JOB1 a job2 a job in a company or organization3 relating to a job4 to have a job5 to not have a job6 a job that is available7 to give someone a job8 to move to a more important job9 doing something for a job, rather than for enjoyment10 a job that you have in addition to your main jobRELATED WORDSleave your job 离职LEAVEnot accept someone for a job 不接受某人做某一工作REJECT (6)when someone does someone else's job 某人做另一人的工作REPLACE (1-4)you are responsible for something as part of your job 作为工作的一部分你对某事负责RESPONSIBLEsee alsoWORKCOMPANYBUSINESSEARNPOSITION/RANKIN CHARGE OF1 a job 职业，工作job /dʒɒbǁdʒɑːb/ [countable noun]the work that you do regularly in order to earn money, especially when you work for an employer 〔尤指受雇于人的〕工作，职业 My first job was in a record store. 我的第一份工作是在一家唱片店上班。 Daniel starts his new job on Monday. 丹尼尔周一去上新工。 She has a well-paid job in the tax department. 她在税务部门干着一份收入丰厚的工作。get a job Ted got a job as a bartender. 泰德得到一份当酒保的工作。find a jobget a job after trying to get a lot of different jobs 找到工作 Her son still hasn't been able to find a job. 她儿子仍未能找到工作。look for a jobtry to get one 找工作 She's looking for a job in the music business. 她正在音乐圈内找工作。hold a jobhave a job 担任工作 If a woman is qualified, she should hold any job in government she wants. 女性如果条件符合，就应该可以担任政府部门内任何她想要的职位。part-time jobwhen you work less than the usual number of hours each week 兼职工作 I had a part-time job while I was in college. 我上大学时做过一份兼职工作。job losses/job cutswhen a lot of people lose their jobs 裁员 The company announced 74,000 job cuts and 21 factory closures. 这家公司宣布裁员74,000人，并关闭21家工厂。work /wɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun]work that someone does regularly to earn money, either by working for an employer or working for themselves 〔受雇于人或为自己干的〕工作 My father started work when he was 14. 我父亲14岁开始工作。 Most people stop work when they are 65. 大多数人65岁就不再工作了。 I usually start work each day around 9 am and finish about 6 pm. 我一般每天早上9点左右上班，下午6点左右下班。 The work's really interesting but the pay's lousy. 这工作确实很有趣，可报酬很低。look for workto try to get work 找工作 Lena graduated from college six months ago and she's still looking for work. 莉娜大学毕业已六个月，但仍在找工作。find workto get work 找到工作 He eventually found work as a labourer on a construction site. 他最终在一个建筑工地上找到一份体力活。return to work/go back to workto start work again after several weeks, months, or years 回去工作 Women often return to work after they have had children. 妇女生了孩子后通常会回去工作。！ His injuries have made it impossible for him to go back to work. 他的伤使他不可能再回去工作了。at workat the place where you work 在工作的地方 Her mother tried to call her at home and then at work. 她母亲试图打电话到家里找她，然后又打到她工作的地方。to workto the place where you work 去工作的地方 Alexander commutes 30 miles to work each day. 亚历山大每天乘车30英里去上班。after/before workbefore you start or after you finish your work each day 下班后/上班前 They sometimes play tennis after work. 他们有时在下班后打网球。profession /prəˈfeʃən/ [countable noun]work such as law, medicine, or teaching, for which you need special training and education 〔需要受过专门训练的〕职业〔如律师、医生、教师等〕 Many teachers are thinking about leaving the profession for more highly paid careers. 许多教师在考虑辞职去从事薪酬更高的工作。the teaching/medical/legal etc profession There are now a lot more women in the legal profession. 现在从事法律职业的女性多得多了。go into/enter a profession There was a big demand for accountants in the 1980s, and many graduates entered the profession at this time. 20世纪80年代对会计师的需求量很大，当时许多毕业生投身这一行业。