| 释义 |
▪ I. lustre, n.1|ˈlʌstə(r)|
Also 6 Sc. lustir, 6– (now U.S.) luster.
[a. F. lustre masc., = Sp., Pg. lustre, It. lustro, Rumanian lustru; a Com. Rom. vbl. n. f. L. lūstrāre to illumine, prob. repr. an earlier *lūc-strāre f. lūc-, lūx light.]
1. a. The quality or condition of shining by reflected light; sheen, refulgence; gloss.
Often with adj., as metallic, pearly, silky, waxy lustre.
c1522More Dequat. noviss. Wks. 73/2 He that by good vse and experyence, hathe in his eye the ryghte marke and very trewe lustre of the Dyamonte. 1529― Dyaloge i. ibid. 159/2 The iewell,..the bryght lustre where of bleryd eyes might not endure to beholde. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. ii. 124 That same Eye, whose bend doth awe the World, Did loose his Lustre. 1670in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 15 Theire ordnary designes [in tapestry]..with a whiles use will soone loose their luster. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Curriers give a lustre, or gloss to their leather, several ways, according to the colour to be illustrated. 1738Gray Tasso 65 All stones of lustre shoot their vivid ray. 1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. vii. 135 The dark and dazzling lustre of her eyes frequently shone in tears. 1845G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. I. 77 Minute scales of caprate of baryta, of a fatty lustre. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. i. (1879) 8 A coating of a hard glossy substance with a pearly lustre. 1871W. H. G. Kingston Banks Amazon (1876) 111 The wool appeared very long, soft, fine, and of a silky lustre. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 75 Cut a piece of lead or of zinc, and observe the lustre of its fresh surface.
b. rarely in pl. Appearances of lustre.
1614T. Tomkis Albumazar ii. iii. (1615) D 4, By the whitenesse and bright sparkling lustres We allure th' Intelligences to descend. a1625Beaum. & Fl. Custom Country v. v, She being set in yeares next, none of those lusters Appearing in her eye, that warme the fancy. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Love Wks. (Bohn) I. 76 Like opaline doves'-neck lustres, hovering and evanescent.
c. concr. pl. Applied to the eyes.
1810F. Dudley Amoroso I. 118 (Fitzedw. Hall).
d. A material or composition used to impart a lustre to manufactured articles.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., For very black furs, they sometimes prepare a lustre of galls, copperas, Roman alum,..and other ingredients. 1875[see lustring vbl. n. b].
e. In ceramics, the surface sheen produced by glazing; the material used for glazing. Also ellipt., = lustre ware below. Hence lustre-glazed, lustre-painted adjs.
1829S. Shaw Hist. Staffordshire Pott. x. 227 The Lustre of our day is a good red clay body, with a fine brown glaze; upon which is laid, for Gold Lustre, a very thin coating of a chemical mixture containing a small quantity of Gold in solution. 1892J. R. & F. Kidson Hist. Notices Leeds Old Pott. 87 The Agate ware made at the Leeds Pottery was contemporary with the earliest makes of their Silver Lustre. 1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 681/2 Luster band, open Meakin's English-ware... The decorations are of a heavy luster band and a flower sprig in luster which resembles gold very closely. 1939Burlington Mag. May 227/2 A lustre-glazed tile made at Valencia in the late fifteenth century. 1961Antiquaries Jrnl. XLI. 9 A lustre-painted bowl of Malaga ware in the Staatliche Museen, East Berlin. 1969G. Lewis Collector's Hist. Eng. Pott. xvi. 157 The newly introduced technique of electro-plating made the silver lustre less popular and production ceased. 1973Country Life 11 Nov. 1049/1 Morris's philosophy extended as much to..rush-bottomed chairs as to gold lustre.
2. a. Luminosity, brilliancy, bright light; luminous splendour.
