| 释义 |
▪ I. wallow, n.|ˈwɒləʊ|
In 6 walow.
[f. wallow v.]
1. a. The act of wallowing or rolling in mud or filth; also fig. Also concr., the filth in which swine wallow.
a1591H. Smith Serm., Jacob's Ladder (1601) 545 Let the dog turne to the vomit, and the swine to the walow. 1896G. S. Ogilvie Sin of St. Hulda ii. 40 Thou'st called me from the filthy byre of swine, The wallow of indulgence and gross deeds. 1898Advance (Chicago) 3 Mar. 284/1 Poor wretches who are converted a dozen times in a winter only to return to their wallow and cups. 1913Sir H. Clifford in Blackw. Mag. Oct. 479/2 After a heart-breaking attempt to cleanse the sweat of travel by a wallow in a mud-hole. 1969J. Gross Rise & Fall Man of Lett. iii. 89 Nor was he at all averse himself, as a reader, to a nice old-fashioned romantic wallow, with wedding-bells ringing out in Chapter the Last. 1975Listener 4 Dec. 746/2 While we are having a wallow, let me suggest that reviewers discussing ‘X’ films..should be more explicit.
b. A mud-hole or dust-hole formed by the wallowing of a buffalo, elephant, or rhinoceros. Also transf.
1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. xxxi. I. 249 ‘A bull in his wallow’..has a very significant meaning with those who have ever seen a buffalo bull..endeavouring to cool his heated sides, by tumbling about in a mud puddle. 1882Contemp. Rev. Aug. 229 The wallows are saucer-like depressions in the ground, made by the buffaloes rubbing themselves. 1900Pollok & Thom Sports Burma v. 167 One rhinoceros may have two or three wallows, or mud-holes, which he visits in turn. 1963A. Smith Throw out Two Hands xi. 114 Every so often came a glutinous wallow where some lorry had spent time not only in extricating itself but in deforming the track still further.
c. fig. A state of depression or stagnation.
1934in Webster. 1938Times 19 Jan. 13/5 Cannot some effort be made to rescue from the wallow into which in the provinces it is falling that fine old British institution the Christmas pantomime? 1969J. Gaskell Sweet Sweet Summer 77 And you know how inter-holed and jig-saw-slotted intricate incestuous old showbis is—one despairs, they're all down in the black wallow. 1975Bookseller 3 May 2380/2 Lifting the Sunday Times novel reviews out of the terrible wallows they have been in for the last few years.
2.
†a. A rolling walk or gait. Obs.
1676Dryden Etheredge's Man of Mode Epil. 22 His various Modes from various Fathers follow; One taught the Toss, and one the new French Wallow.
b. The roll or swell of the sea. poet.
1868Morris Earthly Par. I. Prol. 31 And much ado had we To ride unspilt the wallow of the sea.
3. dial. The line into which hay is raked before being carted or cocked.
1874Jefferies Toilers of Field (1892) 119 Twenty women..turning a ‘wallow’, or shaking up the green swathes left by the mowers.
▪ II. wallow, a. Now dial. (see Eng. Dial. Dict.)|ˈwɒləʊ|
Forms: 1 wealᵹ, 3 walh, 5 walhwe, walow, 6 walowe, 9 wallow. See also waugh a.
[OE. wealᵹ (*walᵹ) = LG. walg, insipid (cf. MDu. walghe ‘nausea, fastidium’), Norw. valg tasteless:—OTeut. *walwo-:—pre-Teut. *wolqwo-.
The disyllabic wallow represents the inflected form wealᵹ-; in the uninflected form the final |ɣ| became |x|, yielding the mod. northern waugh.]
