| 释义 |
▪ I. same, a. (pron., adv.)|seɪm|
Forms: 4–7 sam, 5 ssame, 6 some, 3– same.
[ME. same, a. ON. same masc., sama fem., neut., rarely in str. form sam-r (Sw. samma, samme, Da. samme); a Com. Teut. word, but lost in OE. and OS. (which have only the derived adv., in OE. swá same, OS. so sama, -o, likewise) and in the mod.Teut. langs. retained only in Eng. and Scandinavian. Cf. OHG. sama same (rare, though the derived adv. sama, -o, likewise, similarly, is common), Goth. sama same:—Indogermanic *somo-, whence Skr. samá level, equal, same, Gr. ὁµό-ς same (cf. ὁµαλός level), OIrish som same.
Ablaut-variants of this root are (1) *sem- in Gr. εἷς (:—*sems) one; (2) *s'm- in OTeut. *sumo- some, Skr. sama any, every, Gr. ἅµα together, L. similis like, OIrish samail likeness, image, Welsh hafal like; also as prefix in Skr. sakṛt acting at once, Gr. ἁπλόος, L. simplex simple; (3) sōm- in Skr. sāma similarity, OSl. samŭ same, OE. sóm agreement (see seem v.).]
The ordinary adjectival and pronominal designation of identity, equivalent to the older ilk a.1, to L. idem, Gr. ὁ αὐτός, Ger. derselbe. Normally preceded by the, exc. after a demonstrative; the omission of the article occurs only in dialectal or vulgar speech and in certain specially elliptical varieties of diction (e.g. in commercial correspondence). As the prefixed article is functionally a part of the word, it is often difficult to distinguish the simple predicative use (= ‘identical’) from the absolute and elliptical uses.
A. adj.
I. Not numerically different from an object indicated or implied; identical.
1. With forward reference: Identical with what is indicated in the following context.
It is remarkable that this use is all but entirely absent from the writings of Shakespeare; the only clear instance appears to be quot. 1598 in 4 below.
a. Followed by a clause with relative pronoun (that, who, which) or relative adverb (when, where). Cf. very a.
In this construction that sometimes has not the strict pronominal syntax, but is equivalent in meaning to ‘in (on, by, etc.) which’, ‘where’, ‘when’. Cf. the similar use of F. que.
c1200Ormin 9914 He mihhte makenn cwike menn Þær off þa same staness, Þat stodenn þær bi Sannt Johan. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4511 Þan sal Iewes þe sam lawe halde, Þat þai haf. Ibid. 5288 Þis taken..sal noght be Þe sam cros, ne þe sam tre, On whilk God was nayled fot and hande. 1537Starkey Let. to Pole in England (1878) p. xlvij, Euen the same thyng wych you percas thynke hathe byn the chefe roote of thys motyon. 1633Earl of Manchester Al Mondo (1636) 141 The old saying is a good one, Doe that every day, which thou wouldest doe the same day that thou dyest. 1702Addison Dial. Medals i. Wks. 1766 III. 22 He would often show us the same face on an old Coin that we saw in the Statue. 1707― Pres. State War ⁋7 ibid. 246 The same causes which straiten the British commerce, will naturally enlarge the French. 1711Budgell Spect. No. 77 ⁋5 At the same time that I am endeavouring to expose this Weakness in others. 1809J. Roland Fencing 89, I return to the same situation where I found your blade at the time I began my first motion. 1810Southey Let. 5 Aug. in Life (1850) III. 290 As for my contempt of the received rules of poetry, I hold the same rules which Shakspeare, Spencer, and Milton held before me, and desire to be judged by those rules. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 561 Care was taken that the prisoner should pass through the same gate and the same streets through which Montrose had been led to the same doom. 1876J. Dennis Stud. Eng. Lit. 422 He defends it on the same ground that he would defend the ‘Lycidas’ of Milton. 1904Blackw. Mag. Oct. 578/2 They may recite his [Shakspere's] works with the same restraint of gesture..which interpreted his works in his own day.
b. With ellipsis of the relative pron. or adv. Also (in careless use) followed by a pa. pple with ellipsis of relative and copula.
1514Rec. St. Mary at Hill 21 Vppon condicion that they shall kepe solemply, my seid Obett or Annuersary yerely for euermore þe same day of the Moneth my sowle shall depart from þe body, in þe parisshe church of Seint Mary at hill within london. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. v. §449 The standard itself was blown down the same night it had been set up. 1710Swift Jrnl. to Stella 29 Sept., Why do you trouble yourself, Mistress Stella, about my instrument? I have the same the Archbishop gave me; and it is as good now the Bishops are away. 1831Scott Ct. Rob. v, So many princes..aim, it is pretended, at nothing else than the same extravagant purpose announced by the brute multitude who first appeared in these regions. 1855Orr's Circ. Sci., Org. Nat. III. 307 It is regarded with the same interest accorded in Europe to its red-breasted relative.
†c. In the 16–17th c. often followed by that with ellipsis of the verb, so that the same that becomes equivalent to ‘the same as’ or ‘the same with’. Obs.