occupation /ˌɒkjɑˈpeɪʃənǁˌɑːk-/ [countable noun]the type of work that someone usually does - used especially on official forms 〔某人平时从事的〕工作，职业〔尤用于正式表格〕 Please write your name, address, and occupation in the spaces below. 请在下面空白处填上你的姓名、地址和职业。 Part-time workers often work in low-paid occupations. 兼职员工通常从事的是低薪职位。business /ˈbɪznɪs, ˈbɪznəs/ [countable/uncountable noun]the general type of work that you do, such as buying and selling a particular type of thing 行业 In our business the first rule is that the customer is always right. 我们这一行第一条守则就是顾客永远是对的。 ‘What type of business are you in?’ ‘I run a catering company.’ “你做哪一行？”“我开一家酒席承办公司。”the newspaper/used-car/movie etc business The used-car business has a pretty bad reputation. 旧车买卖行业的声誉相当不好。what somebody does /ˌwɒtsomebody ˈdʌz/spokenuse this to ask what someone's job is 【口】某人做什么工作的 What does your husband do? 你丈夫是干什么的? She used to work for an accounting firm, but I'm not sure what she does now. 她以前在一家会计事务所工作，但我不清楚现在她在做什么。trade /treɪd/ [countable noun]a skilled job in which you use your hands to do things, such as building houses, making furniture, or repairing cars 行业；手艺〔如建筑、家具制作、汽车修理等〕 Most of the men had worked in skilled trades such as carpentry or printing. 当时大多数人都从事手工行业，如木工或印刷。 Young men and women can learn a trade in the military. 军队里的青年男女可以学一门手艺。be a bricklayer/carpenter etc by trade His father had been a bricklayer by trade. 他父亲以前的职业是砖瓦工。career /kəˈrɪəʳ/ [countable noun]the type of work that you do for most of your working life, which involves several similar jobs over a long period of time 事业，职业 Like his father, Tommy chose a career in the Army. 跟父亲一样，汤米选择了军旅生涯。 Later on in his career he became first secretary at the British Embassy in Washington. 在他的职业生涯中，他后来成了英国驻华盛顿大使馆的一等秘书。 The scandal destroyed his career as a politician. 这件丑闻毁了他的政治生涯。career in I wanted to find out more about careers in publishing. 我想对出版业多作了解。vocation /vəʊˈkeɪʃən/ [countable noun]a job such as being a nurse, priest, or teacher that you do because you have a strong feeling that you want to do it, especially because you want to help people 工作，职业；使命〔如护士、牧师、教师等尤希望帮助别人的工作〕 Nursing is hard work and often low paid, but for many people it is a vocation. 护理是件很辛苦的工作，报酬往往很低，但对许多人来说这是一种使命。 He was quite young when he decided he had a religious vocation. 他决定以宗教为使命时还相当年轻。livelihood /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/ [countable noun]the work that you do in order to earn enough money to live on or the thing that provides the work for you to do 生计 Most of the people here depend on tourism for their livelihood. 这里大部分人都以旅游业为生。 Fishermen are angry about the new EC fishing regulations because they feel that their livelihood is being threatened. 渔民对欧盟的新捕鱼规定非常不满，因为他们觉得自己的生计受到了威胁。line of work/business /ˌlaɪn əv ˈwɜːʳk, ˈbɪzns/ [noun phrase]the type of work or job that you do 行业 I meet some interesting people in my line of work. 做我这行会遇到一些有趣的人。 Henson had to leave real-estate, which had been his line of business since 1969. 汉森只得离开房地产行业，他从1969年开始就一直在从事这一行。employment /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ [uncountable noun]when people work or have jobs - used especially in official documents, news reports etc 就业〔尤用于正式文件、新闻报道等〕 I have not yet signed a contract of employment. 我还没有签雇佣合同。 A Japanese company plans to set up a factory in the area, so this should provide some employment for local people. 一家日本公司计划在该地区兴建工厂，这样应该能给当地居民提供一些就业机会。be in employmenthave a job 有工作 Are you in full-time employment, Mr Edwards? 你有全职工作吗，爱德华兹先生？