| 释义 |
▪ I. chevron, n.1|ˈʃɛvrən|
Forms: 5 cheffrounce, 6 chevorn, cheveroune, 7 cheverne, cheavern, 5– cheveron, 6– chevron.
[a. F. chevron rafter, chevron, circumflex accent (in Picard caveron, Pr. cabrion, Sp. cabrio, rafter, chevron):—L. type *capriōn-em f. caper goat: Sp. has also cabriol in same sense:—L. capreol-us, dim. of caper goat, of which the pl. capreoli was applied to two pieces of wood inclined like rafters.]
1. A beam, or rafter; esp. in pl. the rafters or couples of the roof, which meet at an angle at the ridge.
(There is but little evidence of the actual use of this in Eng.)
[c1300Battle Abbey Custumals (1887) 29 Quatuor cheveruns et omnia pertinentia in parietibus. 1331Literæ Cantuar. (Rolls) I. 368, Xij. cheverones et ij postes de quercu.] 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn Chevron, a Chevron, a rafter in the house that beareth vp the roofe. 1611Cotgr., Chevron, a kid; a Chevron (of timber in building); a rafter or sparre. 1617Minsheu, Cheverons. 1692Coles, Chevrons, the strong rafters meeting at the house top. 1851Turner Dom. Archit. I. i. 17 Its timber gable, and seven couples, or cheverons, of the roof.
b. (See quot.).
1762in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 240 Fish yards, cheverons, or other obstructions to navigation in the river.
2. Her. A charge or device on the escutcheon, consisting of a bar bent like two meeting rafters, thus, {logicand}. chevron couped: one which does not touch the sides of the escutcheon; chevron in chief: one which rises to the top of the field; chevron rompee: one with the upper part displaced, as if broken off.
1395in E.E. Wills (1882) 4 A keuerlet of red sendel ypouthered with Cheuerons. 1486Bk. St. Albans, Her. B v b, The secunde pynyon is called cheffrounce, that is, a couple of sparis. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. v. (1660) 123 This Cheuron in Blazon is called Rompee, or rather Rompu. 1675Lond. Gaz. No. 1041/4 Stolen out of the Buttery and Butlers Chamber at New-Colledge in Oxford..one large Silver Pot..and about eleven small ones, all markt with the Colledge Arms, viz. two Cheaverns between three Roses. 1872Ruskin Eagle's Nest §235 The Chevron, a band bent at an angle (properly a right angle)..represents the gable or roof of a house.
3. The same shape used in decorative art, etc.
1608B. Jonson Masque of Blackn. (R.) The top thereof was stuck with a chev'ron of lights. 1835Mudie Brit. Birds (1841) I. 208 The wings and tail are black..the latter with a chevron of white. 1865Lubbock Preh. Times vi. 169 Incised patterns in which the chevron or herring-bone constantly reappears. 1879Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. II. 816 These chamfers..enriched with chevrons of slight depth.
4. esp. A distinguishing mark or badge on the sleeve of non-commissioned officers, policemen, etc.
1813Wellington in Gurw. Disp. X. 363, I am ignorant to what purpose..5000 serjeants' chevrons..are to be applied. 1844Regul. & Ord. Army 149 The Non-commissioned Officers..are to wear Chevrons on each Arm. 1868Times 3 Mar., Constables O'Brien and Mackay, who assisted in the arrest, received chevrons. 1884Sir F. S. Roberts in 19th Cent. June 1072 No reason why the chevron should not still be given..to mark certain periods of average good conduct.
5. attrib. and Comb., as chevron-cloth, chevron-form, chevron-pattern, chevron-shaped adj.; chevron-bone, the V-shaped bone branching from the vertebral column of some animals; chevron-moulding, an ornamental moulding of a zigzag pattern; chevron-work = prec. Also chevron-wise (-ways) adv., in the manner of a chevron.
1836Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 569/1 The *chevron bones of the anterior portion of the tail.
1884Cassell's Fam. Mag. Mar. 246/1 *Chevron cloth owes its name to the herring-bone weaving.
1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 138 The zigzag or *chevron moulding, which is generally used in great profusion.
1616W. Browne Brit. Past. i. iv, The Plow-man..Throwes up the fruitful earth in ridged hils, Betweene whose *chevron forme he leaves a balke.
1854Woodward Mollusca (1856) 87 *Chevron-shaped coloured bands.
1610J. Guillim Heraldry ii. vi. (1611) 58 Two lines erected *Cheuronwaies. 1864Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xvii. §2. 274 A line set chevron-wise.
▪ II. † ˈchevron, n.2 Obs.
Also cheveron.
[app. an error for cheverel (but Cotgr. has ‘chevron kid’): cheveron in Old French was a stuff containing goat's hair. Sir W. Scott, in his use of the word, probably merely followed quot. 1754.]
‘A glove’ (Jamieson); app. meant for: Kid-glove.
1754Sir J. Scott Stagger. State of Sc. Statesm. 50 (Jam.) Sir Gideon by chance letting his chevron fall to the ground, the king, altho' being both stiff and old, stooped down and gave him his glove. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. viii, A black pair o' cheverons! 1826― Woodst. III. 200. 1828 ― F.M. Perth v, I..am sorry for that poor lover who will never wear right-handed chevron again.
▪ III. ˈchevron, v. rare.
[f. chevron n.1, or ad. F. chevronner, to adorn or charge with chevrons.]
trans. To fit with chevrons or things arranged chevronwise; to make with a chevron pattern. Also ˈchevroned ppl. a.
1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. iii. i. vi. 92 You must sewe of cloutes incoled or cheverned and laye them upon the wounde. 1606B. Jonson Hymenæi (R.) Whose nether parts, with their bases, were of watchet cloth of silver, chev'ron'd all over with lace. 1851–3Turner Dom. Archit. II. v. 227, (transl. Lib. Roll. 35 Hen. III) And cover the chamber..with shingle and chevron it [orig. keveronari facias]. 1941E. Blunden Thomas Hardy iii. 49 The chevroned doorway of a village church tower. 1946R. Campbell Talking Bronco 45 And Boreas opens out his throttle Down speedways chevroned by the storks. 1960Guardian 22 July 8/5 White satin appears chevronned with brown velvet. |
