| 释义 |
▪ I. sire, n.|saɪə(r)|
Forms: α. 3– sire, 4–5 sir, 6 sier; 4 scire, 7 shire. β. 3–8 syre, 5 cyre, cyyr, syr, syar, 5–6 syer.
[a. OF. sire (cyre), for earlier *sieire:—pop. L. *seior, for cl. L. senior senior. The oblique case in OF. was sieur:—*seiōr-em for seniōr-em.]
I.
†1. Placed before personal names:
a. Denoting knighthood. = sir n. 1. Obs.
c1205Lay. 22485 Wulcume sire Arður, wilcume lauerd. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9066 Sire geffray, þat was erl of aungeo. c1330Amis & Amil. 44 He was callid Syre Amys..at his crystenyng. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 305 Þe firste ȝere of þe comynge of sire John, þe secounde kyng Henricus his sone, into Irlond. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxix. i. 37 Þus sone Sire Rollo..Bi-sette þat Citee. 1492Paston Lett. III. 380 To my..frendes, Sire William Knevette, Sire John Paston, Sire Robert Clere, Knyghtes.
transf.1362Langl. P. Pl. A. x. 1 Sire Dowel dwelleþ..not a day hennes, In a Castel. Ibid. 19 Sire seowel and seywel,..And sire Godfrei Gowel, grete lordes alle.
†b. Applied to persons of ancient history, or to ecclesiastics: cf. sir n. 2 and 4. Obs.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 21 Þe Erchebischope of Caunterburi sire Ode. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2009 To þis senatour..Sire maximian. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 785 Sire Eneas was þer-of fayn. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 192 And þanne strumpatis & þeuys preisen sire iacke or hobbe & williem þe proude clerk. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 407 A frenche romance that sire Robert, Bisschope a lycoln, made.
†2. With common nouns, = sir n. 6. Obs.
(a)c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 15 ‘Sire Aumperour,’ he seide. a1300Havelok 2861 Sire erl,.. And þou wile mi consayl tro, Ful wel shal ich with þe do. c1386Chaucer Prol. 837 Sire knyght, quod he, my mayster and my lord. c1400Brut lvi. 50 Þerfore, sire kyng,..we bene comen into ȝoure lande. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop v. ix, Syre kynge god yeue good helthe. c1500Melusine 264 ‘By my feyth, sire knight,’ said geffray.
(b)c1386Chaucer Prol. 840 And ye sire clerk lat be your shamefastnesse. ― Nun's Pr. Prol. 26 Wherfore sire Monk daun Piers by youre name I pray yow [etc.]. Ibid. 44 (Corpus), Come ner sire prest com hider sir Iohn.
†b. = sir n. 6 b. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 242 Sire [v.r. Sir] olde lecchour, lat thy Iapes be. c1500Melusine 28 By my feyth, sire vassal, hit commeth to you of grette pryde [etc.]. Ibid. 29 Sire musarde.
3. Without following n. In early use = sir n. 7. Now only arch. (= ‘your majesty’) or as an echo of French usage.
a1225Ancr. R. 52 Me leoue sire,..is hit nu so ouer vuel uor te toten utward? c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 49 ‘A, sire,’ quath þe luþere Quiene,..‘Furst ichulle to þe drinke’. 13..K. Alis. 2099 (W.), A knyght com sone rennyng, And saide, ‘Sire, up on hast!’ 1390Gower Conf. III. 301 ‘Ha, lieve sire,’ tho quod sche, ‘Now tak the harpe’. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xviii. 240 Sire said the reed knyght..al this wil I do as ye commaunde. c1500Melusine 267 Sire, the kyng is departed from hens. [1672Temple Ess., Government Wks. 1720 I. 100 The peculiar Compellation of the King in France, is by the Name of Sire.] 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) I. 3 By heaven! Sire, it is not well done. 1820Shelley Œd. Tyr. i. 71 Your sacred Majesty... They are in waiting, Sire. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. II. 357 ‘Sire,’ said he, ‘there has been a battle before Pavia’.
†b. = sir n. 7 b. Obs.
c1350Will. Palerne 2248 Herkenes nowe, hende sires, ȝe han herd ofte, wich a cri has be cried. a1375Lay-Folks Mass-Bk. App. iv. 257 Certes, sires; ful good hit is To stonde stille at þe Mes. c1412Hoccleve Reg. Princ. 2747 Considereth, sires, I am oon of þo [etc.]. 1426Audelay Poems (Percy Soc.) 6 Gentyl sires, herkene to me. c1500Melusine 271 After, after, fayre sires.
†c. = sir n. 7 c. Obs.
1426Paston Lett. I. 24. 1490 Ibid. III. 363.
II.
4. One who exercises dominion or rule; a lord, master, or sovereign. In ME. freq. in phrase lord and sire. Now rare or Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6556 He wende aboute as noble sire fram londe to londe. a1300Cursor M. 440 He..sette him heist in his hall, Als prince and sire ouer oþer all. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1260 Þay..Þat sumtyme sete in her sale syres & burdes. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 217 This yonglynge..aftyr be-came a grete Sire in the realme. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 42 And sa was Romulus all hale lord and syre. 1513Douglas æneid ix. iv. 58 Soupyt in wyne and sleip [are] baith man and syre. c1586Sidney Ps. xviii. iv, Then thundred heav'nly sire. 1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 780 Podagra..quietly laid herself down at the feet of this corsie sire. 1812Shelley Devil's Walk xxviii, With delight its Sire to see Hell's adamantine limits burn.