Tasteless, insipid; sickly.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. lviii. 447 Se wearma welð on godum cræftum, ðylæs he sie wealᵹ for wlæcnesse, & forðæm weorðe utaspiwen. c1230Hali Meid. 35 Þi muð is bitter, & walh al þat tu cheowest. 1825Brockett N.C. Words, Wallow, insipid. 1886S.W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., Oh, mother, how wallow this here bread is!—Why, bairn, I'd gotten no salt to put in it; it maks it a bit wallowish.
b. Comb.: † wallow-sweet a., ?cloyingly sweet.
c1440Promp. Parv. 515/1 Walhwe swete [Winch. walow⁓swete], supra in bytter swete. 1532More Confut. Tindale Pref. E e iij b, The olde holsome wyne..[doth] offend theyr dronken taste, bycause yt is not so walow swete but drynketh more of y⊇ verder. 1534― Treat. Passion Wks. 1274/1 But the walowe sweete pleasure of that fruite, soone tourned to displeasure and payne.
▪ III. wallow, v.1|ˈwɒləʊ|
Forms: 1 wealwian, weal(o)wiᵹan, 3 weolewe, 3–5 walewe, walwe, 4 Sc. valou-, 4–5 wolow, walu-, 4–7 walow(e, 5 walo-, 5, 7 wallo-, 5–7 wallowe, 6– wallow. Also 3–4 welu, 5 welwyn, welowyn.
[OE. wealwian:—OTeut. *walwōjan; a parallel OTeut. *walwjan occurs in Goth. (af-, at-, faur-) walwjan, OE. wielwan, to roll (trans.); cf. Goth. walwisōn to roll (intr.).
The Teut. *welw-: *walw- represents Pre-Teut. *welw-, *welu-, whence Gr. ἐλυσθείς rolled, wrapped, ἔλυτρον wrapper, case, L. volvĕre to roll.]
I. Intransitive senses.
†1. Of a round object (a stone, a wheel): To roll (along the ground); to move by revolving or rotating. Only in OE. Hence fig. of a thought: To revolve or be turned over in the mind. Obs.
c888ælfred Boeth. vi, Ðonne þær micel stan wealwiende of þam heohan munte oninnan fealð. Ibid. xxxix. §7 Þa felᵹa þeah hongiað on þæm spacan, þeah hi eallunga wealowiᵹen on þære eorðan. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 301, I praye þat it greve ȝow nouȝt..þeyȝ I telle ȝow openliche what haþ longe tyme i-halowed [v.rr. walwed, ywalwed] in myn herte [L. quod animus meus diu volutavit].
2. a. Of a person or animal: To roll about, toss or tumble from side to side, while lying down or stretched out. Now rare exc. as in 3.
c900Bæda's Hist. iii. ix. (1890) 178 [Ðæt hors] ongon wealwian & on æᵹhwæðre siidan hit ᵹelomlice oferwearp. c1386Chaucer Wife's T. 229 Whan he was with his wyf abedde ybroght, He walweth and he turneth to and fro. 1388Wyclif Mark ix. 19 [20] He was throw doun to grounde, and walewide, and fomede. 1480Caxton Myrr. ii. xv. (1913) 102 The hyrchon, whan he fyndeth apples beten or blowen doun of a tree, he woloweth on them tyll he be..laden wyth the fruyt stykyng on his pryckes. 1530Palsgr. 771/1, I wallowe, I tourne to and fro. Je me voystre. What wylte thou gyve me, an I wyll walowe from this hyll toppe down to the grounde. 1538Elyot Dict., Voluto, to tourne lyinge, to walow. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 231 The fysshe..waloweth on euery syde and about the shyppe. 1602Carew Cornwall i. 3 b, Where the Horse walloweth, some haires will still remaine. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton v. (1840) 94 Some that were wounded and lame, who lay wallowing and screaming..upon the ground. 1881Jowett Thucyd. i. 127 The dead lay as they had died, one upon another, while others hardly alive wallowed [ἐκαλινδοῦντο] in the streets.
†b. said of persons wrestling together. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Reeve's T. 358 And in the floor, with nose and mouth to-broke, They walwe, as doon two pigges in a poke. a1400Morte Arth. 1142 Wrothely thai wrythyn and wrystill to-gederz, Welters and walowes ouer with-in thase buskez. 1470–85Malory Arthur v. v. 168 Thenne Arthur weltred and wrong, that he was other whyle vnder and another tyme aboue, And so weltryng and walowynge they rolled doune the hylle.
c. To move about heavily or clumsily; to go along with a rolling or floundering gait.
