| 释义 |
† ˈtheve-thorn, ˈthe-thorn Obs.
Forms: 1 thebanthorn, þefan-, þeofe-, þife-, þyfe-, 1–3 þefeþorn, 3–5 theve-, 4 theoue, thef-, 4–5 thethorn(e; (5 thewe-, threw-thorn).
[Cogn. with OHG. depandorn (Ahd. Glossen I. 237, 34). Etymology of first element uncertain.
Grimm, Kl. Schr. I. 246, renders depandorn ‘brenndorn’, comparing ‘deba, diba incendium’, in the Malb. Gloss. This might refer to thorns used for burning or kindling a fire. See also Van Helten in P. & B. Beitr. XXV. 348.]
Name of some thorny shrub. a. In OE. and ME. glossaries commonly rendering L. rhamnus, which was sometimes in late and med.L. applied to the bramble or blackberry-bush, and was sometimes glossed by whitethorn or hawthorn.
The sense ‘bramble’ or ‘blackberry-bush’ is supported by L. mōrus in Metr. Voc. (which has this sense sometimes in Pliny, and still in Romanic langs.); that of ‘hawthorn’ by the red fruit of Sinon. Barthol. (Thevethorn could not be buckthorn, the late botanical identification of Rhamnus with buckthorn being merely a caprice of Linnæus, without any ancient warrant.)
a700Epinal Gloss. (O.E.T.) 880 Ramnus, thebanthorn. c725Corpus Gloss. 1710 Ramnus, ðeofeðorn. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 312 Wiþ bite wyrc sealfe; nim..þefan þorn. Ibid. III. 56 Nim..ðefeþorn. c1000Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 269/21 Ramnus, coltetræppe, þefanðorn. c1000ælfric Voc. ibid. 139/20 Ramnus, þifeþorn. Ibid. 149/32 Ramnus, uel sentix ursina, ðyfeþorn. a1300E.E. Psalter lvii[i]. 10 Ar-til þai undre-stande bi-forn Of youre thornes of theve⁓thorn [1382 Wyclif theue thorne, Vulg. rhamnum]. 13..Heber MS. 8336 in Promp. Parv. 490 note, Nym the floures of theoue-thorn. a1340Hampole Psalter lvii. 9 Rammyn, þat þai call thefthorne, has swilke a kynd, þat it is first soft, and sithen turnys it in til thornes. a1387Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 36 Rampnus est frutex spinosus ferens rubeos fructus, i. thethorne. 1388Wyclif Judg. ix. 14 And alle trees seiden to the ramne [gloss ether theue thorn; Vulg. ad rhamnum; 1382 to the thorn], Come thou, and be lord on vs. 14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 629/6 Morus, thewe-thornys. 14..Nom. ibid. 715/35 Hec ramnus,..a thethorntre. c1450Medulla in Cath. Angl. 382 note, Ramnus, a whyte thorne or a thepe [? theve] bushe. 1483Cath. Angl. 382/2 A Thethorne, rampnus.
b. Sometimes applied to the gooseberry.
In Ps. lvii. 9, the two 12th c. Anglo-Norman Psalters (ed. Fr. Michel, 1860, 1876) render rhamnus by groseiller, groselier, gooseberry, and this identification is found in some ME. glossaries, and was also adopted by Theodore Gaza, c 1450. Cf. also feaberry, dayberry, possibly dialectal alterations of the-berry from thethorn.
c1265Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 558/29 Ramni, i. [Fr.] grosiler, i. [Eng.] þefeþorn. c1450Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 156 Rampnus, gallice griseler, anglice, threwthorn. [1862Wright Hist. Domest. Mann. 296 In the dialect of Norfolk, gooseberries are still called theabes. [Cf. Thapes, thepes gooseberries (Eng. Dial. Dict.).] ] |
