MONEY1 money2 money in the form of coins or notes3 the money that is used in a country4 an amount of money5 a large amount of money6 all the money that a person, company etc has7 money that you receive regularly8 money given to a student to pay for his or her education9 money for starting a new business or other activity10 money that you pay to the government11 money paid to someone to make them do something dishonest12 money that you pay to your former husband or wife13 money that is collected for a purpose14 relating to money and the way it is used15 to put money into a business, in order to make money16 the financial system in a country or area17 when a person or company has no money18 having no money to spend at the present timeRELATED WORDSsomeone who wants a lot of money 贪财的人GREEDYto have just enough money to live 生活拮据的人SURVIVEsee alsoRICHPOORPROFITEARNOWECOSTSPEND MONEY OR TIMEPAYSELLBUYEXPENSIVECHEAPFREE1 money 钱money /ˈmʌni/ [uncountable noun]what you use to buy things, what you earn by working etc 钱，金钱 We don't have enough money for a vacation this year. 今年我们没有足够的钱去度假了。 I haven't got any money, if that's what you're after. 如果你想要钱，我一点儿钱都没有。 Do you think these trainers are worth the extra money? 你认为这些运动鞋值得多付钱吗？money to do something/money for somethingmoney you can use to pay for something 做某事所需的钱/买某物的钱 Dad, can I have some money to buy some new jeans? 爸爸，给我些钱买条新的牛仔裤好吗？ If she's got money to run a car, how come she gets the bus every day? 如果她有钱养得起汽车，她怎么会每天乘公共汽车呢？ Shall I give you some money for petrol? 我给你点钱买汽油吧。spend (your) money (on something) I spend far too much money on Christmas presents. 我花太多的钱买圣诞礼物了。 Don't spend all your money on sweets. 别把钱都用来买糖果吃。save moneynot spend much money 省钱 ‘Are you coming out with us on Saturday?’ ‘No, I'm trying to save money.’ “星期六和我们一起出去玩吗？”“不了，我想省点钱。”waste (your) money (on something)spend money on things you do not really need 浪费钱〔买某物〕 She wastes an awful lot of money on expensive clothes. 她浪费了许多钱买昂贵的衣服。 We're wasting public money, which would be better spent on improving the service we offer. 我们在浪费公款，这些钱本可以用来改善我们提供的服务。a waste of money Critics have described the project as ‘a complete waste of money’. 批评的人把这个项目说成“完全是在浪费钱”。 Gillian said not to get any flowers - she thinks it's a waste of money. 吉莉恩说不要买花，她觉得这是在浪费钱。good moneyinformalwhen the amount of money you earn or pay for something is quite large 【非正式】高收入；大笔的钱 I enjoy the work, and I make good money. 我喜欢这份工作，而且收入不菲。 You have to pay good money for a pedigree dog. 买条纯种狗可得花上一大笔钱。cash /kæʃ/ [uncountable noun]money, especially money that is available for you to spend 钱；〔尤指〕现金 I don't have much cash at the moment. Could I pay you next week? 我手头钱不多，下周付给你行吗? She earns extra cash by working as a waitress. 她去当女招待额外挣些钱。 The Health Authority says that it simply has no extra cash from its £136 million budget. 卫生部门说按1.36亿英镑的预算来看，他们根本就没有多余的现钱了。dosh /dɒʃǁdɑːʃ/ [uncountable noun]British informalmoney 【英，非正式】钱 He gave us loads of dosh, just for handing out leaflets. 他给我们许多钱，做的事情就是给他发发传单。 He says if we don't come up with the dosh by Sunday, he's selling the car to someone else. 他说要是到星期天我们还不拿钱去，他就把汽车卖给别人了。dough /dəʊ/ [uncountable noun]informalmoney, especially a lot of money 【非正式】钱〔尤指许多钱〕 He only married her for her dough. 他只是为了她的钱才娶她的。 I'd go on vacation three times a year too, if I had his dough! 我一年也会去度三次假，如果我有他那么多钱的话！2 money in the form of coins or notes 形式为硬币或纸币的钱money /ˈmʌni/ [uncountable noun] Whose money is this on the table? 桌上这些钱是谁的? I've left some money in the pot for your bus fare. 我在罐子里留了些钱给你付车费。 The thieves repeatedly demanded money and jewellery. 窃贼一再索要钱和珠宝。the right moneyBritishthe exact amount of money something costs 【英】正好够数的钱 This machine does not give change. Please have the right money ready. 此机器不找钱，请准备好零钱。cash /kæʃ/ [uncountable noun]money - use this to emphasize that you mean coins and notes, and not cheques, bank cards etc 现金 Thieves stole a large amount of cash, and jewellery worth £50,000. 小偷偷了大笔现金，还有价值50,000英镑的珠宝。in cash Do you have a couple of dollars in cash? 你有几块钱现金吗? I'll write you a cheque, and you can pay me back in cash later. 我给你开一张支票，你以后可以用现金归还。pay cashto pay someone using notes and coins, rather than a cheque, credit card etc 付现金 Are you paying cash for these items? 这些东西你是付现金吗？ I heard she paid cash for her house back in the sixties. 我听说60年代时她买房子是付现金的。change /tʃeɪndʒ/ [uncountable noun]money in the form of coins, or the money you get back when you pay for something with more money than it cost 硬币；找回的零钱 I hope you've got some change for the bus, because I haven't. 