1570Drant Serm. B viij b, Pope Leo that was so forgrowen with fatte, that he coulde not wallowe vp two staires in the Capitall. 1576Turberv. Venerie lxxvii. 216 They [i.e. bears] go somtimes a galloppe, & somtimes an amble: but when they wallow then they go at moste ease. 1599Marston Ant. & Mel. v. (1602) I 1, When I see..another wallowe in a greate sloppe, I mistrust the proportion of his thigh. 1603Dekker Wonderf. Yr. F 2, My gorbelly Host..out of the house he wallowed presentlie. 1609W. M. Man in Moone, Glutton E 2, Now he approacheth wallowing like a woman with childe. 1845S. Judd Margaret ii. i, Toads..shrugged and wallowed up from their torpid beds. 1864Lowell Fireside Trav. 232 In a moment you [in the diligence] are rattling and rumbling and wallowing down into the valley. 1876J. Weiss Wit, Hum. & Shaks. iv. 130 This rotund earth that goes wallowing eastward in an aboriginal Falstaff.
†d. To flounder in speech. Obs.
14..Bk. Curtasye 63 in Babees Bk. 301 Yf any man speke þat tyme [i.e. when thy mouth is over-full] to the, And þou schalle onsware, hit wille not be But waloande, and a-byde þou most.
3. To roll about, or lie prostrate and relaxed in or upon some liquid, viscous, or yielding substance (e.g. mire, blood, water, dust, sand). Often implying sensual enjoyment or indifference to defilement. Usu. with in.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. liv. 421 He wealwode on ðæm ᵹedrofum wætere. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Þan hie [swine] fulle beð, hie secheð to þe fule floddri and þaron waleweð. a1225Juliana 41 Ich hit am þe reafde þe riche Job his ahte, swa þat he weolewede of wontreðe iþe mixne. c1380Sir Ferumb. 2328 Þe Amyral..walwede þanne on þe dyche. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. lxxxvii. (1495) 836 Whan swyne ben syke they walowe in fenne and in puddels. c1450Mirk's Festial 226 Loþe had he byn forto haue seen wormes and grubbes walewe yn þat blessyd full wombe. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. 149 A marrishe is to be preferred before a dry ground, that they [swine] may..wallowe in the myre, and toomble in the puddels of water. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. iii. 298 Or Wallow naked in December snow. 1611Bible 2 Sam. xx. 12 Amasa wallowed in blood in the mids of the high way. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 411 Part huge of bulk Wallowing unweildie, enormous in thir Gate Tempest the Ocean. 1699W. Dampier Voy. ii. iii. v. 48 'Tis reported the Commanders do keep Bathing-Troughs full of Water to lye and wallow in. 1791Cowper Odyss. x. 391 Hence—seek the sty. There wallow with thy friends. 1819Stephens in Shaw's Gen. Zool. XI. i. 139 They [Gallinaceæ] are fond of wallowing in the dust. 1838Dickens O. Twist viii, Little knots of houses, where drunken men and women were positively wallowing in filth. 1878H. S. Wilson Alpine Ascents ii. 53 We wallow in soft rotten snow above our knees.
4. Of a ship: To roll from side to side; to sail with a rolling motion; to roll helplessly in the trough of the waves. † Of a floating object: To be tossed about.
c1300St. Gregory 371 in Archiv. Stud. neu. Spr. LVII. 63 Hij seien a bat come walwynge. c1350Northern Passion II. 128 (MS. Rawl.) Þar nettes walweþ þat ssolde hem fede. c1590in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. ii. 163 Which caused our ship to rowle and wallow. 1633T. James Voy. 79 Which made her swag and wallow in her Docke. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. vi. 247 It were an endless work to relate how they [the Danish ships] wallow'd up and down to every particular place. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton ii. (1840) 33 She wallowed so in the sea, that we..thought she would at last wallow herself bottom up. 1914Blackw. Mag. Jan. 23/2 The Bussorah was not a good boat, and she pitched and rolled and wallowed all through the Bay.
