| 释义 |
▪ I. compromise, n.|ˈkɒmprəmaɪz|
Forms: 5–7 comprimise, 6–7 -ize, 6 -prymise; 6–7 -premise, 6 -yse, -ize, -isse; 5 -promesse, 6 -isse, 7 -ize, (6 compramis), 5– compromise.
[a. F. compromis, ad. L. comprōmiss-um, pa. pple. of comprōmittĕre (also OF. compromisce, L. type *compromiss-a): see compromit.]
†1. Promise or mutual promise. rare. Obs.
1448Craft of Lovers (R. suppl.), Me semeth by feiture of womanly property Ye should be trusty and trew of comprimis.
†2.
a. A joint promise or agreement made by contending parties to abide by the decision of an arbiter or referee. Also, the document in which such an agreement is drawn up. Obs.
1426in Arnolde Chron. (1520) 116 To this present compromise, my sayd Lorde of Glouceter hath subscribid his name..and in semblable forme my lorde of Winchester in a nother compromise subscribid wt his hande..to stond at the aduyse ordinaunce and arbitrement of y⊇ parsons aboue⁓sayd. 1464Plumpton Corr. 10 Horbury sais that ye & the minister stand in comprimise to abide the award of Sir John Malivera & others. a1559Tonstal Let. in Burnet Records No. 9 (R.) The compromise of them all made unto the said King Edward the First to stand to his judgment. 1594West Symbol. ii. Compromise §1 A Compromise is the faculty or power of pronouncing sentence between persons at variance, given to Arbitrators by the parties mutuall private consent. 1656Blount Glossogr., Compromize.
b. election by compromise: see quots.
1726Ayliffe Parerg. 242 The third Form of an Election was that of a Compromissum, viz. when some certain Clergymen qualified by Law, had a power granted to them of electing by a Compromise. 1727–51Chambers Cycl., Compromise..in beneficiary matters..signifies an act, whereby those who have the right of election, transfer it to one or more persons, to elect a person capable of the office. 1885Cath. Dict. 204/1 Compromise is, when all the cardinals agree to entrust the election to a small committee of two or three members of the body.
3. The settlement or arrangement made by an arbiter between contending parties; arbitration.
1479in Eng. Gilds 426 The Maire and Shiref of Bristowe to kepe theire due residence at the Counter..to sett parties in rest and ease by theire advertysement, compromesse, or otherwise; ynless then it so requyre that they must remit theym to the lawe. 1580E. Knight Tryall of Truth 30 (T.) Either the parties are persuaded by friends, or by their lawyers, to put the matter in comprymise. 1591Horsey Trav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 256 The Company and I made even of all things euer past betwen us, by compramis of fower woorthy personages. 1598Shakes. Merry W. i. i. 33, I..will be glad to do my beneuolence, to make attonements and compremises betweene you. 1644Bulwer Chirol. 93 Those who..refer their controversies to an arbiter, put to comprimise, or chuse an umpier.
4. a. A coming to terms, or arrangement of a dispute, by concessions on both sides; partial surrender of one's position, for the sake of coming to terms; the concession or terms offered by either side.
In U.S. history, the name of various arrangements between contending sections on the questions of the tariff, (e.g. Compromise Act of 1833) and of slavery (Missouri Compromise of 1820, Compromise of 1850, Crittenden C. of 1860).
1516Fabyan vii. 663 The sayd Cristofer suyd the sheryffes..and fynally [they] were fayne, by waye of compremyse, to gyue vnto hym an hondreth marke. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. i. 253 War'd he hath not, But basely yeelded vpon comprimize, That which his Ancestors atchieu'd with blowes. 1595― John v. i. 67 Shall we..make comprimise, Insinuation, parley, and base truce To Armes Inuasiue? 1726Berkeley Let. T. Prior 12 Nov. Wks. 1871 IV. 137 If the affair with Partinton were adjusted this winter, by reference or compromise. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. II. 509 It was..necessary to come to a compromise with the papal commissioners. 1878Gen. R. Taylor in N. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 77 The Missouri Compromise of 1820. 1879Froude Cæsar xv. 225 Invidious laws had been softened by compromise.
b. A settlement of debts by composition.