2 a job in a company or organization 在某公司或组织内的一份工作post /pəʊst/ [countable noun]an important job in a company or organization, especially in an organization that moves its workers to different jobs 〔重要的〕工作；职位post of She has been offered the post of director of UNICEF. 她被委任为联合国儿童基金会总干事。take up a poststart doing a particular job 开始担任一个职务 When he took up his present post at the BBC he was only 23. 他到英国广播公司出任目前的职位时才23岁。teaching/government/director's etc post Environmentalists supported Murphy as the best candidate for the director's post. 环境保护者支持墨菲，认为他是会长的最佳人选。position /pəˈzɪʃən/ [countable noun]a job at a particular level in a company or organization 职位，职务position of We have decided to offer you the position of sales assistant starting next Monday. 我们已决定下星期一开始让你出任销售助理一职。hold a positionhave a particular job 担任职务 What position did you hold at your previous company? 你在前一家公司担任什么职务？fill a positionto give someone a particular job 填补〔担当〕职位 Always look for the best person to fill any position, regardless of age, race, or gender. 总要找最优秀的人来担当任何职位，不管年龄、种族或性别如何。capacity /kəˈpæsɪti, kəˈpæsəti/ [singular noun]formalif someone does something in a particularcapacity, they do it because they have a particular job and it is part of that job 【正式】职位；身份in somebody's capacity as something I'm here in my capacity as Union Representative. 我以工会代表的身份出席。 In her capacity as war correspondent for ABC News, she has traveled all over the world. 她以美国广播公司战地记者的身份去过世界各国。in an advisory legal/financial etc capacity He works for this firm in a legal capacity, giving advice on international law. 他以律师身份为这家公司提供国际法方面的建议。3 relating to a job 与工作有关的job /dʒɒbǁdʒɑːb/ [adjective only before noun] The salary's not very good, but there's a lot of job satisfaction. 薪水不是很高，但这工作会给你带来很大的满足感。 It says in the job description that we're only supposed to work 35 hours a week. 职务说明里写明我们一周只要工作35小时。 The bad thing about working at holiday resorts is that there's no job security. 在度假胜地工作的缺点是就业没有保障。professional /prəˈfeʃənəl/ [adjective only before noun]relating to a job such as teaching, medicine, or law, for which you need special training and have to pass special examinations 职业的；专业的 The RSA course in teaching is a recognized professional qualification. 皇家艺术学会的教师培训课程是公认的专业资历。 Lawyers have their own professional association, which operates a strict code of conduct. 律师有他们自己的专业协会，协会有一套严格的行为准则。 You are advised to seek professional legal advice if in any doubt about the contract details. 如对合同细则有任何疑问，应该寻求专业法律咨询。occupational /ˌɒkjɑˈpeɪʃənəl◂ǁˌɑːk-/ [adjective only before noun]relating to the particular type of job that you do 职业的 Occupational injuries and even deaths are quite common in the coal mining industry. 在采煤业中，工伤甚至是死亡事故都颇为普遍。 The survey studied the incidence of cancer among different occupational groups. 这次调查研究了不同职业组别中的癌症发病率。vocational /vəʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ [adjective usually before noun]vocational training or schools teach you the skills to do a particular job 职业的〔培训或学校〕 Not all the courses are purely vocational. 并非所有的课程都是纯粹与职业有关的。 The Job Corps is a vocational training program for low-income youths. 职业培训团是一项为低收入青年提供职业培训的计划。4 to have a job 有工作have a job /hæv ə ˈdʒɒbǁ-ˈdʒɑːb/ [verb phrase not in progressive] I've had a job since the day I left high school. 我高中毕业那天起就开始工作了。 George had a well-paid job in a computer firm. 乔治在一家电脑公司有份薪金丰厚的工作。have a steady jobone that seems certain to last 有份稳定的工作 If you have a decent salary and a steady job, you can usually get a loan. 如果你有不错的薪水和稳定的工作，通常都能申请到贷款。