1549Compl. Scot. vi. 53 The spere & hauyn of Venus..is ane grit sterne of ane meruelous lustir. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. xi. 58 With bils and glayves making a dreadfull luster. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 40 Her three lanthornes..afforded the greater lustre, because of the chrystal, cut diamond-wise. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. v. 19 God expects no lustre from the minor stars. 1694Addison Ovid's Met. Misc. Wks. 1726 I. 195 And now the scorching Sun was mounted high, In all its lustre. 1782Wolcot (P. Pindar) Lyric Odes to R. Acad. v, Thus stars, when pinch'd by frost, cast keener lustre. 1799Vince Elem. Astron. xxi. (1810) 229 Obstructing the lustre of the sun's beams. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge xlvii, The sun was shining with uncommon lustre. 1893Sir R. Ball Story of Sun 218 The lustre of the most remote part of the corona..was about one eight-hundreth part of the brightness of the Moon.
b. concr. A shining body or form.
1742Young Nt. Th. v. 307 As glaring day Of these unnumber'd lustres robs our sight. 1814Cary Dante, Par. v. 126, [I] turn'd Toward the lustre, that with greeting kind Erewhile had hail'd me.
3. transf. Radiant beauty or splendour (of the countenance, of natural objects, etc.).
1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. ii. Wks. 1856 I. 78 Till the soile of griefe Were cleared your cheeke, and new burnisht lustre Cloath'd your presence. 1727Gay Begg. Op. i. vii, Virgins are like the fair flower in its lustre. 1728–46Thomson Autumn 1320 When Autumn's yellow lustre gilds the world. 1844Disraeli Coningsby i. i, His countenance, radiant with health and the lustre of innocence. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid i. 591 Manhood's glorious lustre and noble joy in his eyes.
4. fig. in various applications, esp. Brilliance or splendour of renown; glory. Often in phrases, to add lustre to, to shed or throw lustre on, etc. Also, splendid beauty (of language, sentiments, etc.).
c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 69 The third chapter..casteth forth a very jolly glistering lustre of many goodly illations of such things as..make little against us. 1580Sidney Ps. xxxvii. iv, Like the light, he shall display Thy justice in most shining lustre. 1614Raleigh Hist. World iii. (1634) 112 These actions, together with his honourable behaviour, which added much to their lustre, were more glorious than profitable. 1629Maxwell tr. Herodian (1635) 185 Hee affected popular Lustre by frequent exhibiting most Stately Shewes. 1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. 85 The..chastity of Stile, which lendeth a luster to your elaborate writings. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. iii. 202, I hold mine own Religion so good, as it needs not fetch lustre from the disgrace of another. 1713Addison Cato i. i, How does the lustre of our father's actions, Through the dark cloud of ills that cover him, Break out. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 304 The Duke of Richmond was sent to give a lustre to that negociation. 1741Middleton Cicero I. i. 1 His birth..was attended by prodigies, foretelling the future eminence and luster of his character. 1756–82J. Warton Ess. Pope (ed. 4) I. iv. 239 The pomp and lustre of his language. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 3 She was..charmed by the lustre of his sentiments. 1769Robertson Chas. V, ii. Wks. 1813 V. 295 It threw great lustre on his administration. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. xi. I. 295 The virtues of Claudius..place him in that short list of emperors who added lustre to the Roman purple. 1874H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. iv. iv. 253 Mythical lustre illumined all the historic facts of Abraham's life. 1880Disraeli Endym. I. xix. 166 As she dilated on the past, she seemed to share its lustre and its triumphs. 1882C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xx. 152 Its future is a future which..is likely to add fresh lustre to the Newspaper Press.
†b. Something that adds lustre; a glory. Obs.
a1625Beaum. & Fl. Wit without M. iii. i, To thinke well of our selues, if we deserue it, is a luster in us. 1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 436 Which virtues were most eminent in this singular servant of God, as a luster to his great learning. a1647Habington Surv. Worc. in Proc. Worc. Hist. Soc. III. 359 The degree of knighthood, which is not onely a luster to a family, but giueth a precedence. 1647Fuller Holy War v. xxx, 286 The Persian or the Tartarian or some other obscure Prince..shall have the lustre from God to maul this great Empire.