1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 388 Munir-al-Mulk had consented to a compromise of his debts.
5. a. fig. Adjustment for practical purposes of rival courses of action, systems, or theories, conflicting opinions or principles, by the sacrifice or surrender of a part of each.
a1711Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 119, I in my Breast would lodge a double Mind, One to the World, and one to Heav'n inclin'd; And by this Com-promise strove to adjust The Rights of Conscience, and the Claims of Lust. 1775Burke Sp. Conc. Amer. Wks. III. 111 All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment, every virtue, and every prudent act, is founded on compromise and barter..we give and take; we remit some rights, that we may enjoy others. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. x. II. 629 Logic admits of no compromise. The essence of politics is compromise. 1860Kingsley Misc. II. 65 Our governors now..make a fair compromise between discipline and freedom.
b. quasi-concr. Applied to anything that results from or embodies such an arrangement.
1797Godwin Enquirer i. i. 2 All virtue is a compromise between opposite motives and inducements. 1821J. Q. Adams in C. Davies Metr. Syst. iii. (1871) 175 This last decree is a compromise between philosophical theory and inveterate popular habits. 1858J. Martineau Studies Chr. 270 You deny the self-consistency of the Church of England and call it a compromise.
6. A putting in peril or hazard, endangering, exposure to risk or suspicion: see compromise v. 8. † to put to compromise [F. mettre en compromis]: to risk, hazard, imperil (obs.).
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 172 It is absurd..to hazzard and put to comprimise (as it were) our owne reputation and vertue for another man. 1844Lever T. Burke lv, Where each could come without compromise of dignity.
7. attrib., esp. defining a thing intermediate between two others or possessing an accommodating combination of characteristics.
1833Congress. Deb. 27 Feb. 1864 The olive branch, the compromise tariff bill, will probably allay the excited feelings of the South. 1893Westm. Gaz. 17 Oct. 7/3 It is said that a compromise amendment will be laid before the Senate tomorrow. 1898Engineering Mag. XV. 102 Better practice requires that the exhaust or low-pressure steam should be used, supplemented by high-pressure steam from the boilers, the combination giving the desired temperature. There are several similar compromise points, which need not be mentioned. 1904Daily Chron. 21 Oct. 5/6 The House of Deputies subsequently adopted by a great majority a compromise resolution. 1906Ibid. 24 Oct. 6/6 Wellington is a compromise capital. Auckland, the original capital, was too far north to suit the southern folks, and Dunedin..was too far south to be tolerated by the northerners. 1953C. E. Bazell Ling. Form 60 The morpheme is a compromise-unit rather than a purely distributional unit.
▪ II. compromise, v.|ˈkɒmprəmaɪz|
Also 7 comprimise, -ize, -premyze, 7–8 -premise, -ize, 7 -promize.
[f. the n., in various distinct uses; in some of these replacing the earlier compromit.
(Comprimize attributed to Wolsey 1524 in Fiddes' Wolsey (1724) II. 88, is an evident error for comprise.)]
I.
†1. trans. Of arbiters: To adjust or settle (differences, conflicting claims, etc.) between parties. Also fig. Obs.
1598Florio, Compromettere, to compromise, or arbitrate. Compromessario, an arbitrer or vmpier to compromise a thing. 1606Heywood 2nd Pt. If you know Wks. 1874 I. 262 The Lady Ramsey hath..Porcur'd the reuerend preacher, Doctor Nowell, To comprimise and end our difference. 1647Ward Simp. Cobler (1843) 22 If the whole conclave of Hell can so compromise exadverse and diametricall contradictions. a1661Fuller Worthies, Lanc., Hugh of Manchester, In that Age such mortified men were presumed the most proper Persons, peaceably to compremise differences between the greatest Princes. 1718Freethinker No. 9 ⁋2 To compremise this Affair equitably. 1798W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XXV. 571 Frequent comparision is necessary to select their coincidences, to compromise their deviations, and to reconcile their seeming contradictions.