be employed /biː ɪmˈplɔɪd/ [verb phrase]to have a job - used especially in official contexts or in writing 被雇用，有工作〔尤用于正式文体或书面语中〕 To qualify for the program, at least one parent must be employed. 至少要一个家长有工作才有资格参加这项计划。be employed by Curtis was employed by a car rental agency. 柯蒂斯受雇于一家汽车出租代理行。be employed at A graduate of Stanford, she is employed at Jackson, Cole, Roberts & Green, a respected law firm. 她是斯坦福大学的毕业生，受雇于有名望的杰克逊一科尔一罗伯茨和格林法律事务所。self-employed /ˌself ɪmˈplɔɪd◂/ [adjective]someone who isself-employed works for a business that they own or gets paid for work by various companies or people, and is not directly employed by a single company or organization 自己经营的，自雇的 He is a self-employed music teacher. 他是个自己单干的音乐教师。 I've been self-employed for over 10 years. 我做自由职业已有十年多了。hold (down) a job /ˌhəʊld (daʊn) ə ˈdʒɒbǁ-ˈdʒɑːb/ [verb phrase]to have a job, especially one that is for a particular period of time, or when it is difficult to keep working 〔尤某一段期间〕拥有工作；保住工作 She was the first woman to hold the job of mayor. 她是第一个当上市长的女性。 Even men who had always been able to hold down a job found themselves unemployed. 即使是那些总能保住饭碗的人也失业了。be in work /biː ɪn ˈwɜːʳk/ [verb phrase]Britishto have a job - use this when you are comparing someone who has a job with other people who do not have jobs 【英】有工作〔用于跟失业的人相比〕 She was the only one in the family to be in work. 她是家里唯一一个有工作的人。 It's often difficult for people who are in work to appreciate the problems of the unemployed. 在职的人往往难以体会到失业者的苦恼。5 to not have a job 没有工作not have a job/be without a job /nɒt hæv ə ˈdʒɒb, biː wɪðˌaʊt ə ˈdʒɒbǁ-ˈdʒɑːb/ [verb phrase not in progressive] I don't have a job yet, but I'm going for an interview tomorrow. 我还没有工作，不过明天我会去参加面试。 She's been without a job now for three months. 到现在为止她已有三个月没有工作了。 Many of the students who leave the course this summer won't have a job to go to. 今年夏季完成这门课程的学生中有许多人不会有工作。be out of work /biː ˌaʊt əv ˈwɜːʳk/ [verb phrase]to not have a job, especially for a long period of time 没有工作，失业〔尤指很长一段时间〕 I've been out of work for two years. 我已失业两年了。 At the age of 33, he suddenly found himself out of work and without much hope of finding any. 33岁那年他突然失业了，而且没有多大希望能找到工作。be thrown out of workto suddenly lose your job 突遭解雇 The company's bankruptcy meant that 5,000 people were thrown out of work. 公司破产意味着5,000人突然间失去了工作。out-of-work [adjective phrase] She is an out-of-work actress. 她是一名失业的演员。unemployed /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd◂/ [adjective]anunemployed person does not have a job 失业的 Fifty per cent of the men in this town are unemployed. 这个镇上50%的男人都失业了。unemployed teacher/clerk/factory worker etcsome one who usually works as a teacher etc 失业的教师/文员/工厂工人等 The accused man is an unemployed labourer from South London. 被告是一名来自伦敦南部的无业劳工。the unemployedpeople who are unemployed 失业人士 The government is not doing enough to help the unemployed. 政府没有尽力帮助失业者。unemployment [uncountable noun] There has been a sharp rise in unemployment. 失业人数激增。jobless /ˈdʒɒbləsǁˈdʒɑːb-/ [adjective]people who arejobless do not have jobs - used especially in news reports 无业的，失业的〔尤用于新闻报道〕 The factory closure will leave 3,000 workers jobless. 这家工厂的关闭将使3,000名工人失业。 Jobless youths are a major cause of concern. 青年失业是人们主要担心的事。the joblesspeople who do not have jobs 失业者 The bill would allow the jobless to collect 4 to 20 weeks of additional benefits. 这项法案将使失业者多领取到4至20周的救济金。