| 释义 |
tubercular, a. and n.|tjuːˈbɜːkjʊlə(r)|
[ad. mod.L. *tūberculār-is, f. L. tūbercul-um tubercle + -ar.]
A. adj.
1. Nat. Hist., etc.
a. Of the nature or form of a tubercle; consisting of or constituting a tubercle.
b. Having or covered with tubercles, tuberculate.
1817Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xxii. (1818) II. 279 A subcutaneous larva belonging to the same order,..moves also by tubercular legs. 1860Mayne Expos. Lex., Tubercular, having tubercles; tubercled; tuberculate. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. v. 231 The surface of the elytron is covered with..tubercular prominences. 1880Günther Fishes 176 The young are smooth and the old have a tubercular skin.
2. Path.
a. Of, pertaining to, caused or characterized by, or affected with tubercles.
1799–[see b]. 1864H. Spencer Princ. Biol. ii. ii. 152 Tubercular matter, making its appearance at particular points, collects more and more round those points. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 47 Symptomatology—Nodular Leprosy—‘Tuberculated’, ‘tubercular’, ‘tuberculous’, ‘nodular-dermal’, ‘dermal’, ‘cutaneous’, ‘hypertrophic’ leprosy. 1899Ibid. VIII. 805 Tubercular syphilide... The term ‘tubercular’ used above refers solely to the gross infiltration of the skin causing raised nodules, and has..no relation to the tubercle bacillus.
b. spec. In reference to tuberculosis or the tubercle-bacillus; now technically replaced by tuberculous, q.v.
But as the discovery of the bacillus was made known only in 1882, the earlier examples of the word, though actually descriptive of results of the action of the bacillus, did not refer to it, but merely to the presence of tubercules.
1799Med. Jrnl. II. 267, I have had..three cases of confirmed tubercular consumption. 1834J. Forbes Laennec's Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 297 A portion of the pulmonary tissue..impregnated with grey tubercular matter. 1876J. S. Bristowe The. & Pract. Med. (1878) 68 A..tendency of organs to become tubercular. 1898Westm. Gaz. 10 Nov. 8/2 He did not recommend..the removal of every tubercular cow from our dairies and cow-sheds.
Hence tuˈbercularize v., trans. to make tubercular; to infect with tubercles, spec. with tuberculosis, = tuberculize; whence tuˌberculariˈzation; tuˈbercularly adv., by means of tubercles, in quot. spec. of tuberculosis.
1843F. H. Ramadge Curability of Consumption (1850) 55 The more this tissue is expanded, the less susceptibility does it retain of fresh tubercularization. 1889Science 13 Sept. 177/1 Spittoons..should never be emptied on dung-heaps, [or] on garden-soil (where they may tubercularize fowl). 1889Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 260 Having found a characteristic..bacillus in all tubercularly altered organs.
B. n. A person having tuberculosis.
1952Sun (Baltimore) 2 July 14/3 Maryland has three State institutions for the chronically sick, four hospitals for tuberculars, and four for the mentally ill. 1980I. Hunter Malcolm Muggeridge x. 177 In 1949 Orwell left the Isle of Jura to enter a convalescent home for tuberculars at Cranham in Gloucestershire. |