†2. to be compromised: to be agreed as the result of compromise or mutual concession, to have come to terms. Obs.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. iii. 79 When Laban and himselfe were compremyz'd That all the eanelings which were streakt and pied Should fall as Iacobs hier. 1799Coleridge tr. Schiller's Piccolom. iv. vi, Are you compromised? [Ger. Seid ihr einig?]
3. Of contending parties: To settle (differences) by mutual concession; to come to terms about.
1679T. Puller Moder. Ch. Eng. iv. (1843) 35 When time serves, they that make the difference can compromise it. 1755Johnson Dict. s.v., i. To compound; to adjust a compact by mutual concessions: as, they compromised the affair at a middle rate. 1770Placid Man I. 96 Prudence might suggest to me to compromise the matter with my father. 1803Wellington in Owen Disp. 221 The knowledge of our arrangements..may induce..Scindiah and Holkar to compromise their differences. 1853C. Brontë Villette xxiii. (1876) 243 To speak truth, I compromised matters; I served two masters. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xviii, With much difficulty, the dispute was compromised.
4. intr. To come to terms by mutual concession; to come to an agreement by the partial surrender of position or principles.
1656H. More Antid. Ath. ii. iii. (1662) 48 Those that are most dumb will at least compromise with the rest that all things are by the guidance..of a Knowing Principle. 1662― Philos. Writ. Pref. Gen. (1712) 26 He may with a safe conscience compromise with his Superiours, and use their language..concerning such things. 1679T. Puller Moder. Ch. Eng. xvii. 458 No [re]formed church in the Christian world is more truly protestant than is the church of England; nor any which (all things compared) less compromiseth with Rome. 1754Richardson Grandison I. xxxviii. 277 To induce him to compromise on those terms. 1798W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XXV. 577 It would be more convenient to compromise with custom. 1874Morley Compromise (1886) 56 The disciples of the relative may afford to compromise. The disciples of the absolute, never. 1880McCarthy Own Times III. xliii. 293 Two extreme parties there were who would not compromise.
†5. trans. To compound for, make composition for. rare. (Cf. the n. sense 4 b.)
1757Herald (1758) II. 9 No. 16 The landed gentlemen should suffer..with them, and compromise the sufferings with the alienation of a part..of their estates.
6. intr. To make a practical compromise. (See the n. sense 5.)
1836Southey Lett. (1856) IV. 461, I never thought of compromising between a present and a posthumous edition.
II.
†7. trans. To entrust (a matter) to a person for his decision or award. Obs.
1642T. Goodwin Heart of Christ in H. 58, I could put my soule into such a mans hands, and can comprimise my salvation to him.
8. ‘To put to the hazard of being censured’ (Phillips); to expose (oneself, one's own or another's reputation, credit, or interests) to risk or danger, to imperil; to involve in a hazardous course, to commit (oneself).
1696Phillips s.v., It behov'd him not to Compromise his Honour and his Reputation. 1727–31in Bailey vol. II. 1785 T. Jefferson Corr. Wks. 1859 I. 436, I think..you by no means compromised yourself or your country. 1795Roscoe L. de Medici vii. (1836) 232 An open attack [by Politiano upon Merula] might therefore have compromised the name of Lorenzo. 1810T. Green Diary 29 Sept. 1796 Compromise..he [Roscoe] employs, by what authority I know not, to express the putting to hazard by implication. 1841Myers Cath. Th. iii. §35 No essential of Jewish faith would be compromised by doubting the Divine dictation of the Proverbs of Agur. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. 171 The characters of a king of England, and of the three estates of the realm, are compromised in the treatment which she received from them. 1883― Short Stud. IV. i. vii. 76 Alexander..had no intention of compromising himself by an authoritative decision. |
