| 释义 |
naïve, a.|nɑːˈiːv, naɪˈiːv|
Also naive.
[a. F. naïve, fem. of naïf (see naïf and neyf):—L. nātīv-um native a.
‘The word being only imperfectly naturalized, the pronunciation is somewhat unsettled: the chief variations given in the leading Dicts. are |nɑːˈiːv|, |ˈnɑːiːv|, and |neɪˈiːv|’ (N.E.D., 1906).]
1. a. Natural, unaffected, simple, artless.
1654D. Osborne Lett. (1903) 234 Though he makes his people say fine handsome things to one another, yet they are not easy and naïve like the French. 1673Dryden Marr. à la Mode iii. i, Naive! as how? Phil. Speaking of a thing that was naturally said; it was so naive. 1762Lloyd Poet. Wks. (1774) II. 11 And naïve both (allow the phrase Which no one English word conveys). 1797F. Burney Diary (1846) VI. 150 She related..her arguments to dissuade him, and his naïve manner of combating them. 1817Lady Granville Lett. (1894) I. 117 Her manner is..delightful, she is very naïve. 1859Jephson Brittany viii. 109 The naïve details which the popular ballad-maker delighted in. 1885Clodd Myths & Dr. i. iii. 39 As belief in causality spread, men were not content to rest in the naïve explanations of an uncritical age.
b. Philos. naïve realism. Also naïf realism. [The fem. form, despite being adj. to a n. which in Fr. is masc., has acquired currency in English.] The belief, attributed to non-philosophers, that the world is directly perceived as it really is, as contrasted with philosophical theories of sense-data, the subjectivity of colour, etc. So naïve realist.
1882W. James Will to Believe (1897) 290 Even the most naïf realism will hardly pretend that the non-table as such exists in se after the same fashion as the table does. 1895F. Thilly tr. Paulsen's Introd. Philos. ii. i. 344 We start out from the popular conception whose standpoint is naïve Realism. 1897B. Russell Ess. Found. Geometry ii. 93 Those who have done most to further non-Euclidean Geometry—with the exception of Riemann, who was a disciple of Herbart—have usually inherited from Newton a naïve realism as regards absolute space. 1909W. James Meaning of Truth ii. 50 The reader will observe that the text is written from the point of view of naïf realism or common sense. 1914C. D. Broad Perception i. 1 We are going to begin from the position of naïf realism. It is true that our everyday view of the world is not quite naïvely realistic, but that is what it would like to be. 1932[see illusion 4 b]. 1932H. H. Price Perception ii. 26 We ask a Naïve Realist what sort of thing it is whose existence he knows of. Ibid. iii. 61 The Naïve Realist conception of ‘belonging to’ would not have been saved. 1954A. J. Ayer Philos. Ess. vi. 142 The naïve realist is not in error. Naïve realism is not a false theory of perception: it is a refusal to play this sort of game. 1971A. Flew Introd. Western Philos. iii. x. 346 The position supported by the uninstructed ‘instincts and propensities of nature’ is by instructing philosophers labelled contemptuously, ‘Naïve Realism’.
c. naïve painter: a painter who has not been trained in a formal manner; so naïve painting. Cf. naïf a. 1 c.
1957Observer 3 Nov. 14/4 Naive or primitive painting is a discovery of the twentieth century... The innocent eyes of the often untaught naïve painters give an account of the world quite unhampered by preconceptions of what paintings of it should be like. 1961Spectator 28 July 149 A very intense, fat little book on naïve painters, with Henri Rousseau as the grand point of departure. 1970Time 9 Feb. 54 The United States possesses the oldest, the most original, and just about the most authentic naive painters.
2. Biol. and Psychol. Not having previously had a particular experience or been the subject of a particular experiment, esp. not having taken or received a particular drug; unconditioned. Const. to.
1940Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. LIII. 46 (heading) Configurational properties considered ‘good’ by naïve subjects. 1961Jrnl. Agric. Sci. LVII. 401 Assessments of bacon qualities by naïve and experienced judges using photographic reference standards. 1963Animal Behaviour XI. 463 The naive female cat does not exhibit the complete mating pattern on the first opportunity for sexual behaviour. 1969Sci. Jrnl. Sept. 42/1 When research subjects are volunteers who are naive to marihuana, an effective placebo is no problem. 1970Nature 11 Apr. 119/1 Interesting social and psychological similarities and differences were revealed among three groups of subjects: marijuana naïve persons (N), persons not naïve to marijuana (NN) and chronic marijuana users (C). 1974Ibid. 19 Apr. 697/1 Twenty experimentally naïve male albino Wistar rats..were anaesthetised with ether. |