1577Fulke Answ. True Christian 64 The Pope chosen by the councell of Constance, was of the same iudgement that the councell. 1582G. Martin Manif. Corrupt. Script. iii. 44 Here he citeth many authors and dictionaries idly, to prooue that idolum may signifie the same that Image. 1601Holland Pliny I. 88 The next marches of this higher prouince is the same that the tract of Tarracon. Ibid. 105 The Pisidians..whose chiefe colony is Cæsaria, the same that Antiochia. 1643Trapp Comm. Gen. xi. 30 Some say, that Iscah in Chaldee signifieth the same that Sarai in Hebrew. 1652Loveday tr. Calprenede's Cassandra ii. 132 And having applyed unto them the same things that to my Master's, they laboured to recover him from the sound he was in. 1664H. More Exp. 7 Epist. viii. (1669) 124 So that I understand by ϕιλαδελϕία the same that ἀγάπη, universal Love. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 413 Such was thy zeal To Israel then, the same that now to me.
d. Followed by as. Now the commonest construction.
Four varieties of use may be noted. (a) As may serve as a relative adv. or pron. introducing a clause (cf. 1 a); (b) it may precede the subject or object of a verb omitted by ellipsis; (c) by ellipsis of the copula, it may be followed by n. or pronoun denoting that with which identity is stated; (d) it may elliptically precede an adv. or phrase.
(a)1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 835 Þan sal he on þe same wys hethen wende..right als he cam Þe first day fra his moder wam. c1400Rule St. Benet (Verse) 2371 On þe sam wise sall ilk souerayn Do os þai wil take o-gayn. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV 196 He was the same person and of the same good mynde towarde the kynge, as he was before the tyme of hys legacion. 1705Addison Italy, Rome 350 The Horse and Man on the Medal are in the same Posture as they are on the Statue. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1842) II. 257 note, She was exactly in the same predicament as Philip had been during his marriage with Mary I. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 40 A patent of Henry II.., in which he..licenses the sale of Rhenish wine at the same price as French is sold at. 1894Swinburne Stud. in Prose & P. 56 Entering college at the same age as Fletcher had entered six years earlier.
(b)1691Emilianne's Frauds Romish Monks 148 We follow'd this Troop of Pilgrims at a small distance, being Mounted in the same manner as they, tho' we could not joyn our selves in company with them. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1086–7 Salt springs occur nearly in the same circumstances..as the salt rock. 1881Jowett Thucyd. I. 179 The sailors in the fleet all received the same pay as the soldiers. 1895Chitty in Law Times Rep. LXXII. 866/1 Other rules in Order xlv. point in the same direction as the first rule of the order.
(c)1715tr. Gregory's Astron. (1726) I. ii. 351 The Ratio of GH to IK, which is the same as the given Ratio of the Sines of the Arcs AB, CD. 1807Robinson Archæol. Græca iii. xxi. 325 Olympia, a city of the Pisæans, or, as some say, the same as Pisa.
(d)1662Bp. Hopkins Funeral Serm. (1683) 39 They return again to the same glut of lusts and pleasures as before. 1702Addison Dial. Medals ii. Wks. 1766 III. 69 You see the metaphor is the same in the Verses as in the Medal. 1716― Freeholder No. 42 ⁋6 We receive the same profit from them, as if they were the Produce of our own Island. 1845M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 24, ‘I again consulted your magnificence, and you gave the same answer as before.’
e. Const. with. The regimen of with may denote either (a) a participant in the possession, attribute, etc. qualified by the same, or (b) that with which the object mentioned is said to be identical.
(a)1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 259 Þerfore of þre þe firste kyngdoms, as it were of þe same age wiþ þe kyngdom of Assiries, firste we schal write. 1601Dolman tr. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1618) III. 803 The blossomes have the same nature with the fruite. Ibid. 804 The seede and roote of this plant have the same operation with the leafe. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 42 The bishop, being of the same mind and opinion with the rest, was [etc.]. 1660Barrow Euclid vi. xxvi, Then is that Parallelogram about the same diagonal with the whole. 1699Bentley Phal. Pref. 69 He is of the same size for Learning with the late Editor. 1740Johnson's Debates 2 Dec. (1787) I. 23 Debate relating to a seditious paper of the same kind with the considerations on the Embargo on provisions. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Bridge, Rochester bridge is built in the same style with that of London. 1763Goldsm. Misc. Wks. (1837) II. 502 They are incapable of the same docility with terrestrial animals, and are less imitative of human perfections. 1803Southey Let. 9 June in Life (1850) II. 212 Scott, it seems, adopts the same system of metre with me. 1837Lockhart Scott I. x. 325 [He] died..at the same age with Burns and Byron, in 1811. 1842R. I. Wilberforce Rutilius & Lucius 111 Words of the same nature with those he had heard were chanted at intervals. 1858H. Spencer Ess. I. 254 This..will be found to come under the same generalization with the others.
(b)c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 319 As þe spirit þat is mannis soule is þe same persone wiþ him, so the secounde persone of God is þe same persone wiþ þis man. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 225 The Chaonian Horses are the same with the Aprirolan Horses. 1618Hales Gold. Rem. ii. (1673) 62 He could not be ignorant that his quality was the same with theirs. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 179 She was native..of Phrygia and so peradventure was the same with Trojana. 1681T. Flatman Heraclitus Ridens No. 30 (1713) I. 197 The third was a Paper of Directions, what, and how to plead, which was also denied him, being the same thing with allowing him Council. 1764Goldsm. Introd. Gen. Hist. World Misc. Wks. 1837 I. 531 The materials to which we have had recourse are the same with those which other historians for several ages have employed before us. 1829Jas. Mill Hum. Mind (1869) II. 194 It rested with him to prove that the expectation of a pleasure, or of a pain, is the same thing with the desire, or aversion. 1873Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. ii. 188 This was no difficulty to the Greeks and Macedonians, who looked on the Egyptian Ammon as the same god with their own Zeus.
