| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈventilate, pa. pple. Obs. rare.
[ad. L. ventilāt-us, pa. pple. of ventilāre: see next.]
Discussed or debated; thoroughly sifted or ventilated.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 141 A cause was ventilate and movede thro the commaundemente of the pope. Ibid. 299 This Foroneus ordeynede..causes to be ventilate afore a iugge. 1528in Burnet Hist. Ref., Rec. (Pocock) I. 126 All the matter declared and ventilate. 1532–3Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 12, Courtes..where the said mattier nowe beyng in contencion..shall happen to be ventilate, commensed, or begunne.
▪ II. ventilate, v.|ˈvɛntɪleɪt|
Also 5 ventilatte, 6 -tylate, 7 -tulate, -tillate.
[f. L. ventilāt-, ppl. stem of ventilāre to brandish, fan, winnow, agitate (whence It. ventilare, Prov., Sp., Pg. ventilar, F. ventiler), f. vent-us wind. Cf. eventilate v.]
I.
†1. trans. Of wind: To blow away (something); to scatter. Obs.—1
a1440Found. St. Bartholomew's (E.E.T.S.) 8 Of .iiii. wyndys, remembrith Zacharie seiynge,..‘these ben the hornnys that shall blowe and ventilatte [L. ventilaverunt] Iude, Israel, and Ierusalem’.
2. To fan or winnow (corn, etc.). Also in fig. context.
1609[Bp. W. Barlow] Answ. Nameless Cath. 323 Yet is it not the peeuish..tongue of Father Parsons, that must Ventilate the Corne of this Floore, to trie whether I bee chaffe or wheate. 1623in Cockeram i. 1791Cowper Iliad v. 594 As flies the chaff..O'er all the consecrated floor, what time Ripe Ceres with brisk airs her golden grain Ventilates. 1846Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. I. 226 It is required..not merely that we place the grain in a garner, but that we ventilate and sift it; that we separate the full from the empty.
†3. To increase (a fire or flame) by blowing or fanning. Chiefly fig. or in fig. context. Obs.
1613Jackson Creed i. 144 They blow the fire which it had kindled, ventilating and inlarging the deuouring flame. 1648Sparke Pref. Shute's Sarah & Hagar b j b, Pouring out the water of his tears upon our common Flames, which others ventilated. 1691Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) IV. 21 So will Devotion [languish] if it have not vent by good Discourse, which fans and ventilates its Holy Fire. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 478 Speech ventilates our intellectual fire.
†4. To put or set (air) in motion; to move or agitate; to renew or freshen in this way. Obs.
1635Valentine Foure Sea-Serm. 41 If a man have a fan in his hand he may ventilate and agitate the still ayre into a winde. 1664Power Exp. Philos. iii. 180 To keep constant fires under-ground to purifie and ventilate the Ayr. 1710J. B. Let. Sacheverell 4 You..seem to fight Blindfold,..and by thus ventilating and beating the Air,..expose your own Persons. 1775Sir E. Barry Observ. Wines 403 Putrid exhalations in low marshy ground..where the air is not ventilated.
5.
†a. To expose (blood) to the chemical action of the air; to aerate, oxygenate. Obs.
1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. 377 The blood is yet more ventilated if it be speedily moved. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., When the Bloud is ventilated and purged from oppressing Vapours. 1891Cent. Dict. s.v., Lungs ventilate the blood.
b. To expose (substances, etc.) to fresh air so as to keep in, or restore to, good condition.
1755Hales in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 344, I ventilated three gallons of stinking Jessops-well purging water. 1763Mills Pract. Husb. III. 123 This corn..was not ventilated more than six days in a year. 1771A. Young Farmer's Tour East Eng. I. 345 The cows gave vast quantities of milk,..but it was very strong, though ventilated. 1846Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. II. 86/1 Thy carcase did not even receive a fly-blow... Thy guardian angel..could not ventilate thee better. 1855Poultry Chron. III. 449 The wheat should be kept cool, well ventilated, and frequently moved.
c. trans. To supply air to (the lungs); to supply air, esp. artificially, to the lungs of; also transf.