5. Of the sea, waves: To roll, surge, heave, toss. Of wind: To whirl, blow gustily. Of a liquid: To spout, gush; to spring or well up. Of flame, smoke, vapour: To surge up.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 71 Venim or vernisch or vinegre, I trouwe, Walleþ [v.rr. walewiþ, walweþ] in my wombe. Ibid. ix. 36 Þe goodes in þis world ben lyk þis grete wawes, Riht as wyndes and watres waleweþ aboute. c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. pr. vi. (1886) 40 They don as grete damages and destrucciouns as doth the flaumbe of the mountaigne ethna whan the flawmbe walweth vp. c1386― Miller's T. 430 Hym thynketh verraily that he may see Noees flood come walwynge [v.r. walkyng] as the see. 1529More Dyaloge i. x. 17 To se that great water cum walowynge vp agaynst the wynde. a1593Marlowe Lucan i. 614 No vaine sprung out, but from the yawning gash In steed of red bloud wallowed venemous gore. 1611Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. (1614) 105/2 At the ebbe and fall of tide it [the well] walloweth up amaine. 1848Lowell Sir Launfal ii. Pref. 43 Through the deep gulf of the chimney wide Wallows the Yule-log's roaring tide. 1913Eng. Rev. Nov. 514 The smoke-funnel tottered, then fell thundering upon the deck... Enormous clouds of steam wallowed up from below.
6. fig. (cf. sense 3).
a. To remain plunged in the mire of sensuality, degraded habits, or the like; ‘to live in any state of filth or gross vice’ (J.); to take delight in gross pleasures or a demoralizing way of life. Usu. with in.
c1230Hali Meid. 13 Þa ilke sari wrecches, þat i þat ilke fule wurðinge, unweddede, walewið. 1340Ayenb. 126 We waleweþ ase zuyn hyer beneþe ine þise wose of þise wordle. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 217 To walwe in glotonye & drounkenesse as swyn in þe feen. a1513Fabyan Chron. vi. cxcviii. (1811) 204 He walowed in lechery. 1577Wolton Cast. Christians H j, Some of them..do wallowe and tumble in al kinde of wickednesse. 1611Bible Ecclus. xxiii. 12 The godly..shall not wallow in their sinnes. 1641Milton Animadv. Wks. 1851 III. 149 To purifie and renew his Church that lay wallowing in Idolatrous pollutions. 1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 180, I wallowed in sloth and voluptuous ease. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) II. 81 The corrupted nature would fain wallow like a quadruped in sensual pleasures.
†b. To be involved in (error, self-will); to be immersed or engrossed in (some occupation, activity, etc.); to go in and out, be busy among (a body of persons). Obs.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 261 Þerfore sathanas ordeyned þes newe sectis..to walwe among þe peple & stire hem bi word & ensaumple to be vnstable in þe feiþ. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles i. 27 Graceles gostis..That..walwed in her willis, ffor-weyned in here youthe. 1415Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 318 Þat yee aryse out of your errour soone, þat there-in walwid han goon is ful yore. 1632G. Herbert Priest to Temple xiv. (1671) 49 There he shall find his flock most naturally as they are, wallowing in the midst of their affairs.
c. To abound or ‘roll’ in (wealth, possessions). Chiefly with contemptuous implication. ? Obs.
a1425Cursor M. 4503 (Trin.) Mon þat waleweþ al in ȝeles [Cott. weltres in his weles.]. 1564–78W. Bullein Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 83 This fellow walloweth in benefices, as the Hedgehog doeth with apples upon his prickles. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 742 Egelricke..found such a mighty masse of money buried within the ground..that, wallowing now in wealth, he gave over his Bishopricke. 1679Shadwell True Widow iii. 37 My Lady wallows in money, she knows not what to do with it. 1765Wesley Wks. (1872) III. 238 A man that wallows in gold and silver.
d. jocular. To give oneself up unrestrainedly to enjoyment; to revel in.
