| 释义 |
unˈkind, a.
[un-1 7. Cf. OE. uncynde, unᵹecynde (ME. unicunde un-1 3), Norw. ukyndt.]
†1. Strange, foreign. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 2302 Iosep..hem..taȝte wel, And hu he sulden hem best leden, Quene he comen in vnkinde ðeden. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7247 Vor þre kinges were of engelond of vnkunde [v.r. vnkynde] sede. a1400Northern Passion 1554 (Camb. MS.), A vnkynd man sone gan þai mete.
2. a. Of the weather or climate: Not mild or pleasant; ungenial. Now dial. or arch.
a1300Frag. Pop. Sci. (Wright) 168 He ne mai nevere thanne come bote the weder uncunde beo. c1325Poem temp. Edw. II (Percy Soc.) lxxvi, Wederyng..Cold & unkynde. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16541 Al þe folk wyþ tempest vnkynde Were slayn. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 465 So vnkinde a yeare it hath beene in England, that [etc.]. 1733Tull Horse-Hoeing Husb. xii. 145 Favourable Years will cure the Smut, as unkind ones will cause it. 1775Johnson West. Isl. Wks. X. 488 The climate is unkind and the ground penurious. 1813C. Marshall Gardening (ed. 5) xviii. 294 A fourth bed..would be a greater advantage as to size, especially if the weather is unkind. 1876,1881in Surrey and Radnor glossaries (s.v. Kind).
†b. Physically unnatural; contrary to the usual course of nature. Obs.
1435Cov. Leet Bk. 181 Yif he be necligent & mysrule his Iron, that he wirkithe, be onkynd hetes or elles in oder maner. c1440Promp. Parv. 365/2 On-kyynd, or nowȝt after cowrs of kynde, innaturalis. 1546T. Phaer Bk. Children (1553) X ij b, A soueraine medycyne for burning and scaldyng, and all vnkynde heates. 1601Holland Pliny II. 167 They doe quench and allay thirst, and coole unkind heat. 1603J. Davies (Heref.) Microcosmos 53 That by their service that fire might not vade, Which vnkind coldnesse else might overlade.
c. Naturally bad or hurtful; unfavourable or unsuitable; untoward. Also const. for or to. Now dial. (esp. of soil).
c1425Lydgate Assem. Gods 1023 Sensualyte..sewe the felde with hys vnkynde seede. c1450Lovelich Grail xxxvi. 595 That beste wolde..ony man qwelle that there-offen ete, it is so vnkynde, And þerto so hot. 1541R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 A iv b, Whiche is..commune to the curatyons of vnkynde humoures. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. ii. B 8 b, The East-wind being cold..is verie vnkind for Bees. 1682W. Hewer Let. to Pepys 13 May, A very unfortunate and unkinde disaster. 1762Mills Pract. Husb. I. 19 The blue, white, and red clay, if strong, are all unkind. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. to People 16 The constitutions..of several countries in Europe, which are unkind to the cultivation of the earth. 1877–in dialect glossaries, etc. (Eng. Dial. Dict.). 1879G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. 169 Gall,..a stiff, wet, ‘unkind’ place in plough-land.
d. Of animals: Not thriving or naturally tending to do so. Now dial.
1814G. Hanger To all Sportsmen 13 Whenever a horse looks unkind in his coat. 1834Southey Doctor cxliv, If ever he attempts to fatten an unkind beast.
e. dial. (See quot.)
1866J. E. Brogden Linc. Gloss. 216 Unkind, rough or crooked. These poles are very unkind.
†3.
a. Lacking in natural gratitude or willingness to acknowledge benefits; ungrateful. Obs.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 204/156 Ȝwane þov hast boþe bodi and soule iȝyuen us bi þine liue, Saunt faille we ne beoth nouȝt so onkuynde þat we it nellez ȝelde þe bliue. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 62 Malcolme..ȝit on Inglond ran, Þe kyng had him auanced, he was an vnkynd man. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 437 Ȝif any man..helpeth me at nede, I am vnkynde aȝein his curteisye. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 205 He is an onkynde man that denyeth hym to haue recevid a good dede. c1450Mirk's Festial 26 Þat scho was vnkynde to hym þat suffred so moche for hur. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 85 These vnkinde caytiues will scantly him honour. 1576Lambarde Peramb. Kent 276 Whiche..inestimable benefites..if any man..acknowledge not, he is to to vnkinde. 1649J. Taylor (Water P.) Western Voy. 6 The Redeemer of unkinde mankinde.
absol.1382Wyclif Wisd. xvi. 29 The hope of the vnkinde as cold ijs shal flowen. 1526Tindale Luke vi. 35 He is kynde vnto the vnkynde.
†b. Lacking in filial affection or respect; undutiful. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 28270 Vn-kynd i was..Gayn fader & moder. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1072 Ȝyf þou euer..On fadyr or modyr leydest þyn hand,..swyche a chylde ys kalled vnkynde. 1380Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 710 Vnkende men..helpe not here eldrys as þey schuld do. 1595Daniel Civ. Wars i. lxxxix, O! whither dost thou tend my vnkind sonne? What mischiefe dost thou go about to bring To..Thy mother countrey?
