| 释义 |
gauche, a.
(‖ goʃ, gəʊʃ)
[F. gauche skew, left (hand), left-handed, awkward.]
1. Wanting in tact or in ease and grace of manner, awkward, clumsy.
1751Chesterfield Let. 10 May, Mr. **** is gauche; it is to be hoped that will mend with keeping company. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) x. cxxii, On going early to bed..finding..a gauche Dawdle just beginning to introduce the warming pan between the sheets. 1860All Year Round No. 42. 363 He never does anything ludicrous, or gauche, or intrusive, or fussy, or vulgar.
2. Math. Skew, not plane (see quot.).
1879Thomson & Tait Nat. Phil. I. i. §7 If various points of the line do not lie in one plane, we have in one case..a curve of double curvature, in the other a gauche polygon.
Hence ˈgauchely adv., ˈgaucheness.
1883My Trivial Life II. viii. 164 Never was more astonished than by Lady Arabella's gaucheness. 1891Broughton & Bisland Widower indeed iii. (1892) 37 He enters gauchely, for he is a cub. 1936Auden Look, Stranger! 55 O can you see precisely in our gaucheness The neighbour's strongest wish, to serve and love? 1937Discovery July 226/1 Sixty-one excellent plates atone for any ‘gaucheness’ of the style. 1967M. Wilding in Coast to Coast 1965–6 253 She liked him for his gaucheness.
Add:3. Chem. (Freq. italicized.) Characterized by, involving, or designating a staggered molecular conformation in which two particular atoms or groups are positioned in such a way that the dihedral angle between them is approximately 60°; also applied to a part of a molecule which is so positioned with respect to another specified part. Cf. trans- prefix 9 a.
1940Sci. Papers Inst. Physical & Chem. Res. (Tokyo) XXXVII. 213 It is probable that such a gauche form is subject to deformation more easily than the trans form which is more symmetrical. 1956I. L. Finar Org. Chem. II. ii. 31 There are two positions of minimum energy, one corresponding to the trans configuration, and the other to the gauche configuration, the latter possessing approximately 1.1 kg.cal. more than the former. 1975Nature 16 Oct. 566/2 The phosphorus nucleus giving rise to the highest-field signal shows small 31P-O-C-1H coupling constants (ij can be estimated from the experimental value of the energy difference between the trans and gauche conformational isomers of the chain. |