be on the doleBritish/be on welfare/on unemploymentAmerican /biː ɒn ðə ˈdəʊl, biː ɒn ˈwelfeəʳ, ɒn ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ [verb phrase]to be receiving money from the government because you do not have a job 领取失业救济金 Many people on welfare don't have anyone to take care of the kids while they train for a job. 许多领取失业救济金的人在接受就业培训时没有人帮忙照看孩子。 Just about everyone on the estate is one the dole. Jobs are scarce. 这一住宅区里几乎人人都在领取失业救济。工作机会十分紧缺。 He spent five months on unemployment before finding a job that paid much less than his previous job. 他领了五个月的失业救济金，然后才找到薪水比前一份工作低得多的工作。go on the dole/go on welfarestart getting money from the government because you do not have a job 开始领失业救济 Students used to be allowed to go on the dole in the summer holidays, but the government has stopped that. 学生以前可以在暑假里领取失业救济金，但现在政府已停止这样发放救济金了。 Rivera lost his job, and the family had to go on welfare. 里韦拉失业了，他的家人因此要领失业救济金。6 a job that is available 职位空缺vacancy /ˈveɪkənsi/ [countable noun]a job that is available, and that someone could start doing immediately 空缺，空职 There might be some vacancies at the hospital. 这家医院可能有几个空缺。vacancy for A vacancy exists for an import/export sales manager at our Paris office. 我们巴黎办事处有个进出口销售经理的职位空缺。fill a vacancyfind someone to do the job 填补空缺 Skilled workers are few, and employers are having trouble filling vacancies. 熟练的工人很少，雇主要人填补空缺甚为困难。opening /ˈəʊpənɪŋ/ [countable noun]a job that is available - used especially by managers or by people asking about jobs 空缺〔尤为经理或打听职位情况的人使用〕 Of the fourteen openings, only one went to a minority candidate. 十四个职位空缺中仅有一个给了少数民族求职者。opening for I was wondering if you had any openings for sales staff? 我想知道你们的销售部门有空缺吗?job openings The journal has been a good way to publicize job openings. 这份杂志是刊登职位空缺的好途径。opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪti, ˌɒpəˈtjuːnətiǁˌɑːpərˈtuː-/ [countable noun usually plural]the chance to do a job that you want to do, which could lead to a good permanent job 就业机会opportunity for There are several opportunities for experienced designers and researchers. 有好几个职位需要经验丰富的设计师和研究员。career opportunities Career opportunities for nurses have improved in the last 10 years. 近十年来护士的就业机会增加了。7 to give someone a job 给某人一份工作give somebody a job /ˌgɪv somebody ə ˈdʒɒbǁ-ˈdʒɑːb/ [verb phrase] If I give you the job, how soon can you begin? 如果我把这份工作给你，你最快何时可以来上班？ After law school, he was given a job in the city's legal department. 法学院毕业后他在市司法部门获得一份工作。give sb a job as Goldman gave her a job as his assistant. 戈德曼给了她一份工作，就是当他的助理。employalsohireespecially American /ɪmˈplɔɪ, haɪəʳ/ [transitive verb]to give someone a job and pay them for the work they do for you 雇用 Since he came out of prison no one will employ him. 自从他出狱之后，没人愿意雇用他。 The company has been accused of not hiring enough women. 这家公司因没有雇用足够数量女性职员而受到指责。employ as I was employed as a night-watchman by the local hospital. 我受雇于当地那家医院当夜间守卫。 She was hired as marketing director for a biotechnology firm. 她获聘为一家生物技术公司的市场部董事。employment [uncountable noun] This letter outlines the terms and conditions of employment the conditions of your job. 这封信大致说明了雇用的条件。take on /ˌteɪk ˈɒn/ [transitive phrasal verb]if a companytakes on someone, it gives them a job - use this especially about a job that might not be permanent or when a lot of people are given jobs at the same time 雇用〔尤指可能不是长期的工作，或许多人同时得到工作时〕take on somebody We're not taking on any more staff at the moment. 目前我们不打算再招聘员工。take somebody etc on Franklin needed an assistant, and he got funding from the department to take one on. 富兰克林需要一名助手，他从部门拿到拨款雇用了一个。