1919Flack & Hill Textbk. Physiol. xxxii. 288 It is only when the lungs are well ventilated that the parts most remote from these surfaces of direct expansion are brought properly into action. 1946J. F. Fulton Howell's Textbk. Physiol. (ed. 15) xxxix. 871 Under normal rest conditions..5·6 litres of air..are available to ventilate the alveoli. 1971Nature 21 May 181/1 When necessary the lungs were ventilated mechanically with a Palmer respiration pump. 1975Ibid. 23 Oct. 674/1 Animals were artificially ventilated with a mixture of N2O{b1}O2{b1}CO2. 1978Sci. Amer. Aug. 95/2 Heating the hypothalamus caused the fish to ventilate its gills faster. 1979Daily Tel. 6 Nov. 3/6 All they had in fact when the plug was pulled was a corpse being ventilated by a machine.
6. a. Of air: To blow upon, to pass over or circulate through, so as to purify or freshen.
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 229 The Air, which ventilates and cools the Mines. 1784Cowper Task iii. 426 That air and sun, Admitted freely, may..ventilate and warm the swelling buds. 1810Sir A. Boswell Edinburgh in Chambers Sc. Poems (1862) 166 Sweeping breezes ventilate each street. 1835M. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sci. (ed. 2) xxv. 267 Neither can the warmth of mines be attributed to the condensation of the currents of air which ventilate them. 1869J. Phillips Vesuv. ii. 37 Strabo describes it as ventilated by the south-west wind.
fig.1760Goldsm. Ess. No. 15, Opposition, when restrained within due bounds, is the salubrious gale that ventilates the opinions of the people. 1795Burke Let. W. Smith Wks. 1812 IX. 403 The divisions, which formerly prevailed in the Church,..only purified and ventilated our common faith.
b. Of a fan: To cool by producing a current of air.
1805–6Cary Dante, Inf. xv. 39 Whoever..One instant stops, lies then a hundred years, No fan to ventilate him, when the fire Smites sorest.
7. To supply (a room, building, mine, etc.) with fresh air in place of that which is vitiated, exhausted, or stagnant; to produce a free current of air in (some enclosed space) so as to maintain a fresh supply. Cf. ventilator 1.
1758S. Hales Descr. Ventilators II. 39 When the Wards of the lower Floors are to be ventilated. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVIII. 639/1 The order for ventilating the fleet issued by the lords of the admiralty in 1756. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 217 The great object in ventilating houses which are kept at a high temperature is to avoid thorough-draughts. 1854Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 251 The House of Commons..has been warmed and ventilated under the superintendence..of Dr. Reid. 1888M. E. Braddon Fatal Three i. v, How to ventilate and purify his cottages.
absol.1845Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 1054 About the year 1741, Dr. Hales introduced a method of ventilating by bellows. 1854Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 244 A very admirable system of heating and ventilating by hot water.
8.
†a. = breathe v. 16. Obs.—0
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., To ventilate a vein, i.e. to breath or open it.
b. To provide (a mould, etc.) with a vent or vents to allow the escape of air or gas.
1895in Funk's Stand. Dict.
c. slang. To shoot (someone or something) with a gun, usu. to kill. Also of a bullet: to make a hole in (something).
1875C. B. Lewis Quad's Odds 473 Some of our folks cleaned up their revolvers..hoping to get a shot at McGrady and to ventilate the mule. 1917[see cockpit 3 c]. 1948‘R. Macdonald’ in H. Q. Masur Murder Most Foul (1973) 103 ‘A man was shot in one of his rooms.’.. ‘Who was it got himself ventilated?’ 1979C. Egleton Backfire ix. 98 You'd just better pray he doesn't kill somebody..because he's talking about ventilating people.
†9. intr. To get rid of exhalations. Obs.—1
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 39 The Lamps always burning, are by open Funnels above suffered to ventilate.
II.