1876‘Mark Twain’ Tom Sawyer x. 97 But if ever I get off this time, I lay I'll just waller in Sunday-schools! 1881― Lett. to Publishers (1967) 136 The Earl's literary excrement charmed me like Fanny Hill. I just wallowed in it. 1887M. E. Braddon Like & Unlike xxiii, I mean to wallow in strawberries and cream for the rest of the evening. 1905H. A. Vachell The Hill v. 121, I used to buy the Police News when I was a kid, and simply wallow in it.
II. Transitive senses (chiefly causative).
†7. To cause (a rounded object) to roll on the ground; to trundle. Also with adv., as away, to. Also, to carry forth, transport. Obs.
a1380St. Augustine 1331 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 84 Þis messagers gret ȝiftus ȝauen Seint Austines bodi forte hauen, And forþ wiþ hem þei gonne it walwe, Til þei come to þe toun of Janwe. 1382Wyclif Matt. xxvii. 60 He walowid to a grete stoon at the dore of the biriel. ― Mark xvi. 4 And thei biholdinge syȝen the stoon walewid awey. c1440Promp. Parv. 521/2 Welwyn', or rollyn' al thyngys þat may not be borne, volvo. 1662J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 18, I clearly beheld, that Reason is wallowed up and down, among thick darknesses.
†8. To cause (a person or animal) to roll or toss about; to cause to lie prostrate or immersed (in some liquid or sticky substance). Chiefly refl. and pass. Also fig. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xviii. (Egipciane) 467 Ay valouand me in þat syne, as sow a medynge dois vithine. 1382Wyclif Mark ix. 19 [20] And he cast doun in to the erthe, was walewid frothinge [Vulg. Et elisus in terram volutabatur spumans]. a1400Chaucer To Rosemounde 17–18 Nas neuer pyk walwed in galauntyne As I in loue am walwed and Iwounde. 1553Wilson Rhet. 116, I was merye here upon this bancke wyth an other prieste, and wallowynge me downe upon the grasse, I said these wordes. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. 122 A horse that is weery..wylbe woonderfully refreasshed..yf he may wallow him selfe eyther in the stable, or other dry place. 1611Bible Jer. vi. 26 Gird thee with sackcloth, and wallowe thy selfe in ashes. 1618Bolton Florus iv. ii. (1636) 281 The yong Kings body was found as it lay wallowed under mud. 1673Lady's Call. Pref. 3 How can a soul that remembers its celestial extraction, wallow itself in the mire.
†9. To cause (the sea) to roll or toss. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. met. vii. (1886) 19 Yif the trowble wynde þat hyht Auster, turnyng and waluynge the see medleth the hete.
†10. With complement: ? To make (dirty) by wallowing. Obs.
1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 191 All dirt and mire some wallow bed, as spanniels vse to doo.
Hence ˈwallowing vbl. n. and ppl. a. ˈwallowingly adv.
