| 释义 |
manyogana|maˈnjoːgana|
Also manyokana.
[Jap., f. Manyō(shū ‘collection of a Myriad Leaves’, name of an 8th-cent. anthology of Japanese poetry + -gana combining form of kana (phonetic) letters, script.]
A system of writing in use in Japan in the 8th century, found spec. in the Manyōshū, in which Chinese characters are used to represent Japanese sounds.
1868J. J. Hoffmann Japanese Gram. 6 The running-hand form was used in the old Japanese Bundle of Poems..Man-you-siu or the Collection of the Ten Thousand Leaves, compiled about the middle of the eighth century. The first Kána-form was, consequently, called Y̱amáto⁓kána.., the other Man-you-kána. 1909tr. S. Okuma's Fifty Yrs. of New Japan II. i. 2 We also used these [Chinese] characters merely as symbols for our own sounds. This latter method..we find..generally used in our old works like the ‘Kojiki’ and the ‘Manyōshū’, whence these symbols came to be called the Manyō-kana. 1928G. B. Sansom Hist. Gram. Japanese i. 23 The name of this anthology was the Manyōshū, or ‘collection of a Myriad Leaves’, and the characters thus used were known as Manyōgana. 1934S. Yoshitake Phonetic System of Ancient Japanese i. 7 It was that great philologist Motowori Norinaga who first discovered how strictly certain Man-yō-gana were differentiated. 1948Introd. Classic Japanese Lit. (Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai) (1956) p. x, The choice of subject for ballads ranged much more widely..encouraged by the popularization of new methods of writing, by the introduction of the Japanese syllabary (kana) in the primitive form known as man'yôgana (Man'yôshû style kana) where the Chinese ideographs were used with their phonetic value. 1951J. K. Yamagiwa in Reischauer & Yamagiwa Transl. Early Japanese Lit. 277 In the eighth and ninth centuries, abbreviations and simplifications of the Man'yōgana resulted in the creation of the two syllabic scripts, the katakana and the hiragana. 1959Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 58/2 Two [writing] systems gradually developed: one an elaborate distortion of Japanese into Chinese forms (kambun); the other a phonetic adaptation of Chinese characters for the reproduction of Japanese sounds (manyōgana). 1965D. Keene Manyōshū p. xviii, The so-called ‘Manyō-gana’ are the Chinese characters which were commonly used as phonograms in the Manyōshū, from which the present system of kana was evolved. 1974Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics XIX. 217 Taken together, the ongana and kungana comprise the man'yōgana, the eighth-century precursors of the later kana syllabaries. |