take somebody on as something The director took me on as a messenger while they were filming in my village. 他们在我们村子里拍片时，导演雇我当通信员。engage /ɪnˈgeɪdʒ/ [transitive verb]British formalto give someone a job 【英，正式】雇用，聘请 The vet was increasingly busy and had to engage two new assistants. 这位兽医越来越忙，不得不聘请两名新助手。engage somebody as something Paul was engaged as a junior clerk at a very low wage. 保罗被雇用为初级文员，薪水微薄。appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/ [transitive verb]to choose someone for a job, especially an important job 选派；委任；任命〔尤指重要的工作〕 The French president has appointed a new Minister for Culture. 法国总统任命了新的文化部长。 The committee was appointed to make recommendations on housing development in the area. 该委员会被任命对这一地区的房屋发展提出建议。appoint somebody as director/manager etc When he was governor, Brown appointed Rose Bird as chief justice of the California Supreme Court. 布朗任州长时曾委任罗斯·伯德担任加州最高法院首席法官。appoint somebody director/manager etc Schreiber was appointed director of human resources. 施赖伯被任命为人力资源总监。appoint somebody to a job/post/ position etc This is the first time that a woman has been appointed to the post. 这是女性首次获此职位任命。appointment [countable noun] His appointment to the position of Senior Surgeon was unexpected. 他获任命高级外科医生令人意外。recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ [intransitive/transitive verb]to find new people to work for a company or organization such as the army 〔公司或军队等〕招聘，吸收〔新成员〕 The police department is trying to recruit more black officers. 警察局打算招聘更多的黑人当警察。 It's getting more and more difficult to recruit experienced staff. 聘请有经验的员工越来越难了。recruit [countable noun]someone who has been recruited 新成员；新兵 At many banks, young recruits first work as tellers. 在许多银行里，新招聘的年轻员工先要当出纳员。sign upalsosignAmerican /ˌsaɪn ˈʌp, saɪn/ [transitive phrasal verb]if a football team, record company, film company etcsigns up orsigns someone, they agree to give them a job and make them sign an official contract 〔足球队、唱片公司、电影公司等〕〔与…〕签约 Allegre was signed by the New York Jets. 阿莱格尔与纽约喷气机队签了约。 Six episodes of the show have been taped, and the actors have been signed for six more. 该剧已拍了六集，演员已签约再拍六集。sign up somebody England soccer star Paul Gascoigne was signed up by a top Italian club. 英格兰足球明星保罗·加斯科因已签约加盟意大利一家顶级俱乐部。sign somebody up The band have just completed a highly successful US tour, and several record companies have offered to sign them up. 这支乐队刚刚圆满地结束了在美国的巡回演出，有几家唱片公司已经提出希望跟他们签约。8 to move to a more important job 升迁至更重要的职位promote /prəˈməʊt/ [transitive verb usually passive]to give someone who works in an organization a more important job than the one they had before 提升，擢升 The company promotes women and minorities whenever possible. 该公司只要有机会就会提升女性和少数民族员工。be promoted Did you hear that David's been promoted? 你听说戴维得到提升了吗?promote somebody to something Shula was promoted to head coach of the Cincinnati Bengals in 1991. 1991年舒拉被擢升为辛辛那提猛虎队的主教练。make somebody something /meɪk somebodysomething/ [verb phrase]to move someone to another job, usually a better, more important one within the same organization 提升某人至某职位 No-one thought they would make him manager so soon after joining the company. 没有人想到他们在他加入公司后没多久就提升他为经理。 He's been made Head of Security at the Chicago National Bank. 他被提升为芝加哥国民银行的保安主管。promotion /prəˈməʊʃən/ [countable/uncountable noun]when someone is given a more important job in an organization 提升，晋升 Civil service tests determine promotion in government jobs. 文职公务员考试决定政府部门职位的提升。 What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? 