| 释义 |
astro-|ˈæstrəʊ|
repr. Gr. ἀστρο- stem and comb. form of ἄστρον ‘star.’ In compounds formed in Greek itself, as astronomy, ἀστρονοµία; in others formed in L.; and in many of mod. formation: as astro-ˈalchemist, one who mingled astrology and alchemy; astrobiˈology, a branch of biology concerned with the discovery or study of life on the celestial bodies; (astro-biology (ad. F. astrobiologie (R. Bertholet)) and astrobiological also occur in Mind (1934) XLIII. 269 and Mind (1937) XLVI. 116 applied to a pseudo-metaphysical interpretation of certain ancient beliefs of the Chaldeans); astroˈbotany [ad. Russ. astrobotanika (Tikhov 1945)], the study of plant organisms on the celestial bodies; hence astroˈbotanist; ˌastro-chronoˈlogical a., pertaining to the chronology and periods of the heavenly bodies; astroˈcompass, a form of compass for determining the direction of true north relative to the stars; used for correcting the errors of magnetic or gyroscopic compasses; ˌastro-dyˈnamics (see quot. 1955); astro-fix, the process or an act of determining the position of an aircraft by observation of the stars; astro-hatch = astrodome; ˌastroliˈthology, the scientific study of meteoric stones (1850 Sowerby Pop. Min. 218); astroˈmagical a., pertaining to star-divination, astromantic; ˌastrophaˈnometer [Gr. ϕανός bright, τὸ ϕανόν brightness: see -meter], obs. equivalent of astrometer (1830 Edin. Encycl. III. 1); ˈastrophile, a lover of the stars (also fig.); astroˈphobia, fear of the influence of the stars; ˌastro-phoˈtometer, an apparatus for measuring the intensity of a star's light; hence ˌastrophotoˈmetrical a.; astroˈphyllite [Gr. ϕύλλον leaf + -ite], an orthorhombic mineral of yellow colour and micaceous composition, occurring sometimes in stellate groups (Dana); astroˈplankton, living material, postulated by Liebig, Kelvin and others but not yet observed, drifting in space; astro-shot (colloq.), astro-sight, an observation of the stars for the purpose of determining the position of an aircraft in flight; ˌastro-theˈology, that part of theology which may be deduced from the study of the stars; a religious system founded upon the observation of the heavens.
1876M. Collins Midn. to Midn. III. iv. 29 The *astroälchymist regarded him with contemplative compassionate eyes.
1955Sci. News Let. 13 Aug. 107/2 Among operational sciences and skills..would be..*astro-biology. 1958C. C. Adams et al. Space Flight x. 240 The International Mars Committee..surveyed astrobiology, spectroscopic evidence of vegetation on Mars [etc.]
1952Sci. News Let. 5 Jan. 2 There is much attention [in the Soviet Union] to what is called *astrobotany.
1956Newsweek 22 Oct. 26/2 Gabriel Tikhov, Soviet ‘*astrobotanist’, reports confirmation of his theory that higher forms of vegetation, similar to trees, exist on Mars.
1851Househ. Words Mar. 545 Who is to check his *astro-chronological computation?
1951Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) iii. 10 *Astro-compass, a non-magnetic instrument which gives the direction of true north relative to a celestial body.
1955Sci. News Let. 13 Aug. 107/1 *Astrodynamics, dealing with ‘the dynamic flight behavior of space vehicles’. It would include the performance kinetics and dynamics, stability and control of spacecraft, similar to aerodynamics in aeronautics.
1941J. A. Hammerton ABC of RAF 111 If the aircraft is over cloud and with clear sky above, the navigator may use the stars and get an ‘*astro’ fix. 1944‘N. Shute’ Pastoral iv. 97 He said ‘Navigator to captain. Can you get her up above this for an astro fix?’
1941A. O. Pollard Bombers over Reich x. 140 White frost..on the *astrohatch. 1944Times 18 Jan. 6/3 Over the target area one engine was put out of action and the astro-hatch shattered.
1652Gaule Magastrom. 73 In *astromagicall diviners..when astrologicall magick had its first possession among men.
1708Motteux Rabelais Prol., I have..look'd out whatever all the *Astrophyles..have thought. 1903Daily Chron. 6 June 5/2 Dr. Anderson..refuses..the name of astronomer... As he makes his observations with the naked eye from his own study window, with merely a pocket telescope..he prefers the name astrophil. 1936L. Pearsall Smith in S.P.E. Tract XLVI. 204 The fever of perfection is not catching; and if it be foolish for these astrophils to hitch their wagons (in Emerson's phrase) to this remotely glittering star, surely they cannot reasonably be supposed to inflict any serious damage on the solar system.
1871Alger Future Life 604 Bitten by some theological fear which has given him the *astrophobia.
1876Chambers Astron. 481 An elaborate catalogue of 206 conspicuous stars arranged progressively in the order of brightness as determined by an *astro-photometer.
1878Astron. Soc. Notices XXXVIII. 65 On a new *astrophotometrical method.
1954J. B. S. Haldane in New Biol. XVI. 25 One of the earliest parties to land on the moon should be able to look for *astroplankton, that is to say spores and the like, in dust from an area of the moon which is never exposed to sunlight.
1946V. Tempest Near Sun i. 15 An *Astro-shot is a check on navigation that is made by the use of a sextant and the stars.
1943L. Cheshire Bomber Pilot i. 10 To check..by visual pin-point if possible: if not, by taking drifts or *Astro sights.
1714Derham (title) *Astro-Theology, or a Demonstration of the Being and attributes of God, from a survey of the heavens. 1882Q. Rev. July 131 The astro-theology of Chaldæa.
Add: ˌastro-archaeˈologist n., an expert in or student of astro-archaeology.
1981Sci. Amer. Oct. 38/1 An Amherst physicist turned *astroarchaeologist.
ˌastro-archaeˈology n. = archaeoastronomy n.
1965G. S. Hawkins Stonehenge Decoded viii. 121 If any university or foundation is casting about for promising fields of exploration and research, let it consider *astro-archaeology! 1976Publishers Weekly 30 Aug. 330/2 The burgeoning study of astro-archaeology. 1981G. Daniel Short Hist. Archaeol. v. 196 Von Däniken..has added astronaut archaeology to the already dubious semi-scholarship of astro-archaeology. |
