| 释义 |
▪ I. † thro, thra, n. Obs.
Forms: 4 þro, 4–5 thro, throo, 5–6 Sc. thra.
[ME. a. ON. þrá, neut. obstinacy, persistence in opposition, contrariety, ‘hard struggle’ (Vigf.); perh. confounded with þrá fem., painful or violent longing, eager yearning (cognate with OE. þrawu painful pressure): see Falk and Torp s.v. traa2.]
1. Struggle, contest; trouble.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10570 Þat tyme was mykyl þro, And ofte was boþe werre and wo. c1330― Chron. Wace (Rolls) 54 In sclaundire & threte, & in thro. Ibid. 13925 Mikel was þe pres, ful þykke þe þro. a1400–50Alexander 2282 He..Thringis to þe thrid time & þe thra [Dubl. MS. thro] wynnys [in wrestling].
2. Anger, wrath.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 754 Ȝet for þretty in þrong I schal my þro steke. a1400Sir Perc. 376, I hafe spokene with thame, I wene, Wordes in throo.
3. Eagerness, keenness, haste.
c1470Henry Wallace viii. 237 Our men on him thrang forthwart in to thra. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 801 He sa cummand in thra The maist man of all tha, That euer he had sene. 1513Douglas æneis viii. Prol. 17 Thochtis thretis in thra our breistis ourthwort.
▪ II. † thro, thra, a.1 (adv.) Obs.
Forms: 3–4 þra, (5–7 Sc.) thra, 4–5 þro, thro, throo (5 throe).
[ME. a. ON. þrá-r ‘stubborn, obstinate, unyielding, refractory, persistent, zealous, eager, keen’, adj. cognate with þrá n.: see prec.]
1. Stubborn, obstinate, persistent; reluctant to give way, or accede to a request.
(The spelling throw in quot. c 1500 is app. due to confusion with other words.)
a1300Cursor M. 5803 (Cott.) King pharaon..es ful thra [Trin. þro], Lath sal him think to let þam ga. 13..Ibid. 28092 (Cott.) Vn-buxum haf i bene, and thra A-gayn my gastly fader al-sa. c1400Destr. Troy 5246 Þat were þro men in threpe, & thre-tyms mo. a1500Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 11 In this place, be you never so throe, Shall you no longer dwell. c1500Smyth & his Dame 317 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 213 Be thov neuer so throw, I shal amende the sonne, I trow. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xiii. 31 Than be not thra ȝour scherwand to confort. 1603Philotus xl, Scho is sa ackwart and sa thra, That with refuse I come hir fra.
b. Of a corpse: Stiff, rigid.
a1400–50Alexander 4452 Graffis garnyscht of gold & gilten tombis Thurghis to thrawyn in quen ȝe þraa worthe.
2. Stubborn in fight, sturdy, bold; fierce. Also fig.
c1320Sir Tristr. 777 Þei þou be þro, Lat mo men wiþ þe ride On rowe. a1400Morte Arth. 3757 They..thristis to þe erthe Of the thraeste mene thre hundrethe. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 3570 Thir wordes herd the knyghtes twa, It made tham forto be mor thra. c1400Destr. Troy 6422 Merion..With þre thousaund þro men þrong hym vnto. Ibid. 6446, 6462, etc. c1470Henry Wallace ix. 846 Wallace with him had fourty archarys thra. 1513Douglas æneis viii. xii. 128 And Gelones, thai pepill of Sithya, In archery the quhilk ar wonder thra. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) I. 250 The Albionis, thocht tha war neuir sa thra, Out of the feild on force wer maid to ga.
3. Angry, wroth, furious, violent.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 344 Anger gaynez þe not a cresse, Who nedez schal þole be not so þro. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints ii. (Paulus) 504 As he, þat firste wes cristis fa, And in thra will his men can sla. c1380Sir Ferumb. 3968 Wan þay come to þe dupe Ryuer, Þat wilde was & thro, Entrye þanne ne darst hy noȝt. c1400Destr. Troy 147 He bethought hym full thicke in his throo hert. c1440Bone Flor. 2075 Sche dyd me oonys an evyll dede, My harte was wondur throo. c1475Sqr. Lowe Degre 1017 With egre mode, and herte full throwe, The stewardes throte he cut in two.
