| 释义 |
▪ I. † subtract, n. rare. Obs.
[ad. L. subtractus, pa. pple. of subtrahĕre to subtract.]
1. ? A remainder.
a1635Naunton Fragm. Regalia (1641) 27 Sir Iohn Perrot was a goodly Gentleman..and he was of a very ancient discent, as an heire to many Subtracts [other ed. of 1641 abstracts] of Gentry.
2. A subtrahend.
1690Leybourn Curs. Math. 341 If he be carefull to make his Canon right, the Letters themselves will direct him how to frame his Divisors and Subtracts.
▪ II. subtract, v.|səbˈtrækt|
Also 6 -track.
[f. L. subtract-, pa. ppl. stem of subtrahĕre (whence OF. subtraire, It. sottrarre, Pg. subtrahir) f. sub- sub- 26 + trahĕre to draw, carry. See also substract.]
1. trans. To withdraw or withhold (a thing that is or may be used or enjoyed). Obs. exc. arch.
1548Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI, c. 13 §13 Yf anye person doe subtracte or withdrawe any manner of tithes. 1559–60MS. Cott. Calig. B. ix, Let not men..move zow to subtract zour helping hand. 1581Marbeck Bk. Notes 588 They did not subtract from them their ciuill obedience or counted them from that day forward, no longer to be their kings. 1607Statutes in Hist. Wakefield Gram. Sch. (1892) 69 To subtract so much of the Ushers wages. 1846Grote Greece i. iii. I. 105 His ill will is thus raised, and he tries to subtract from man the use of fire.
†2. To remove from a place or position. Obs.
1574Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. i. II. 374 The merchandis..traffiquand betuix Berwick and Edinburgh salbe subtractit and withdrawin. 1640Bp. Hall Episc. ii. vii. 187 And yet none of the ancient burdens subtracted. 1659Bp. Pearson Creed (1839) 303 Should we imagine Christ to anticipate the time of death, and to subtract his soul from future torments necessary to cause an expiration. 1676Glanvill Ess. Philos. & Relig. iii. 27 Let him then subtract his Finger, and he will perceive the Quicksilver to descend from the Tube into the subjacent Vessel.
b. refl.
c1540Bellenden's Livy (S.T.S.) I. 8 (MS. A) To subtract [MS. B substract] me fra sicht of sic miserijs as oft occurris in to oure dayis. 1657J. Sergeant Schism Dispach't 74 If they..would subtract themselves from her obedience. Ibid. 511 Whoever subtracts himself from a former actuall governour. 1889Daily News 28 Feb. 4/2 Whether steps will be taken..to prevent Houston from subtracting himself from the jurisdiction of one of her Majesty's Courts.
3. Math. To take away or deduct (one quantity from, † out of another): see subtraction 3. Also absol. or intr.
1557Recorde Whetst. K ij, Wherfore I subtract 16. out of 18. 1574W. Bourne Regim. Sea xx. (1577) 53 Subtract or take away the stars declination from the heigth. 1652News fr. Low Countr. 8 Podex can..Adde, Multiply, Subtract, Divide. 1774M. Mackenzie Marit. Surv. 62 Subtract the Complement of the Declination from the half Sum, and take the Remainder. 1838De Morgan Ess. Probab. 72 Remembering to subtract at the last step instead of adding. 1882Minchin Unipl. Kinemat. 53 We should get a better approximation still by subtracting the temperature at 12 from the temperature at 1 second past 12, and multiplying the difference by 3600.
b. transf. and fig.
a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. (1677) 123 What is so subtracted or subducted out of the extent of the Divine Perfection, leaves still a Quotient, if I may so call it, Infinite. 1838[F. Haywood] tr. Kant's Crit. Pure Reason 415 A law of the understanding, from which it is permitted to deviate under no pretence, or therefrom to subtract any phenomenon. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola ix, The transient pink flush..subtracted nothing from her majesty. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 474 That is what I suppose you to say,..you may, if you wish, add or subtract anything.
Hence subˈtracting vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1691Ray Creation i. (1692) 109 The same Swallow by the subtracting daily of her Eggs proceeded to lay nineteen successively. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 46 There is to be no adding or subtracting. 1956J. L. Stewart Circuit Theory & Design ix. 289 (caption) A two-tube subtracting circuit. |