† f. In certain rare constructions: (a) const. of (perh. a Gallicism); (b) const. to. Obs.
1692Dryden St. Euremont's Ess. 5 'Tis an extraordinary thing to find a Successor endowed with the same Qualities of his Predecessor. 1721Bradley Philos. Acc. Wks. Nat. 13 And the Nourishment and Difference of Colours given these Bodies..I suppose to be produced by a cause nearly the same of that which gives us the different Colours in the Leaves and Flowers of Vegetables. 1756W. Toldervy Hist. 2 Orphans III. 33, I am of the same opinion to the gentleman, who spoke last. 1771–2Ess. fr. Batchelor (1773) I. 96 They fancy themselves in the same situation of the Jews, when their being victors, or vanquish'd, solely depended on the raising or depressing of Moses's hands.
2. a. With backward reference: Identical with what has been indicated.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 25 Þe sam God sythyn was þe bygynnyng And þe first maker of alle thyng. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 896 Also ȝe sente vs to saie in þe same time Of oþur manerus mo miche for to lakke. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. Prol. 106 Tauerners to hem tolde þe same tale Wiþ good wyn of Gaskoyne And wyn of Oseye. c1400Pety Job 76 in 26 Pol. Poems 123 Into poudre must I crepe, ffor of that same kynde I am. c1400Rule St. Benet (Verse) 1234 And sche ken þe perils of cursing, Sche salbe cursid for þat same þing. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 147 About the same tyme rang money cuning men be quhose labouris & trawell goode letteris flurischit. 1685Boyle Eng. Notion Nat. 384 How great a Difference there may be between a Body consider'd absolutely, or by itself, and the same Body consider'd in such Circumstances, as it may be found in. 1886Lindley in Law Rep. 32 Chanc. Div. 28 The same observations are true of all other contracts similarly circumstanced.
†b. = The aforesaid. Obs.
1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 126 To Normundie ageyn suld turne þe duke Henry, & Ingland alle holy after Steuen þe kyng Suld turne to þe same Henry, withouten geynsaiyng. 1455Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 286 And in case that the sam man or person in hys takyng, make recistens not to be take. 1480Coventry Leet Bk. 429 We send yewe same bill herin enclosed. 1517R. Torkington Pilgr. (1884) 9 Thursday, the vij Day of May, we retornyed by the same watir of Brent to Venese ageyne. 1535Coverdale Eccl. xii. 9 The same preacher was not wyse alone, but taught the people knowlege also: he gaue good hede, sought out the grounde and set forth many parables.
†c. the same day: to-day. Obs.
c1475Rauf Coilȝear 848 On loud said the Sarazine: ‘I heir the now lie! Befoir the same day I saw the neuer with sicht.’
3. a. Expressing the identity of an object designated by different names, standing in different relations, or related to different subjects or objects. In this use the n. qualified by same often denotes an indeterminate or hypothetical object, so that the becomes (with a sing.) functionally equivalent to the indefinite article, or (with a plural) redundant; hence result occasional ambiguities.
Cf. the Fr. ‘Deux mots qui signifient une même chose’, ‘De mêmes causes doivent produire de mêmes effets’ with the ambiguous English ‘Two words which signify the same thing’, ‘The same causes must produce the same effects’.
1621Bp. R. Montagu Diatribæ 553 Bacchus and Sabasius is the same god. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ ii. vi. §14 Both these Prophets considered the same people under the same circumstances, and with the same conditions. 1670Moral State Eng. 160 At this time a Germain and a Fleming were in the same Pension in the Town. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. i. §9 Having Ideas, and Perception, being the same thing. 1713Steele Englishman No. 8. 55 The same Person is to be paid twice for the same thing. 1738tr. Guazzo's Art Conversation 221 They cannot live peaceable together in the same House. 1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. i. (ed. 2) 33 Some kinds of animals,..such as horses, cows, and sheep, are nourished by the same food. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) III. 457/2 The flowers are male and female upon the same or different roots. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1865) 142 Sooner or later the same causes, or their equivalents, will call forth the same opposition of opinion, and bring the same passions into play. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xix, With whom I have so often sat at the same board, and drunken of the same cup. 1835Penny Cycl. III. 437/2 The old barcarolle was sung in parts, at stem and stern of the same boat, by its own gondoliers. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. iii. §10 (1879) 55 All the planets travel round the Sun in the same direction. 1879G. C. Harlan Eyesight ii. 16 Even in the same eye, half of the iris is sometimes brown, and the other half blue. 1884Brett in Law Times Rep. 10 May 315/2, I have come to the conclusion..that the Legislature intended in this case to be verbose and tautologous, and to say the same thing twice over.
b. More explicitly, one and the same.[After L. unus et idem, Gr. (ὁ) εἶς καὶ ὁ αὐτός.] 1551T. Wilson Logike S iv b, Out of one and the same floure the Bee sucketh hony, and the spider draweth poison. 1584? Sidney Disc. Def. Earl of Leicester Misc. Wks. (1829) 272 In sum, in one the same man, all the faults that in all the most contrary-humoured men in the world can remain. c1650Leighton Serm. xviii. Wks. 1869 II. 227 Never think that one and the same soul can have much pride and much of Christ. 1659H. More Immort. Soul ii. i. 113 Perception being really one and the same thing with Reaction of Matter one part against another. a1806Horsley Serm. (1816) II. xxvi. 304 A sameness of the terms..would be an argument for assigning one and the same meaning to the promises. 1862Latham Channel Isl. iii. xviii. (ed. 2) 411 They belong to one and the same class.