†c. External splendour, magnificence. Obs.
1658Sir T. Browne Hydriot. iv. (1736) 46 Solemnizing Nativities and Deaths with equal Lustre. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xi. §169 They inveighed vehemently against lord bishops, their pride and lustre.
5. a. † A glass ball placed among artificial lights to increase the brightness of the illumination (obs.); also, one of the prismatic glass pendants often attached in circles to a chandelier or hung round the edge of an ornamental vase. b. A chandelier [the usual sense in Fr.].
1682Wheler Journ. Greece ii. 187 Hung with many great Circles of Lamps..intermixed with Lustres or Balls of Glass. 1716Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Mar 8 Sept., The whole is made gay by pictures..and in almost every room large lustres of rock crystal. 1754in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 160 A glass lustre or chandelier. 1812Moore Intercepted Lett. viii. 45 Many a maid, with busy feet That sparkle in the Lustre's ray. 1836–7Dickens Sk. Boz, Scenes xxi, The remains of a lustre, without any drops. 1842Francis Dict. Arts, Lustre, a bright brass chandelier, suspended from a ceiling, as we see in churches, theatres, &c. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 1133 A bronze lustre for sixty candles. 1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vii. (1875) 277 Lustres of coloured crystal.
6. a. A thin light dress material having a cotton (formerly also silk or linen) warp and woollen weft and a highly lustrous surface.
1831G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 299 Poplins and lustres are..composed partly of silk and partly of worsted. 1877Burroughs Taxation 555 Linen lustres..are dutiable. 1881Daily News 26 Aug. 5/1 We do not believe there lives a woman whose partriotism would induce her to wear an English lustre if she is able to buy a French cashmere.
b. A kind of wool having a lustrous surface.
1894Times 22 Jan. 13/4 The best lustres and demi-lustres are sure to be more in request than any other kinds.
7. attrib. and Comb., as lustre bowl, lustre china, lustre jug, lustre mug, lustre process, lustre tea-pot, lustre trade, lustre tile; in sense ‘having a lustrous or glossy surface’, as lustre fabric, lustre fleece, lustre goods, lustre wool; objective gen., as lustre-maker; lustre mottling, ‘the peculiar mottling seen in pœcilitic rocks’ (Webster Suppl. 1902); lustre ware, cheap pottery with surface ornamentation in bright metallic colours.; spec. pottery which is given a metallic lustre by the application of a metal oxide to its surface; also transf.
1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 359/4 Iridescent *luster bowl made of the most select Bavarian china. 1952M. Laski Village viii. 136 The furniture..consisted of..a painted pine corner cupboard with..some genuine old *lustre china inside.
1886Scott Sheep-Farming 192 If *lustre fabrics are out of fashion the demand for home-grown wool diminishes.
1891Times 15 Oct. 5/9 *Lustre and demi-lustre fleeces.
1884Pall Mall G. 13 Sept. 4/2 France has again begun to give out orders for *lustre goods.
1908J. M. Synge Lett. to Molly (1971) 276 Look round in Galway for *lustre jugs or Irish curios.
1881Daily News 26 Aug. 5/1 The silk manufacturers of Lyons are..worse off while the taste for finely-wrought wool lasts than the Yorkshire *lustre makers.
1971‘E. Ferrars’ Stranger & Afraid i. 16 A good deal of clutter, in the way of Staffordshire teapots, *lustre mugs, Bohemian glass and photographs.
190019th Cent. Sept. 447 The *lustre process was known in Siena at a very early date.
1935N. Mitchison We have been Warned i. 107 Miss Waterhouse would now be giving..strong tea to her weaving class, pouring steadily from a beautiful *lustre tea-pot. 1943D. Welch Maiden Voy. vi. 46, I was only talking about the lustre teapot... It's shiny stuff—like metal, only china.
1933Burlington Mag. Nov. 224/1 These spiral scrolls and leaves are familiar..in the thirteenth century *lustre tiles.