如果我留在这里有多大的晋升机会?get a promotion She got a promotion last year. 去年她得到了擢升。advancement /ədˈvɑːnsməntǁədˈvæn-/ [uncountable noun]formalwhen someone moves up to a better, more important job 【正式】升职，擢升 Many people are forced to move from one city to another in search of better jobs or career advancement. 许多人为了得到更好的工作或提升，不得不从一个城市迁往另一个城市。move/go/climb up the ladderalsowork your way up the ladder /ˌmuːv, ˌgəʊ, ˌklaɪm ʌp ðə ˈlædəʳ, ˌwɜːʳk jɔːʳ weɪ ʌp ðə ˈlædəʳ/ [verb phrase]to gradually become more and more successful, and get better, more important jobs 〔事业上〕得到成功，获得高位，爬上〔事业上晋升的〕阶梯 Feldman started working for the company at age 18, and slowly worked his way up the ladder. 费尔德曼18岁起为公司工作，慢慢地攀上了高位。 Education is vital to help these children to move up the career ladder. 要帮助这些孩子获得事业上的成功，教育是至关重要的。upgrade /ˌʌpˈgreɪd/ [transitive verb]to move someone up in a job, especially by making the job they are already doing more important, and by paying them more for it 提升〔雇员〕，给〔某人〕升职 The women demanded that their work be upgraded. 这些女性要求升职。upgrade somebody to something After the inspector's visit all temporary workers were upgraded to permanent status. 督察员来访后，所有的临时工都被转为正式工了。9 doing something for a job, rather than for enjoyment 作为一项工作而不是为了取乐而做某事for a living /fər ə ˈlɪvɪŋ/ [adverb]if someone does somethingfor a living, they do it as a job in order to get money to live - use this especially about something that other people do only for fun 为了谋生〔尤用于表示别人做这件事只是为了取乐〕 She actually tastes wine for a living! 她以品尝酒为职业！ No one in the show acts or sings for a living. 这个节目中表演或唱歌的人没有一个是以此谋生的。professionalalsoproinformal /prəˈfeʃənəl, prəʊ/ [adjective]aprofessional musician, tennis player, photographer etc is one who plays music etc as their job and earns money from it 职业的 Professional basketball players can earn huge sums of money. 职业篮球运动员能赚巨额的钱。turn professionalbecome a professional musician, player etc 转为职业的〔乐师、运动员等〕 He was a keen amateur photographer for many years before he turned professional. 多年来他一直是个热心的业余摄影师，是后来才成为专业摄影师的。professional [countable noun] Most athletes these days are highly-trained professionals, who spend their whole time practising or competing. 如今大多数的运动员都是受过高水准训练的职业运动员，他们把所有时间都用于训练或比赛。10 a job that you have in addition to your main job 主要工作之外的一份工作sideline /ˈsaɪdlaɪn/ [countable noun usually singular]a job that you do in addition to your main job, especially because it is something that you enjoy or are interested in 兼职，副业〔尤因喜欢或对此感兴趣〕 I sometimes take wedding photographs on Saturdays -- it's a nice little sideline and it gives me a bit of extra cash. 星期六我有时给人拍拍结婚照—这是个不错的小副业，还可以得到点额外的收入。as a sideline Tracy intended to run the seed business as a sideline, but it soon became her full-time job. 特蕾西打算把种子生意当成副业来做，但很快它就成了她的全职工作。on the side /ɒn ðə ˈsaɪd/ [adverb]if you do a jobon the side, you do it secretly or unofficially, in addition to your main job 〔秘密地或未经正式批准地〕作为兼职 It is difficult to estimate the number of people doing part-time jobs on the side. 从事兼职工作的人数难以估计。 He sometimes does a bit of gardening on the side when he is short of money. 他缺钱用时有时也会兼职做点园艺工作。moonlight /ˈmuːnlaɪt/ [intransitive verb]to do another job, usually in the evenings or at night, in addition to your main job 〔通常在晚上做的〕兼职〔赚外快〕 Carlos is an auto mechanic who moonlights fixing the cars of friends. 卡洛斯是一名汽车修理工，他晚上兼职给朋友修理汽车。 Sarton has been moonlighting for five years to supplement his income. 萨顿五年来一直在晚上兼职以贴补收入。moonlight as Some police officers moonlight as security guards. 有些警察晚上兼职做保安员。
