, or *reed-making. 1884Blakelee Industr. Cycl. 342/1 marg., Reed-making Machine.
1797Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. (1851) IV. 45 The *reed-rustling breeze.
c. Instrumental and parasynthetic, as reed-bordered, reed-bottomed, reed capped, reed-choked, reed-clad, reed-compacted, reed-crowned, reed-encumbered, reed-fringed, reed-grown, reed-roofed, reed-stemmed, reed-throated.
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 192 A *reed-bordered lagoon.
1835C. Mathews Let. 7 Feb. in A. Mathews Mem. Charles Mathews (1839) IV. 343 Then behold six *reed-bottomed, ragged, ricketty chairs.
1977Early Music July 342/2 A rauschpfeife, a relatively easy (i.e. non-embouchure) instrument, presumably derived from a *reed-capped bagpipe chanter.
1952V. Canning House of Seven Flies viii. 125 The narrow, *reed-choked mouth of an old cut.
1850R. G. Cumming Hunter's Life S. Afr. (1902) 63/2 The *reed-clad margin of the western branch of the stream.
1777Potter æschylus, Prom. Bd. 36 Hoarse sounds the *reed-compacted pipe.
a1608Sylvester Hymn to St. Lewis 181 This River makes the *Reed crown'd banks to kiss, By th' arched favour of a Bridge. 1744Mason Musæus 32 His reed-crown'd locks shall shake. a1835Mrs. Hemans Last Constantine iv, The shore Of the reed-crown'd Eurotas.
1892W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen iii. 55 Leave marshes and the *reed-encumbered pools.
1906A. B. Cooper Flood-Tides 4 By wold and wilderness, by *reed-fring'd lake. 1952V. Canning House of Seven Flies viii. 124 Flat, reed-fringed islands.
1887Westm. Rev. June 338 These semi-stagnant, *reed-grown meres.
c1820S. Rogers Italy (1839) 167 A *reed-roofed cabin by a river-side.
1942W. Faulkner Go down, Moses 266 She held a *reed-stemmed clay pipe but she was not smoking it.
1914W. B. Yeats Responsibilities 76 From that *reed-throated whisperer Who comes at need.
14. Special combs., as reed-babbler, the reed-warbler; reed back, the wooden bars of a weaving-reed; reed bat = reed legget below; † reed-beere, a reed-bed; reed bent-grass, small reed, Calamagrostis; reed-buck, the rietbok, or other antelope frequenting reeds; reed canary-grass, canary-reed, Phalaris arundinacea; reed fescue, slender wheat-grass, Festuca sylvatica; reed-flush (see quot.); reed-horn, (a) a fog-horn in which the sound is produced by a current of air blowing on a reed (sense 8 c); (b) slang, a saxophone; reed-knife, a knife-like instrument used in tuning a reed-organ; reed legget = legget; reed-machine, a machine for making weaving-reeds; reed-man, (a) a player of a reed instrument; (b) one who works with reeds; reed-mark (see quots.); reed-marked a., of cloth, having the warp threads lying unevenly; reed meadow-grass, a tall coarse grass, Poa or Glyceria aquatica; reed moth, a European moth, Macrogaster arundinis; reed-organ, a musical instrument of the organ type in which the sounds are produced by means of reeds; reed-pheasant, the bearded titmouse; reed-plane, a reeding-plane (Knight 1875); reed-press, a press for straw which is to be made into reed; reed-rand (or -rond) (see quots.); reed relay Electr., a small, high-speed, switching device consisting of a pair of contacts, enclosed in a glass tube, which can be brought together by an external magnetic field; reed-roll (see quot.); † reed sedge, ? reeds; reed-stop, an organ-stop composed of reed-pipes; reed-thrush = reed-warbler b; reed-tree (see calamodendron); reed voice, a reedy or squeaking voice; † reed-yard, a sceptre of reed. Also reed-bed, -bird, etc.
1840Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 191 The Sedge Babbler..is also a common summer visitant in Britain, more generally distributed than the *Reed Babbler (Sylvia arundinacea).
1895*Reed back [see reed-machine below].
1969*Reed bat [see legget].
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 388/1 Arundinetum,..a place where reedes grow: a *reedebeere.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 179 Horses feed with avidity and thrive to fatness on the agrostis arundinacea, or *reed bent-grass. 1860Darlington Amer. Weeds, etc. 376 Calamagrostis. Reed Bent-Grass.
1834Penny Cycl. II. 79/2 The reitbok..or *reedbuck, so called from its habit of frequenting the reedy banks and beds of dry water-courses. 1893F. C. Selous Trav. S.E. Africa 160 A reed-buck, with a fine head, jumped out of the long grass.
1759B. Stillingfl. Misc. Tracts (1791) 182 The *reed canary grass serves for thatching houses. 1860Darlington Amer. Weeds, etc. 400 P. arundinacea..Reed-like Phalaris. Reed Canary Grass.
1859Miss Pratt Brit. Grasses & Sedges 103 *Reed Fescue,..its stem is from 2–4 feet high..the leaves are long, and of somewhat yellowish green.
1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 490/2 Reeds are generally struck on the panel in the direction of the grain, and laid in on the panel across it, or along the ends; this is termed *reed-flush.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXX. 266/2 At the Trinity House experiments with fog signals at St. Catherine's (1901) several types of *reed-horn were experimented with. 1936Metronome Feb. 61/2 Reed horn, sax.
1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 339/2 An organ is tuned by means of hollow cones and *reed-knives.
1961Thatcher's Craft (Rural Industries Bureau) vii. 205/1 (caption) Norfolk *reed leggett used for dressing reed into position.