†b. A lord or ruler of a specified place. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 22256 A king..þat of þe romain sal Impire Hali lauerd be and sire. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 14 In Charlemayn courte, sire of Saynt Dinys. 1390Gower Conf. I. 250 Of thilke Empire He was coroned Lord and Sire. 1415Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 265 Almighty god thow lord of al, and Syre. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 25 Where is Pirrus, that was lord and sire Of Ynd? 1526Skelton Magnyf. 1491 Syrus, that soleme syar of Babylon. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 217 For his reward.., Of tha landis tha maid him lord and syre.
5. A person of some note or importance; an aged or elderly man. Also generally, man, fellow.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. xi. 62 Nou is vche boye bold broþel an oþer, To talken of þe Trinite to beon holden a syre. c1440Ipomydon 1643 He semyd a fole, that queynte syre, Bothe by hede and by atyre. a1500Debate of the Carpenter's tools 241 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 88 The wymbulle spekes lyke a syre. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 145 Fra sic a syre, God ȝow saif, my sueit sisteris deir! 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. iv. 32 That maliciouse and crafty olde syre. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 388 Our men, regarding his age, began to make much of him;..whereat the old sier showed himselfe very glad. 1630Tincker of Turvey 41 This smith was a quaint sire, As merry as bird on brier. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 715 At length a Reverend Sire among them came. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. i. 688 To name an infant meet our village sires. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles v. xxiv, ‘What says the monk?’—‘The holy Sire Owns, that..She sought his skiff.’
6. A father; a male parent; also, a forefather. (Cf. grandsire 1.) Now chiefly poet.
c1250Lutel Soth Serm. 81 in O.E. Misc. 190 Hire sire and hire dame þreteþ hire to bete. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. Prol. 189, I herde my sire seyn..Þere þe catte is a kitoun, þe courte is ful elyng. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 2492 (Phyllis), Fals in loue was he rygh as his syre. c1400Destr. Troy 13198 Þat noble he stale Fro the souerain hir Syre, & soght with hir furth. 14..Sir Beues 1283 + 244 He made a fyre And threwe þer yn dam & syre. 1566Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 4 Whose sire was the old earl of Bedford. 1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 64 Pyrrhus shortlye wyl hither, Thee soon fast bye the syre, thee syre that murthred at altars. 1674Milton P.R. i. 86 His Mother then is mortal, but his Sire He who obtains the Monarchy of Heav'n. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 282 Nor be with harmful Parsimony won To follow what our homely Sires have done. 1742Gray Adversity 9 When first thy Sire to send on earth Virtue, his darling Child, design'd. 1791Cowper Iliad ii. 57 The sceptre of his sires he took. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles ii. xxxii, In distant ages, sire to son Shall tell thy tale of freedom won. 1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. iii. 177 My sire the daughter gave him and the government.
attrib. and Comb.a1835Motherwell Poet. Wks. (1847) 10 'Tis Harold—'tis the Sire-bereaved—Who goads the dread career. a1849J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 442 Shame to me,..my sire-land, Not to know thy soil and skies!
b. fig. and transf.
1718Prior The Flies, Sire of Insects, mighty Sol. 1784Cowper Task ii. 674 Profusion is the sire. 1821Shelley Adonais iv, He died, Who was the Sire of an immortal strain. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue vi. 245 The venerable sire of Gothic philology, Jacob Grimm.
7. A male parent of a quadruped; esp. a stallion. Correlative to dam.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §68 She shall haue moste comonly a sandy colte,..neyther lyke syre nor damme. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 54 Beastes haue no other care of their yong ones, but onely..vntill they bee able to feede..themselues: afterward, both syre and damme and little ones forget one another. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 229 The Pharsalian Mores evermore bring Foals very like their Syre. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. i. 32 So Kids and Whelps their Sires and Dams express. 1733Pope Ess. Man iii. 126 Thus beast and bird their common charge attend; The mothers nurse it, and the sires defend. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 423 Although both sire and dam may possess some good points, yet in the offspring these will be lost. 1859Jephson Brittany iii. 30 They must not feed their sires upon straw.
transf.1780Cowper Progr. Err. 568 The mind and conduct..: Each, sire and dam of an infernal race, Begetting and conceiving all that's base.
▪ II. sire, v.|saɪə(r)|
Also 6 syre.
[f. sire n.]
trans. To beget or procreate; to become the sire of: a. Of persons, or in general use.
1611Shakes. Cymb. iv. ii. 26 Cowards father Cowards, & Base things Syre Bace. 1835Longfellow Outre-mer Prose Wks. 1886 I. 119 He was a gross, corpulent fellow,..sired by a comic actor. 1891Zangwill Bachelors Club 82 His father had just that measure of talent which so often sires a genius.
transf.1902O. Wister Virginian xiv, The blamed thing was sired by a whole doggone Dutch syndicate.
b. spec. Of animals, esp. horses. (The more frequent use.)
1828–32in Webster. 1882Pall Mall G. 1 July 6/2 These also are animals with rare pedigrees... Several are sired by Kisber. 1894Sir J. D. Astley 50 Years Life II. 190 He sired some real good hunters.
▪ III. sire
obs. variant of Sc. syre, drain. |
