| 释义 |
morphophoneme Linguistics.|mɔːfəʊˈfəʊniːm|
[f. Gr. µορϕ-ή form + phoneme.]
One of the variant phonemes which belong to the same morpheme.
1934M. Swadesh in Language X. 129 Morphologically distinct phonemes are called morpho-phonemes. A morpho-phoneme is one of a class of like phonemes considered as components of actual morphemes which behave alike morphologically, i.e., have a like place in the same mutation series. 1939L. Bloomfield in Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague VIII. 106 The morphophoneme u seems to occur in only one suffix. 1947C. F. Hockett in Language XXIII. 323 Morphophonemic statements may involve morphophonemes—that is, the symbols used for phonemes, plus supplementary ones, with special definitions as to phonemic value under varying circumstances—or they may not. 1957N. Chomsky Syntactic Structures iv. 33 The elements that figure in the rules can be classified into a finite set of levels (e.g. phonemes and morphemes; or, perhaps, phonemes, morphophonemes, and morphemes). 1964E. Bach Introd. Transformational Gram. ii. 25 We distinguish the final morphophonemes in laugh and wife on the basis of their plural formation. 1968Language XLIV. 508 The major thesis of this paper is that the most efficient description of morpheme alternants requires the use of morphophonemes, and, moreover, that these morphophonemes do in fact constitute psychologically real units. 1972Ibid. XLVIII. 372 In Turkish, the target is satisfied at a level preceding the application of the first law of vowel harmony, which maps the morphophonemes A I U onto their respective phonetic reflexes.
Hence morphophoneˈmatic (rare), morphophoˈnemic adjs., morphophoˈnemically adv.
1939[see morpholexical a.]. 1944Amer. Speech XIX. 136 The ‘neutrality’ of e in Hungarian and Finnish is not phonetic but morphophonemic. 1951Z. S. Harris Methods in Structural Linguistics xiv. 239 The al of moral would appear to be morphophonemically /æl/, where /l/ represents phonemic zero before ly, but /l/ otherwise. 1957Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxviii. 58 Morphophonemically be behaves like an auxiliary, regardless of its complement. 1960C. E. Bazell in Year's Work in Eng. Studies 1958 47/2 Evidence for the diphthongal character of Gothic iu is largely morphophonemic (e.g. the alternation triu/triwa). 1964D. Ward in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 390 There are some departures from the morphophonematic principle in Russian, including such sporadic ones as, for example, nozdri ‘nostrils’ (cp. nos ‘nose’). 1965Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics Spring 169 Most noun stems [in Eyak] are morphophonemically invariable. 1968P. M. Postal Aspects Phonol. Theory vi. 117 Even setting up new allomorphs like ‘is’, etc. does not avoid the consequence that the morphophonemic rules must appeal to categorial properties. 1970Bible Translator XXI. 25 There is reason to believe that most function morphemes should be read at sight rather than ‘sounded out’, and this also supports the idea of writing such morphemes morphophonemically. 1971tr. Akhmanova's Phonology, Morphonology, Morphology ii. 72 It is quite impossible to formulate any morphophonemic rules to explain the would-be substitution of [-a] for [-i] or [:y]. |