4. Keen, eager, zealous, earnest.
a1300Cursor M. 14392 (Cott.) Ful deueli war þai Iuus thra Þair blisced lauerd for to sla. c1320Sir Tristr. 615 Rohand was ful þra Of tristrem for to frain. c1350Will Palerne 3264 Þre M. of men þat þro were to fiȝt. 1400Destr. Troy 470 Mony thoughtes full thro thrange in hir brest. c1425Wyntoun Cron. v. vi. 1198 Sancte Gregor..Made special and thra oryson þat God walde grant his saule to be..fre. a1500Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) 451 Falsehed to further he was euer throe. [1775John Watson Hist. Halifax 547 A person is said to be thro about any thing, who is very keen or intent about it.]
b. fig. Of a thing: Ready, apt, disposed.
a1425Cursor M. 16560 (Trin.) Þei..cut þis tre in two..What þei wolde þerof shape: Þerto hit was ful þro.
B. adv. Obstinately; vigorously; boldly.
a1425Cursor M. 5997 (Trin.) Ȝitt þe kyng hem helde ful þro For wolde he not lete hem go. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6032 Oxen twenty and twa War drawand þis bell full thra. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 60 The berne bovnit to the burgh..and thrang in full thra.
▪ III. † thro, a.2 Obs.
Origin, status, and meaning uncertain; occurs in the alliterative phrase thriven and thro, always commendatory or honorific, and apparently meaning something like ‘excellent’.
(It is not impossible that this may originally have been the same word as thro a.1 2, and that ‘thriven and thro’ became a stock phrase which was vaguely used; cf. ‘a þro knight, þrivand in armys’, c 1400 in thriving ppl. a. 1, and the other references there given. But there seems also to have been connexion in sense with thro v., as if it had been taken as ‘grown, become great’; cf. the phrases ‘throd and thriven’ [v.r. ‘wele þriuen’] c 1300 in thriven ppl. a. 1, ‘thryven ant thowen’ [from thee v.1] a 1310 ibid. 2.)
a1310in Wright Lyric P. 26 He is thrustle thryven in [? and] thro that singeth in sale. Ibid. 39 Wel were him that wiste hire thoht, That thryven ant þro. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 867, I seghe, says Iohan, þe loumbe hym stande, On þe mount of syon ful þryuen & þro. a1450Le Morte Arth. 589 There is no lady of flesshe ne bone In this world so thryve or thro, Thoughe hyr herte were stele or stone, That might hyr loue hald hym fro.
▪ IV. † thro, v. Obs.
Pa. pple. throd, throdd, (throded).
[Northern ME., app. ad. ON. þróa-sk refl. to thrive, wax, grow: cf. þroskr adj. full-grown, þroska-sk vb. to grow up to manhood; also dial. Ger. drûhen, trûhen (Grimm), drôen, trühen to thrive, prosper, grow.]
intr. To grow, wax, increase in size or stature; to grow up.
Cf. dial. Throdden ppl. adj., fat, well-grown, in good condition, well-fed (Brockett, and E.D.D. Northumb., Yorksh.).
c1325Metr. Hom. 112 That ilke childe Was sa unthewed and sa wilde, That alle the schathe that he moht do, He did quen he bigan to thro. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 240 Now [MS. no] gynnes Dauid to thro. For now bigynnes Dauid to wax a werreour. 13..Cursor M. 3077 (Cott.) For quen [ysmael] throded [v.r. waxyn] was to yoman. Ibid. 5641 Quen it [the child Moses] was throd [F. waxen, G. thriuen] and sumdel ald To kinges doghter sco it yald. Ibid. 14806 Fast es he [Jesus] throd [G. throdd] and thriuen, And mikel grace ai es him giuen.
b. ? To advance. (Perh. a different word.)
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10058 Al softly he bad hem go, Þat non schulde byfore oþer þro Til þey come vnto þe bataille.
▪ V. thro, thro'
early form and contraction of through. |