1895Daily News 31 Dec. 2/7 In the twofold weft and *lustre trade there is an abundance of work.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 476 *Lustre ware consists of an inferior quality of the materials worked into the usual forms, and having the hue of gold, platina, or copper, &c. fixed on the glaze. 1875E. Meteyard Wedgwood Handbk. 312 After the commencement of the present century lustre-wares were generally made throughout the Potteries. 1938Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Sept. 595/4 The household of the meek Jewish tailor and the home of the jolly publican are shining pieces of cockney lustre⁓ware. 1961Antiquaries Jrnl. XLI. 1 A large cover of Hispano-Moresque lustreware, imported from Malaga. 1971Canad. Antiques Collector Jan. 17/1 English lustre ware affords a fascinating variety of colour, charm and decoration for the collector.
1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 238/1 The wool..has a glistening appearance, which has earned for it the name ‘*lustre wool’.
▪ II. lustre, n.2|ˈlʌstə(r)|
Also 6 Sc. lustir, 6– (now U.S.) luster.
[Anglicized form of lustrum.]
A period of five years.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 29 Thritty yere of vj. lustres. 1513Douglas æneis i. v. 94 Eftir mony lustris and ȝeiris ourslidin is. 1685Boyle Free Enq. p. xiii, The following Discourse was written..some Lustres ago. 1715Garth Claremont 221 The fourth bright Lustre had but just begun To shade his blushing cheeks with doubtful down. 1855Thackeray Newcomes II. 9 So it will be the turn of you young folks, come eight more lustres, and your heads will be bald like mine. 1899O. Seaman In Cap & Bells (1900) 27 After a lustre of celibacy She married with a publican.
▪ III. † ˈlustre, n.3 Obs.
[ad. L. lustrum.]
A cave.
1615Chapman Odyss. xvii. 159 But, turning to his luster, Calues and Dam, He shewes abhorr'd death, in his angers flame. 1658Phillips, Lustre,..a Den of wilde beasts.
▪ IV. † ˈlustre, v.1 Obs. rare.
[ad. L. lūstrāre to lustrate.]
1. trans. To purify; = lustrate v.1 1.
1645Rutherford Tryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 285 That all his actions moral be watered and lustered with faith.
2. To view, survey; = lustrate v.1 3.
1541Paynel Catiline xiv. 20 b, They trusted, that Jupiter, lustring and beholdynge all thynges, wolde discouer the counsailes..of those vngratious hopelostes. 1635D. Dickson Pract. Wks. (1845) I. 10 If a Pagan's life be well lustred.
▪ V. lustre, v.2|ˈlʌstə(r)|
Also 7–9 luster.
[ad. L. lūstrāre: see lustre n.1]
†1. trans.
a. To render illustrious.
b. To throw light upon, illustrate.
c. To render specious or attractive. Obs.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. 728 As a Husband's Nobl'ness doth lustre A mean-born Wife; so [etc.]. 1627W. Sclater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) Ep. Ded. A iij, Worthies, loe to you at last; Saint Pauls Antichrist in such lineaments as that Apelles his pencell, or coale rather was pleased to shadow him in. Lustred I say not, vnuailed onely, and made more barefaced. 1637Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. ii. iv. 20 The Policy then which is most simple and single, and lest lustered with the pompe & bravery of Ceremonies [etc.]. 1644Bp. Maxwell Prerog. Chr. Kings i. 17 Our Puritans have from hence learned to colour and lustre their ugly Treasons..with the cloake of Religion.
2. intr. To be or become lustrous. Now rare.
1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 62 Eeune lyk as her deitee to the Saincts dooth luster in heunblisse. 1637Heywood Royal Ship 27 Her five bright Lanthorns luster round the seas, Shining like five of the seven Hyades. 1729Savage Wanderer iii. 326 What bloom, what brightness lusters o'er her cheeks! 1902Westm. Gaz. 6 Dec. 2/1 Their feathers lustered in the moonlight as they passed.
3. trans. To put a lustre upon (cloth, pottery, etc.).
1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 201 Isinglass..used..in lustreing silk ribbons. |