†c. Devoid of natural goodness; vile, bad, wicked, villainous. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2379 Þere he kudde wat he was vnkunde ssrewe & quoynte. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 4382 Þou me hast bitreyd,..Þou fel treytour, vnkinde blod. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 276 Thow art an vnkynde creature; I can þe nouȝte assoille, Til þow make restitucioun. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas viii. xxv. (1494) E iij b/2, Late men beware euer of vnkynde blode. c1460Towneley Myst. xxiv. 192 Then noy vs nomore of this noyse; you carles vnkynde, who bad you call me? 1529S. Fish Supplic. Beggers (1871) 4 Let vs then compare the nombre of this vnkind idell sort, vnto the nombre of the laye people. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. ii. 43 For they, how euer shamefull and vnkind, Yet did possesse their horrible intent. 16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. iv. ii. 1705 Thou slimie sprighted vnkinde Saracen.
†d. Of a worse kind; degenerate. Obs.
1340Ayenb. 188 Þe zone ssel by ylich þe uader oþer he is onkende be zaynte peter. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. xxvi. (Tollem. MS.), Þe lenger he lyueþ þe more he scheweþ þat his owen kynde is unkynde. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 577/41 Degener, vnkynde. 1483Cath. Angl. 203/1 To be vn Kynde, or to go oute of kynde, degenerare.
†e. Uncharitable, ungenerous. Obs.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 6788 For ful comunly shalt þou fynde Ofte ryche men vnkynde. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. x. 29 Þilke þat god moste gyueth, leste good þei deleth, And moste vnkynde to þe comune þat moste catel weldeth. Ibid. xi. 206 Euery man helpe other,..And be we nouȝte vnkynde of owre catel ne of owre kunnynge neyther.
†4. Of actions: Contrary to nature, unnatural, esp. unnaturally bad or wicked. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 449 Bigamie is unkinde ðing, On engleis tale, twie-wifing. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 852 Many kundemen of þis lond mid king leir hulde also, Vor þe vnkunde [v.r. vnkynde] suikedom þat is doȝtren adde ido. c1320Sir Tristr. 2758 Vnkinde were ous to kis As kenne. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiii. 356 Þorw coueityse and vnkynde desyrynge. c1480Henryson Fables, Trial of Fox 809 Fy! Couetice, vnkynd and venemous. 1592Greene Philomela Wks. (Grosart) XI. 131 If such vnlawfull lust, such vnkinde desires,..procures so great losse. 1606Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. i. Tropheis 1232 Cowardly treason,..Un-kinde Rebellion. 1656Cowley Davideis iii. 204 Their too much Wealth, vast, and unkind does grow.
†5. Unnaturally cruel, severe, or hostile. Obs.
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 540 Vn-kinde kiþe ȝe ȝou to kille ȝour children. a1375Joseph Arim. 242 He tolde hem..of heore fadres bi-fore þat he fond vn-kuynde. c1400Brut 245 Wiþ sir Andrew of Herkela, þat is callede þe vnkynde out-putter. c1440Gesta Rom. lxvii. 306 (Harl. MS.), My fadir is so vnkynde, þat he woll not pay my raunsom for me. 1513Douglas æneid i. i. 44 Full deip ingravin in hir breist vnkynd [was] The jugement of Paris. 1635R. Johnson Hist. Tom a Lincolne (1828) 117 Making thyselfe unkinde and monstrous in murthering of thy mother. 1659Hammond On Ps. cxxxvii. 7 When our unkind neighbours the Edumæans were so forward to joyne their hands with our enemies.
6. Lacking in kindness or kindly feeling; acting harshly or ungently to others. Also absol.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. i. 166 Beo no men hardore þen þei,..Vn-kuynde to heore kun and to alle cristene. 1393Ibid. C. xx. 216 Beo unkynde to þyn emcrystene, and..The holy-gost huyreþ þe nat. 1509Fisher Funeral Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 307 Were not she an vnkinde & vngentyl moder? 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §11 His neyghbours be vnkynde, if they wyll not lende this yonge housbande parte of this sede. a1550in Early XVI Cent. Lyrics lxv. 71 The turtle doue is not vnkinde to him that loues her so. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. i. 101 To the Noble minde, Rich gifts wax poore, when giuers proue vnkinde. 1645in Verney Mem. (1904) I. 422 Censured by the world to be the most unkind and unnatural brother. 1675Dryden Aurengz. i. i. 428 That Man..Has been to you unkind, to me unjust. 1738Wesley Ps. v. iii, The Hearts unkind, and Hearts untrue, Are both abhor'd by Thee. 1796Mrs. J. West Gossip's Story II. 169 She tried to recal the dear unkind by tears, and soft complaints. 1820Shelley Hymn Mercury lii, What mean you to do With me, you unkind God?
transf.1802Wordsw. ‘Bright Flower’ 15 Thou wouldst teach him how to find..A hope for times that are unkind. 1875Morris æneid xii. 144 Thee only..I love of all who e'er have come Into the unkind bed of Jove from out a Latin home. 1885R. Bridges Eros & Psyche Apr. xxiv, Ascending many a mile Over the long brown slopes and crags unkind.
b. Of actions, speech, etc.: Characterized by want of kindness.
c1400Destr. Troy 1452 What myschefe befell, Þere no cause was to ken but vnkynd wordes. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. (1823) lv. iii, Then I would have borne with patient cheere An unkind part from whom I know unkind. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. xi. 24 In charge of one..who with vnkind disdaine..her did much molest. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. ii. 187 This was the most vnkindest cut of all. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. (1702) I. 6 The abrupt, and unkind breaking off the Two first Parliaments. 1710Steele Tatler No. 246 ⁋1 The Word Imperfection would not carry an unkinder Idea than the Word Humanity. 1796F. Burney Camilla III. 432 If she persisted in such unkind and unnatural conduct. 1810Lamb Wks. (1908) I. 78 This was the unkindest blow of all. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn xxx, A mistress who never addressed to them an unkind word. |
