| 释义 |
Ringelmann|ˈrɪŋgəlmən|
[Of uncertain attribution; perh. the name of Maximilien Ringelmann (1861–1931), French scientist.]
Used attrib. and † in the possessive with reference to a means of estimating the darkness and density of smoke by visual comparison with a chart bearing different shades of grey (formed by lines ruled with different spacings on a white card); as Ringelmann card, Ringelmann chart, Ringelmann scale.
1898S. B. Donkin Heat Efficiency of Steam Boilers ix. 184 Ringelmann's smoke scale.—Professor Ringelmann has conceived the idea of representing different intensities of smoke, from light through grey to black, not by small sample tints, which are apt to be misleading, but by an arrangement of lines on white paper, drawn in a particular way. 1905W. Nicholson Smoke Abatement vii. 144 Copies of the Ringelmann Smoke Scales..are obtainable. 1923H. G. Clinch Smoke Inspector's Handbk. vii. 74 (heading) Measurement of smoke—Ringelmann's shade cards. 1954[see dark smoke s.v. dark a. 14 c]. 1958New Scientist 5 June 101/1 Discharge of smoke darker than Shade 2 on the Ringelmann chart..for a total of more than ten minutes within eight hours is forbidden. 1962B.S.I. News May 20 The B.S.I. has..undertaken..the preparation of standard Ringelmann charts and the measurement of solids emitted from chimneys. |