4. Coupled for emphasis with a synonymous adj.: † that ilk (thilk) same, † the same self, † the same very, the very same. See also selfsame.
The same self was exceedingly common in the 16th c.
13..Cursor M. 1919 (Gött.) Þat ilk same day [Cott. þat ilk dai, Fairf. þat same day]. 1390Gower Conf. I. 95 Thilke same speche Which, as thou seist, thou schalt me teche. a1450Myrc Par. Priests 668 Þenne schale he wyth hys owne hondes Brenne þat ylke same bondes. 1503Rolls of Parlt. VI. 522/2 They..shall have..lyke auctorite..as the same selfe Bisshoppes shulde, ought or myght do. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 24 And the same selfe mysteryes he afterwarde declared to his discyples. 1589–90Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 465 Baith having the same selff freindis and commoun enemeyis. 1590L. Lloyd Diall of Daies 169 Q. Metellus triumphed over Creet at the same verie day that Pompei the great triumphed over the Pyrats on sea. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iii. ii. 49 This same very day. 1598― Merry W. iv. v. 37 Shee sayes, that the very same man that beguil'd Master Slender of his Chaine, cozon'd him of it. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables ix. 9 The Snake, after his Recovery, is the very same Snake still, that he was at first. Ibid. xviii. 19 Several of the very same Birds that she had forewarn'd.
5. Appended redundantly to a demonstrative (this, these, that, those, yon). Common in 16–17th c.; usually expressing some degree of irritation or contempt, sometimes playful familiarity. (Cf. the vulgar this here, that there.) Now arch.
Out of the 95 instances of the word same in Shakespeare, 55 occur in collocation with a demonstrative.
For examples in which same has its normal force when preceded by a demonstrative, see senses 1–3.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 197 In þis same wise. 1598Shakes. Merry W. v. i. 18 That same knaue (Ford hir husband). 1603― Meas. for M. v. i. 270 Call that same Isabell here once againe. 1625Bacon Ess., Truth (Arb.) 499 This same Truth, is a Naked, and Open day light. 1628Milton Vac. Exerc. 16, I pray thee then deny me not thy aide For this same small neglect that I have made. 1634― Comus 738 Be not cosen'd With that same vaunted name Virginity. 1726Swift On reading Young's Univ. Passion Wks. 1751 X. 246 If that same Universal Passion With ev'ry Vice hath fill'd the Nation. 1808Scott Marm. i. xxv, If this same Palmer will me lead From hence. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague ii. iii, What is the use of these same lamps? 1871R. Ellis Catullus x. 26 Just for courtesy lend me, dear Catullus, Those same nobodies.
6. Phrases. at the same time: see time n. by the same token: see token n. same difference, the same thing, no difference (colloq.).
1945E. Wilson I am gazing into my 8-ball xx. 106 ‘That fluff from my office.’ ‘Fluff?’ laughed Miss Lawrence. ‘Fluff, doll, same difference.’ 1951J. Cornish Provincials ii. i. 130 ‘I found you.’ ‘I found you.’ ‘Same difference.’ 1976A. Hill Summer's End viii. 115 ‘In the first place,’ he said, ‘these'm boats, not barges.’ ‘Same difference,’ Noggie insisted.
II. In modified senses.
7. a. Applied to an object as having the same attributes with another or with itself at another time; exactly agreeing in (amount, quality, operation, etc.). Of a person: Unchanged in character, condition of health, etc. Chiefly predicative (cf. B. 1, 2). Constructions as in 1–3.
Phrases. much the same: approximately the same (cf. much adv. 3). (the) same but (or only) different (colloq.): almost the same; subtly different.
1667Milton P.L. i. 256 The mind is its own place, and in it self Can make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n. What matter where, if I be still the same. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. iv. 138 If the Course and Distance had been first agreed upon from the Place they were bound to, to be just the same, unto the..Land they first descried. 1718Free-thinker No. 91 ⁋5 Human Nature is perpetually the same, ever subject to the same Passions and Corruptions. 1758R. Price Rev. Quest. Morals viii. (1769) 293 note, A distinction much the same with this may be found in the letters between Dr. Sharp and Mrs. Cockburn. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. ix. (1852) 284 God himself remains the same before and after the interposition of Christ. 1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. ii. vi. II. 518 Bigotry is the same in every faith and every age. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xv. III. 585 His salary was the same with that of the Lord Lieutenant. 1860Ld. Lytton Lucile ii. ii. iii, Do not think that years leave us and find us the same! 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 48 The Steelyard passed with the rest of the parish by the same easy gradations from the old to the new faith. 1893Bookman June 86/1 Her ambitions superficially so different at different times, and yet substantially the same. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §16/9 Same but different, nearly the same. 1977Lancashire Life Nov. 60/1 More seasoned observers may remark that the scene's the same, only different.
b. predicatively. Of a person: Unchanged in behaviour to another.