a1225Ancr. R. 294 Þet, of þe walewing, rug & side & wombe orn al o grure blode. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 517 Þe wrastlinge [v.rr. walewinge, wallowynge] bitvene hom was somdel toȝt. 1382Wyclif 2 Pet. ii. 22 A sowe waschun in the walewinge of cley [Vulg. in volutabro luti]. a1400–50Wars Alex. 4064 Wele seldom is þe see with him-selfe turbild Bot with þir walowand windis. c1440Promp. Parv. 521/2 Welwynge, volutacio. 1552Huloet, Wallowyngelye, volutatim. 1553Eden Treat. New Ind. (Arb.) 16 Their pase in goyng is somewhat slowe & walowinge. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions Pref. 18 To cutte through the wallowyng seas. 1592Nashe Strange Newes G 3, Master Stannyhurst..trod a foule lumbring boystrous wallowing measures [sic] in his translation of Virgil. 1606Chapman Mons. D'Olive ii. i. D 1 b, There saw I our great Galliasses tost Vpon the wallowing waues. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1851 III. 317 We cry out Sacriledge and misdevotion against those who in zeale have demolish't the dens and cages of her uncleane wallowings. 1680R. L'Estrange Sel. Colloq. Erasm. 8 The wallowing of the great Ship overturn'd it. 1684Lond. Gaz. No. 1906/4 She [a mare] hath a wallowing pace. 1887Morris Odyss. xii. 219 Drive thou thy ship aloof through the reek and the wallowing sea. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. lxviii. 532 The ringsters of both parties return to their wallowing in the mire. [Echoing 2 Pet. ii. 22.] 1903H. Clifford Free Lance x. 81 She rose and plunged and rolled wallowingly.
▪ IV. wallow, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.|ˈwɒləʊ|
Forms: 1 wealwian, wealowian, -uwian, -owiᵹan, 3–4 weolewe(n, welyhe, pa. pple. welud, walud, 3–5 welewe(n, welwe(n, 4–5 welowe, walow(e, welwye, wolwe, 5 wellow, walwyn, pa. pple. walluid, waleyt, 5– wallow.
[OE. wealwian, f. Teut. root *walχw-, *walγw-, whence wealᵹ wallow a. The ME. we(o)lewe, etc. may represent a different ablaut-grade. Cf. welk v., which may be remotely connected.]
intr. To wither, fade; to waste away. lit. and fig. Often conjugated with be.
c888ælfred Boeth. xxi, On lencten hit grewð, & on hærfest hit wealwað. a1300Cursor M. 1326 O þe steppes vmthoght he þan þat welud war for sin of man. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xv. 50 Such serewe hath myn sides thurhsoht, That al y weolewe a-way to noht. 1382Wyclif Isa. xix. 6 The reed and the resshe shal welewen. 1387Trevisa Higden VII. 477 Þis land wiþ his kyng..welwes away. c1420Wyntoun Cron. i. Prol. 123 To þis my wit is wallowit dry, But fleure or froyte. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 216 The fayrenesse of the worlde was welwed wyth brennyng of thre fyres. 1513Douglas æneis vii. Prol. 64 Herbis, flouris, and gersis wallowit away. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 20 Now is he wallowit and waik as ony wand. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xv. 24 In earth, ȝe sweit flouris, tak na rute, But wallow altogidder! a1699J. Kirkton Hist. Ch. Scot. vii. (1817) 269 Indeed after that day his flower begane to wallow. a1792Geordie iii. in Child Ballads IV. 127/1 When first she lookd the letter on, She was baith red and rosy; But she had na read a word but twa, Till she wallowt like a lily.
Hence ˈwallowed ppl. a., withered, faded, discoloured. ˈwallowing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
c1230Hali Meid. 35 Al is, wið a welewunge [v.r. weolewunge], þi wlite ouer warpen. a1300Cursor M. 11213 He þat þe walud wand moght ger In a night leif and fruit ber. a1437Jas. I Good Counsel 11 Of grene gress sone cumis wallowit hay. c1450Mirk's Festial 256 Roses and flowres wythout welewyng. 1483Cath. Angl. 413/2 Wellowynge, flactor, flactencia, Marcor; Marcessibilis, Marcibilis. 1513Douglas æneis vii. viii. 11 With wallowit wyngis [L. fuscis alis]. c1560A. Scott Poems xiv. 16 How far þe rosy gowlis Passis the wallowit weidis in þe vaill. 1719Hardyknute i. 297 in Pinkerton Sel. Sc. Ballads (1783) I. 13 In thrauis of dethe, wi wallow'd cheik,..The bleiding corps of warriours lay. 1843Whistle-binkie Ser. v. 117 Our dochters..Can thow the icy tags that hing About our wallow't hearts.
▪ V. wallow
obs. Sc. form of value v. |