10. trans. To examine or investigate (a question, topic, etc.) freely or thoroughly by discussion or debate; to sift or discuss in free argument, controversy, or examination; to bring to public notice or consideration in this way.
Freq. c 1620–c 1680, and from c 1850.
1527in Fiddes Wolsey (1726) II. 172 This cawse of matrymonie myght no where be ventylated or dyscussed. 1597J. King On Jonas (1618) 225 There was no Father in the Church who had greater reason to ventilate this argument vnto the bottome. 1622Donne Serm. Wks. 1839 VI. 213 Some Articles concerning the falling away from justifying grace..had been ventilated in Conventicles. 1657Heylin Ecclesia Vind. 95 The point had been somewhat ventulated betwixt the honourable Remonstrant on the one part, and the Smectymnians on the other. 1674Grew Lect. in Anat. Pl. (1682) 222 The experience of so many years, wherein it hath been ventilated by the disputes of men, proveth as much. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 151 Nor is the Right of the Party..so far perempted, but that the same may be..ventilated de Novo. 1759Hurd Mor. & Pol. Dial. (1760) 97 Questions of natural science will doubtless be effectually..ventilated in the new society. 1784in Boswell Johnson 27 June, He is..not enough known: his character has been only ventilated in party pamphlets. 1846W. H. Mill Five Serm. (1848) 52 We have discussed and ventilated all points. 1857Fraser's Mag. LVI. 351 Politicians do not ‘discuss’ subjects in the year of grace 1857: they ‘ventilate’ them. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Organ. 2 The subject has not been sufficiently ventilated. 1870Disraeli Sel. Sp. (1882) II. 325 Those friends who were, to use a barbarous expression, ‘ventilating’ the question.
11. To publish abroad; to make public. rare.
1530Palsgr. 765/2 He is nat worthy to be a counsaylour that ventylateth the maters abrode. a1734North Lives (1826) II. 65 Such a step..would have been loudly ventilated abroad as a plain declaration that popery was to govern. 1837Landor Pentameron v. Wks. 1853 II. 346/1 Deeming it better, when irregular thoughts assailed me, to ventilate them abroad.
12. a. To utter; to give utterance or expression to (an opinion, view, etc.): to make known to others.
1637Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. ii. ix. 44 Why then doeth he ventilate words for reason? 1855F. Stephen in Cambr. Ess. 183 The habit..of using novels to ventilate opinions. 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. iv, There were already several things in his head which he was anxious to ventilate. 1872E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 219 An angry Kentish landholder..might have ventilated his grievances upon Pennenden Heath. 1883Jrnl. Education XVII. 264 To rush into print and ‘ventilate his views’.
transf.1856Sat. Rev. 2 Feb. 241/2 Although it is necessary for Lord Derby..to ventilate his oratory, Parliament and the country are ready for peace. 1870W. R. Greg Polit. Problems 198 It reflects and ventilates the national conceptions.
b. To give vent to, provide outlet or escape for (passion, etc.).
1823Lamb Lett. xiii. 128 He is welcome to them..if they can divert a spleen or ventilate a fit of sullenness.
†13. To carry on, take part in (a controversy).
1607R. C[arew] tr. Estienne's World Wond. 275 There was neuer yet controuersie in Christian religion so..virulently canuased and ventilated. 1678Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. Pref., Strangius..has ventilated this controversy with..force of argument beyond his sectators.
†14. To estimate the value of; to appraise. Obs.
Directly from F. ventiler: cf. evaluate v. b.
1682Warburton Hist. Guernsey (1822) 82 [To] see his goods..ventilated, i.e. appraised and sold for discharge of the debt.
Hence ˈventilating ppl. a.
1817Kirby & Sp. Entomol. II. 196 Approach your hand to a ventilating bee, and you will find that she causes a very perceptible motion in the air. c1853–4Tomlinson's Cycl. Arts, etc. (1866) II. 836/1 Throttle-valves..by which the rate of the ventilating current can be increased or diminished. |