1850Dickens Dav. Copp. ix, But she was always the same to me. She never changed to her foolish Peggotty.
c. Corresponding in relative position.
1672Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 18 About 504 M. of the Irish perished..between the 23 of October 1641 and the same day 1652. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxviii, He and I were both shot in the same leg at Talavera. 1856Sir G. C. Lewis Lett. (1870) 317 The Foreign Office..now holds the same place in our social economy as the Colonial Office used to hold. 1891‘J. S. Winter’ Lumley xii, The doctors..have decidedly better hopes than they had yesterday at the same time.
8. Predicatively: Equally acceptable or the contrary; indifferent. Also all the same, just the same.
1803M. Charlton Wife & Mistress I. 245 He don't vally what he says to young or old, man or woman—it's all the same to old gruffy! 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. vii, It's all the same to me. 1847T. C. Upham Mme. Guyon & Fénélon II. iii. 31 (Funk) To Daniel the lion's den and the monarch's palace are the same. 1914G. B. Shaw Pygmalion (1916) iii. 157 Pickering. We have taken her to classical concerts and to music..halls; and its all the same to her: she plays everything..she hears right off when she comes home. 1962L. Deighton Ipcress File 8 If it's all the same to you, Minister, I'd prefer you to make a note of the questions, and ask me afterwards.
9. Predicatively, without article: Characterized by sameness, monotonous. rare.
1891Pall Mall G. 3 Feb. 6/2 The choruses in ‘Judith’ are numerous, and to the lay mind perhaps a little same.
III. 10. Comb., as same-aged, same-kidneyed, same-named, same-natured, same-seemingness, same-sexed, same-sidedness, same-sized, same-soundingness; also same-day, same-sex, same-size attrib.; same-level Social Sci., analogous; that uses an established principle in one field of research for the explanation or analysis of phenomena in another field; same-ways adv., in the same direction.
1949M. Mead Male & Female xiv. 285 He will frown upon the *same-aged youth who has a reputation for active premarital sex relations.
1967Punch 22 Feb. 258/3 And such cleaning and pressing, a *same-day service like you never seen.
1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. Ep. Ded., The *same-kidneyed men, who have..a sharp flowt at the end of their tongue.
1934J. T. Wisdom in Aristotelian Soc. Suppl. Vol. XIII. 66 When the psychologist says ‘I am in awe of you’ means ‘I fear and admire you’ he is giving a more ostensive but still *same-level translation of the first sentence. 1936Mind XLV. 442 All material analysis is ‘same-level analysis’. 1958M. Argyle Relig. Behaviour xii. 141 A third kind of theory explains an empirical result by showing that it is an example of a law in another field of research—this will be called a ‘same-level’ theory. Ibid. 143 This is clearly a ‘same-level’ explanation, postulating that religion is learnt by the same processes of socialization as are other attitudes and beliefs.
1954S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 12) xxviii. 473 In vertical palsies the paresis is due to failure of the ‘*same-named’ rectus muscle (in the left superior area, the left superior rectus) or the most ‘crossed-named’ oblique muscle (right inferior oblique).
1696J. Sergeant Method to Sci. I. ii. 20 The same Causes upon the *same-natur'd Subjects, must work the same Effects.
1839–48Bailey Festus xx. 231 Lest long *same-seemingness should send me mad.
1949M. Mead Male & Female xiv. 284 Their sex, lightly anchored to the model of the *same-sex parent.
1917*Same-sexed [see fraternal a. c].
1977Lancet 24 Sept. 657/2 There is sometimes *same-sidedness in familial breast cancer.
1967Karch & Buber Offset Processes v. 151 Set the camera for *same-size reproduction.
1764Museum Rust. III. lii. 229 Let this be done deep, and still in the *same-sized ridges. 1951W. de la Mare Winged Chariot 32 On every nut there swelled the same-sized husk.
1839–48Bailey Festus iv. 33 The sea..In its sublime *samesoundingness laughed out.
1887Sir W. Thomson in Nature 3 Oct. 546/2 Every A is at the centre of an equal and similar, and *same-ways oriented, tetrahedron of O's.
B. absol. and as pron. (Constructions as in A.)
1. a. The same person or persons.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 780 Ȝe ben soþli þe same of wham þei so tolde. c1366Chaucer A.B.C. 77 Now queen of comfort sithe þou art þat same To whom j seeche for my medicyne [etc.]. 1616B. Jonson Epigr. xxxiii, On Sir Iohn Roe... To the same. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. ix. 707 An appeal from the King's Council, to the King in Council, was ridiculed, even by the opponents of the bill, as an appeal from the same to the same.
†b. Conjoined with a personal pronoun or with a designation of a person, to indicate identity with one who has been mentioned. Obs. [A latinism.]
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iii. 26 Thanne lauȝte þei leue, þis lordes, at Mede. With that comen clerkis to conforte hir þe same. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Acts 1 With the aduise and consente of the moste prudent and the same his moste dere vncle. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus, Ann. ii. xvii. (1622) 57 Shew the people of Rome Augustus neece, and the same my wife [L. Augusti neptem eandemque conjugem meam].