1895R. Marsden Cotton Weaving iv. 106 The *reed machine is furnished with the parts of the machine termed the reed back, composed of two strips of wood each for the top and bottom.
1872*Reed-man [see brass-man s.v. brass n. 6]. 1938D. Baker Young Man with Horn i. v. 47 There was the band playing ‘Home, Sweet Home’ as a one-step with the reed man getting into clear and going absolutely wild on a clarinet. 1951Wallace & Bagnall-Oakley Norfolk vii. 84 The old villages..began as trading places for the eel-fishers, the reed-men and the smugglers from the sea. 1977New Yorker 6 June 128/2 It consists of eleven Laurence studio performances (about forty minutes in all), backed by two reedmen (Paul Quinichette or the late Bobby Jaspar) and two rhythm sections.
1931E. Midgley Techn. Terms Textile Trade I. 261 *Reed marks, a type of defect in woven fabrics due to the warp threads running in ‘twos’ or ‘threes’. 1961Blackshaw & Brightman Dict. Dyeing 145 Reed marks, marks or streaks running the warp of a cloth and caused by defects in the functioning of the reed during weaving.
1894T. W. Fox Mechanism of Weaving iii. 37 Sometimes warp threads are allowed to run in pairs throughout the piece without being looked upon as a serious defect; such material is said to be *reed-marked, or without cover.
1842R. Parnell Grasses Scot. 101 Poa aquatica. *Reed Meadow-Grass.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade s.v. Melodeon, Seraphine, harmoneon, *reed-organ, &c. are names for essentially the same instrument. 1879A. J. Hipkins in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 667 Of late the name Reed-Organ has been used to express both the harmonium and the American organ.
1831Rennie Montagu's Ornith. Dict. 26 Bearded Tit.—*Reed Pheasant. 1848Zoologist VI. 2186 The bearded titmouse is the ‘reed pheasant’, and indeed with its long graduated tail it is not unlike a miniature pheasant.
1891T. Hardy Tess xliii, There had already been placed in the *reed-press..as many sheaves of wheat as would be sufficient for the women to draw from during the day.
1840Spurdens Suppl. Forby s.v. Rand, A *reed-rand, on our rivers and broads is a margin overgrown with reeds. 1865Kingsley Herew. Prel., Long lines of reed-rond, emerald in spring.
1947Electr. Engin. LXVI. 1104 (heading) Glass enclosed *reed relay. 1966Times 16 Dec. 11/6 The key component in the Ambergate exchange is a miniature reed relay. 1975Fink & McKenzie Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xxiii. 41 Figure 23–46 shows the reed relay, combining small size and high reliability. A magnetic field induced by an external coil follows the path of the encapsulated contact arm, causing a force to pull the two arms together.
a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, *Reed-roll, a thicket of reeds on the borders or shallow parts of a river.
a1490Botoner Itin. (Nasmith, 1778) 288 Shevys de *reede segge.
1727Boyer Dict. Royal II, *Reed-stop of an Organ, anche d'orgue. 1811Busby Dict. Mus. (ed. 3) s.v. Reed, Those stops of an organ which consist of pipes so furnished are called Reed Stops. 1871J. Hiles Dict. Mus. T., Hautboy-clarion, a 2 ft. reed stop in an organ.
1871–4Newton Yarrell's Brit. Birds I. 365 There seems no reason to doubt their having been specimens of the Great Reed-Warbler or *Reed-Thrush, to use its oldest English name.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. iv. 67 Ile..speake betweene the change of man and boy, With a *reede voyce.
a1240Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 281 Siðen ȝette buffetet and to dunet i þe heaued wið þe *red ȝerde.
▪ II. reed, n.2 Mining.|riːd|
[Of obscure origin.]
a. The split or fracture in a coal seam at right angles to the bedding; the cleat.
b. The parting between strata.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 962 The lamellæ (reed of the coal) are always parallel to the bed or plane on which the coal rests. Ibid. 974 It is often divided and intersected, with its concomitant strata, by what are named partings, backs, cutters, reeds, or ends. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining.
▪ III. reed, v.|riːd|
[f. reed n.1]
1. trans. To thatch with reed. Chiefly pass. (cf. reeded ppl. a. 2).
c1440Promp. Parv. 426/2 Redyn' howsys, arundino, calamo. 1538Leland Itin. (1768) III. 125 The Abbay Chirch and Paroch Chirch [being] then be chaunce readid or thatchid. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 111 Where houses be reeded..now pare off the mosse.
2. To make (straw) into reed. (See reed n.1 2 c.)
1817–18Cobbett Resid. U.S. (1822) 339 If this straw be reeded, as they do it in the counties of Dorset and Devon, it will last thirty years. Ibid. 341 Only think of the expense of drawing or of reeding straw in England!
3. To fashion into, or decorate with, reeds; to furnish with a reed-moulding. (See reed n.1 12.)
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 161 When a piece of wood is formed into two or more semi-cylinders, touching each other..the piece of wood is said to be reeded. 1848B. Webb Cont. Ecclesiol. 42 Two of the pillars are reeded..in opposite directions. 1890Athenæum 9 Aug. 199/1 The chalice..has a mullet-shaped base, reeded vertically.
4. Weaving. To pass (warp threads) through the splits of a reed.
1894T. W. Fox Mechanism of Weaving ii. 17 It will be noticed that the threads from shaft 4 are reeded two in a dent, and those from the remaining shafts three in a dent. 1957Textile Terms & Definitions (Textile Inst.) (ed. 3) 79 Reed, v., to draw ends through a reed (local, to sley, to bob the reed or to enter the reed).
▪ IV. reed
var. read n.1; obs. f. read v., red a., rede n.1 and v.; obs. var. rood. |