2. a. The same thing. (See A. 1, 2, 3.) † Formerly also that same, this same.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 1009 But þe same þat ȝe so by vs silf trowe Longeþ, ludus, to ȝou þat liuen so in ese. 1390Gower Conf. I. 19 Who that here wordes understode, It thenkth thei wolden do the same. c1400Destr. Troy 9772 Þe sam to my-self, sothli, may happyn. c1400Rule St. Benet (verse) 488 And also crist in his godspell Of þis same makes minde o-mell. a1450Myrc Festial 8 Anon he made to take hym, and constrayne hym forto haue done þe same. a1536Tindale Pathw. Script. Wks. (1573) 383/2 What soeuer is done to the lest of vs..it is done to Christ, and what soeuer is done to my brother (if I be a Christen man) that same is done to me. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 142, I have commended S—unto you oftentimes: and do the same againe at this instant. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 489 Here that common Proverbe holds true, ‘When two do the same it is not the same’. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 112, I failed not to speak to our Vice-Consul of the Light I had seen in the Isle of Samos, and he told me all the same that the rest did. 1711J. Greenwood Eng. Gram. Wallis's Pref. 2 So the French Words guerre [etc.]..signify the same with these English Words. 1812Southey Let. to Jas. White 16 Feb. in Life (1850) III. 328 It is the same in our age that it was in our youth. 1848Kingsley ‘Bad Squire’ xiv, If your misses had slept, squire, where they slept, Your misses would do the same. 1864Newman Apologia v. (1904) 168/1 When I became a Catholic, nothing struck me more..than the English out-spoken manner of the Priests. It was the same at Oscott, at Old Hall Green, at Ushaw. 1896A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xliii, Bring the eternal seed to light, And morn is all the same as night.
†b. Phrases. of the same: in the same way. to the (this) same: to the same effect. with the same: at the same moment. Obs.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeles Prol. 14 All þe londe..ros with him rapely to riȝtyn his wronge, For he shullde hem serue of þe same after. c1400Rule St. Benet (verse) 373 Also we se ȝit to þe same. Ibid. 461 For hali writ sais on þis wise: ‘Þe fole with word may non chastese.’.. And to þis sam, als clerks may kun, Þe wise man sais: ‘Chastise þi sun [etc.].’ 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1027 He spake the word, and with the same, Immediatly out came the name.
¶c. With omission of article. rare—1.
1638R. Brathwait Barnabees Jrnl. ii. (1818) 45 What I was once, same I am now.
d. (the) same again: another drink of the same kind as the last; same here: the same (thing) applies to me; my case is similar; I agree; (the) same to you; I say the same thing to you (as you have just said); freq. used as a retort.
1896W. C. Gore in Inlander Jan. 150 Same here! I agree. 1907A. P. McKishnie Gaff Linkum xi. 59 ‘I've enj'yed th' ride in th' moonlight jest as much as I enj'yed th' singin' school.’ ‘Same here,’ said Mr. Goosecall. 1911G. B. Shaw Blanco Posnet 404 Blanco. Dearly beloved brethren—A Boy. Same to you, Blanco. 1913Kipling Diversity of Creatures (1917) 288 ‘Do you know I've broken this man's neck?’ ‘Same here,’ I says. 1925New Yorker 17 Oct. 12/2 The same to you. 1929D. H. Lawrence in Star Rev. Nov. 624 It is as if the young girl said to the young man today: I rather like you, you know. You are so thrillingly repulsive to me.—And as if the young man replied: Same here! 1938L. MacNeice Earth Compels 22 What will you have now? The same again? 1949G. B. Shaw Buoyant Billions ii. 21 A chain shopkeeper, not a country squire. She. Same here: my father is a famous lucky financier. 1959, etc. [see knob n. 1 e]. 1962Sunday Times 19 Aug. 18 ‘I'm a rugged individualist: I think for myself.’ ‘Me too.’ ‘Same here.’ 1972H. Kemelman Monday Rabbi took Off xxi. 136 ‘To tell the truth, I think it was the rebbitzin that wrote it and he signed it.’ ‘Same here.’ 1975D. O'Sullivan in D. Marcus Best Irish Short Stories (1977) II. 90 A thump on the counter brought the barmaid... ‘Same again, ladies?’
†3. Pleonastically emphasizing a demonstrative, used absol. or with ellipsis of n. Obs.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. ii. i. 194 Sir, I pray you a word: What Lady is that same? 1591― Two Gent. iii. i. 138 What Letter is this same? 1592― Rom. & Jul. iv. v. 147 What a pestilent knaue is this same. 1611Bible Acts xxiv. 20 Let these same here [1881 R.V. these men themselves] say, if they haue found any evill doing in mee.
4. a. the same, † that (or this) same: the aforesaid person or thing. Often merely the equivalent of a personal pronoun; he, she, it, they. Now rare in literary use; still common in legal documents; also (with reference to things) in commercial language (where the is sometimes omitted). Cf. G. der-, die-, dasselbe.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 27 Þenne [lauȝten] þei leue þis lordynges, at Meede. Wiþ þat þer come Clerkes to Cumforte þe same. c1400Lansdowne Ritual in Rule St. Benet, etc. 143 Þe nouyce sal..singe þare thrise: ‘Suscipe me, domine’ &c. Þe couent..sall reherce þe same again thrise, and ‘Gloria patri’. c1400Mandeville (1839) viii. 97 Upon that same schalle he sytte,..righte as himself seyde. c1450Cov. Myst. ii. (Shaks. Soc.) 25 Take this appyl and ete this ssame, This ffrute is best as I the telle. 1474Caxton Chesse Ded., That ye sawe gladly the Inhabitants of y⊇ same enformed in good, vertuous, prouffitable and honeste maners. 1484― Fables of æsop iii. vii, [Men] ought to preyse and loue the chirche and the commaundements of the same. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lii. 11 Ȝour Hienes can nocht gett ane meter, To keip your wardrope, nor discreter, To rule ȝour robbis, and dress the sam. 1503in Kerry Hist. St. Lawrence, Reading (1883) 111 Also ij staynyd clothis wt ryddels to þe same. 1509Fisher Funeral Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 290 Above all these same there is a foure maner of noblenes. 1535Coverdale Lev. xiii. 40 Whan the hayres fall out of the heade of a man or a woman, so that he is balde, the same is cleane. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Collect 1st Sunday after Epiphany, Graunt that they maie both perceaue and knowe what thinges they ought to do, and also haue grace and power faithfully to fulfill the same. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 65 Watermen haunt the waters, and fishes swim in the same. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iv. i. 11 In the instant that I met with you, He had of me a Chaine, at fiue a clocke I shall receiue the money for the same. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. x. 5 That was a temple..farre renowmed..Much more then that which was in Paphos built, Or that in Cyprus, both long since this same. 1611Bible Matt. xxiv. 13 But he that shall endure vnto the end, the same shall be saued. 1621in Owen & Blakeway Hist. Shrewsb. (1825) I. 574 Laid out in stocking up of the gorst in Kingsland, making the same into faggottes. 1667Primatt City & C. Build. 8 An over-shot-mill, which is the water brought to the top of the wheel, in landers or troughs which cast the same into Buckets made in the wheel for the receipt of the same, the force and weight of which water drives the same. 1772–84Cook's Voy. (1790) V. 1755 The natives thinking we were determined to pay not the least consideration, at length ceased to apply for the same. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 324 If such tenant for life die on the day on which the same was made payable, the whole [rent must be paid]. 1819Keats Isabella ii, Her lute-string gave an echo of his name, She spoiled her half-done broidery with the same. 1901M. Franklin My Brilliant Career viii. 56 A big red-bearded man..had received a letter from Mrs. Bossier instructing him to take care of me. He informed me also that he was glad to do what he termed ‘that same’. 1926in H. W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage 512/1 Sir,—Having in mind the approaching General Election, it appears to me that the result of same is likely to be as much a farce as the last. 1966G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. in Austral. & N.Z. vi. 135 A different influence of written language is seen in the use of same as a pronoun equivalent to it, as in ‘put the tailboard up and secure same with a length of wire’ from New Zealand (Wally Crump, 1964), a facetious borrowing of lawyer's English which is quite common. 1973N.Y. Law Jrnl. 24 July 4/4 The following sentence in a brief is typical of its misuse as a noun: ‘Waldbaum purchased the soda..then stacked it on the shelves in order to sell the same.’
b. † As an answer when addressed by name; = ‘I am he’. Obs. Also colloq. in confirming a conjecture as to the identity of a person mentioned by the speaker.
1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. i. 191 Ben. Count Claudio. Clau. Yea, the same. 1889Chatterbox 24 Aug. 323/1 ‘Have you ever heard of Red Jim?’ ‘The bushranger, do you mean?’ asked Allan. ‘The same. Well, this man [etc.]’.
†c. (the) same; = ditto n. Obs.
1486Bk. St. Albans b iij, Take the Juce of percelly Moris otherwise calde percelly Rootis, and thossame of Isop. 1615R. Cocks Diary 18 June (Hakl. Soc.) I. 11 He gave me a present of 3 nestes gocas, with their trenchers and ladells of mother of perle, with 10 spoons same, and a peece of white Liquea cloth. 1663Gerbier Counsel 72 Rafters ten and seven inches, Purloyns the same, Plates the same.
†d. Chiefly Her. of the same: of the kind or description last mentioned. Obs.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 25 The Kyng was appareilled in almayne ryuet crested & his vambrace of the same. a1588Glover's Ordinary 38 in Edmondson's Her. I, Ar. in fesse three pellets betw. two bars sa. in chief two goats heads erased gu. attired or.; in base one of the same. Gethinge. 1625Bacon Ess., Building (Arb.) 553 A Greene Court Plain, with a Wall about it: A Second Court of the same, but more Garnished.
5. a. quasi-n. An identical thing. nonce-uses.
1690Dryden Amphitryon v. i, Tran. Two drops of water cannot be more like. Pol. They are two very sames. 1700― Ovid's Met. xv. Fables 515 Ev'n our own Bodies daily change receive,..Nor are to Day what Yesterday they were; Nor the whole same to Morrow will appear.
b. pl. Linguistics. Features or utterances that are identical.
[1926Bloomfield in Language II. 155 Within certain communities successive utterances are alike or partly alike... That which is alike will be called same. That which is not same is different. This enables us to use these words without reference to non-linguistic shades of sound and meaning. 1948B. Bloch in Ibid. XXIV. 10 Successive phonotations composed wholly of the same articulations are the same. Other aspects are different.] 1961R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts xvii. 378 The evidence of history warrants our regarding the italicized words in the following pairs as ‘sames’ in spite of the differences in meanings. We rode in the day coach. We went with the football coach [etc.]. 1962[see form n. 5 c]. 1964Crystal & Quirk Syst. Prosodic & Paralinguistic Features in Eng. iv. 49 We should..only subsequently look for the correlations between postulated ‘sames’ of tension and formal items in the linguistic and situational context which will enable us to make statements of meaning. 1977Trans. Philol. Soc. 1975 9 Certain configurations in languages typically result from the principled (‘lawful’) divergence over time of original sames.
C. adv. and in adverbial phrases.
1. the same:
a. in the same manner; (in weakened sense) just as. Const. as. to think the same of: to have the same (good) opinion of (a person). Similarly, to feel the same to.
Now rare in literary use; common dial., often with omission of the.
1766Museum Rust. III. 240 Sow the seed broad-cast,..then harrow it in, the same as turnep seed. 1827D. Johnson Ind. Field Sports 154 There is a physical cause for this, which operates the same in India as in the holy land. 1857‘S. Sondnokkur’ Ryde fro Ratchda to Manchistur (ed. 2) iv. 9 Aw kuddunt elp wundurin..wether it wur to put iz grund coffi in, saym uz wi dun o whoam. Ibid. vi. 14 Thir wur o rattlin saym uz uv o lot a peawur looms. 1861Geo. Eliot Silas M. xviii. 325 You'll never think the same of me again. 1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn ii. 10 Strange niggers would..look him all over, same as if he was a wonder. 1930W. Faulkner As I lay Dying 4 She ought to taken those cakes when she same as gave you her word. 1933M. Lowry Ultramarine i. 16 He knows bloody well same as myself it doesn't pay to shout and be unkind to youngsters. 1957L. P. Hartley Hireling viii. 65 But I shouldn't be able to serve them personally, same as I do now. 1975Listener 6 Feb. 174/1 There was no work... They were all bad years, because, same as I say, there was nothing.
b. = ‘all the same’: see 2. Obs. exc. poet.
1782F. Burney Cecilia v. viii, Suppose I am a cabinet-maker? When I send in my chairs, do I ask who is to sit upon them? No; it's all one to me..; I must be paid for the chairs the same, use them who may. 1884Browning Ferishtah (1885) 39 For as our liege the Shah's sublime estate Merely enhaloes, leaves him man the same, So [etc.].
c. same like: just like, the same as, in the same manner as. dial., illiterate, or joc.
1898W. P. Ridge Mord Em'ly x. 142 Beef Pudding same like Mother makes! 1922E. O'Neill Anna Christie ii. 134 Two my bro'der dey gat lost on fishing boat same like your bro'ders vas drowned. 1928J. Peterkin Scarlet Sister Mary iv. 47 E weddin-dress fits em same like a green shuck fits a young ear o corn. Ibid. xix. 207 I'll lay down on de ground an' holler same like a dog. Ibid. xxi. 227 ‘How you do today?’ ‘Fine. Same like a lamb a-jumpin.’ 1959A. Christie Cat among Pigeons ix. 107 ‘See no evil, hear no evil, think no evil. Same like the monkeys,’ observed Sergeant Percy Bond. 1968‘L. Egan’ Serious Investigation vi. 78 But same like the gent in Holy Writ, Beware the anger of a patient man. 1973G. Mitchell Murder of Busy Lizzie xv. 185 Ain't going to be no share-out. Same like the boy with the apple-core, if you happen to know that story. 1980I. Murdoch Nuns & Soldiers vii. 382, I have rich friends, same like you.
2. all the same: in spite of what has been mentioned; even if circumstances had been otherwise; nevertheless, notwithstanding.
1803M. Charlton Wife & Mistress I. 121 But who would have thought of my Lady Countess having a maid sent with young Miss, whilst my Dolly have nothing to do, but to milk a cow or two, and dust and scrub a bit, and cook a bit; and could all the same wait upon she too! 1845Disraeli Sybil vi. iv, What you say is well worth attention; but all the same I feel we are on the eve of a regular crisis. 1852Clough Poems, etc. (1869) I. 187 This winter is extraordinarily mild: to day a little hoar frost, but bright sunshine all the same. 1856F. E. Paget Owlet of Owlst. 164 No, thank you. Obliged to you, Henry, all the same. 1861J. Pycroft Agony Point (1862) 340 Audrey remarked that the said allowance made little difference; the money would have gone all the same. 1868Swinburne Blake 176 A man is locked up, with keys of gold indeed, yet is he a prisoner all the same. 1878Ruskin Let. to Dr. J. Brown 21 Oct., I was very sorry to come away. All the same, I'm glad to be at home again.
3. just the same:
a. Exactly in the same manner. Const. as.
b. None the less.
1874Aldrich Prudence Palfrey xiv. 281 And in the meantime Dillingham will continue his visits here just the same? 1901H. McHugh John Henry 59 ‘My mother was a lady’, so She said, but just the same She ate boiled cabbage with a knife Except when company came.
▪ II. same
variant of sam adv. and v. Obs.; obs. f. psalm; var. seam, lard; obs. f. shame n. and v. |