我希望你有零钱乘公共汽车，因为我没带零钱。 Check your change make sure you have been given the right amount before leaving the shop. 离开商店之前要点清零找。loose change I've got £20 and a bit of loose change as well. 我有20英镑，还有几个零钱。small changecoins of low value 零钱 You'll need some small change for the telephone. 要打电话你就需要些零钱。the wrong changewhen the amount of money you are given in change is incorrect 找回的钱不对 Excuse me, I think you've given me the wrong change. 对不起，我觉得你找给我的零钱数额不对。change for somethinglower value coins or notes in exchange for a coin or note of a higher value 把某硬币或纸币换成零钱 Does anyone have change for a five dollar bill? 有没有人能把一张五美元换成硬币?$4/£2 etc in changein the form of coins 4美元/2英镑等的零钱 I've got a £10 note and about £5 in change. 我有一张10英镑的纸币，还有大约5英镑的零钱。exact changethe exact amount of money something costs 正好够数的钱 This toll booth is for drivers with exact change only. 司机使用这个收费亭需要备好够数的零钱。3 the money that is used in a country 一个国家内所用的钱currency /ˈkʌrənsiǁˈkɜːr-/ [countable/uncountable noun]the particular type of money that is used in a country 货币 Investors continued to swap yen for the currencies of nations that offer higher interest rates. 投资者继续用日元兑换提供更高利率的国家的货币。 The dollar is now the overwhelming world currency. 美元现在是优势明显的世界货币。French/Italian/US etc currency We soon got used to using Italian currency. 我们很快就习惯了使用意大利货币。foreign currency Local banks give better rates for converting your traveler's checks into foreign currency. 当地银行把你的旅行支票兑换成外币时提供更优厚的兑换率。local currency What's the local currency in Malta? 马耳他的当地货币是什么?hard currencya currency that keeps its value in relation to other currencies, and is used for international payments 硬货币〔通货〕，强势货币 A lot of the food grown in Mexico is exported to earn hard currency. 墨西哥种植的许多食品都用来出口以换取硬通货。single currencythe common currency used in many European Union countries 单一货币 You can argue about the single currency but you can't opt out of the European Single Market. 你可以对单一货币进行争辩，但你无法退出欧洲单一市场。money /ˈmʌni/ [uncountable noun]French/Japanese etc money He put the Italian money in a separate billfold. 他把意大利货币放进另一个票夹。 You can get a good exchange rate for German money at the moment. 目前德国货币的兑换率很合算。4 an amount of money 一笔钱amount /əˈmaʊnt/ [countable/uncountable noun]the money that something costs, is paid etc 〔某物所值或已付的钱款数额，金额 Work out the amount you spend each month on food and clothes. 算出你每月花在吃和穿方面的金额。 He expects to spend a similar amount on getting his daughter through college. 他估计要花上差不多数额的一笔钱让女儿读完大学。 He was fined $300,000, an amount that would ruin the average householder. 他被罚款300,000美元，这个数额可以使一个普通的房主破产。amount of money We spent an astonishing amount of money in town today. 今天我们在城里花掉了一笔巨款。 The judge reduced the amount of money awarded to the victim. 法官减少了补偿给受害人的款额。small/large/considerable amount She has a pension, and receives a small amount from her ex-husband. 她有一笔退休金，还有一小笔前夫给的钱。the full amountall the money that someone owes, must pay etc 总金额 You must pay the full amount in advance. 你必须预付总金额。undisclosed amountwhen someone does not say what the amount was 未公开的款额 Heinz Co. acquired the ailing food company for an undisclosed amount. 亨氏公司以一笔未公开的款额并购了那家财务状况不佳的食品公司。sum /sʌm/ [countable noun]an amount of money - use this to say how large or small an amount is 款项；金额〔用于指数额大小〕 They are asking $40 for the new software, almost twice the sum it costs when bought via the Internet. 这种新软件他们开价40美元，几乎是网上购买价的两倍。sum of money My uncle left me a small sum of money when he died. 我叔叔去世时留给我一小笔钱。sum of $100,000/£400 etc He offered to purchase the estate for the sum of $80,000. 他出价80,000美元买那块产业。large/small/considerable/enormous etc sum Stars like Chaplin earned $2000 a week, which was an enormous sum in those days. 卓别林这样的影星每周挣2,000美元，那时候这是一笔巨款。 Apple has spent huge sums in its drive to penetrate new markets. 苹果公司花费巨款以期打进新市场。 She puts away small sums of money when she can afford to. 钱够用时她就会存一点。 The store chain has been forced to pay hefty sums a very large amount to female employees after it was sued for discrimination. 这家连锁店因性别歧视被起诉后，被迫拿出一笔巨款支付给女员工。lump suman amount of money given in a single payment 一次付款总额 You can receive your bonus in monthly instalments, or as a lump sum. 你可以按月拿奖金，或是一次拿一笔。 a lump-sum payment 一笔一次支付的款额undisclosed sumwhen someone does not say what the amount was 未公开的款额 The case was settled for an undisclosed sum last year. 此案去年达成和解，赔偿额未予公开。princely sumused to emphasize how small an amount is, when you think it should be bigger 区区之数〔用于表示数额应该更大〕 She and the other workers received the princely sum of $14 for the evening's work. 她和其他工人得到区区14美元作为那天晚上工作的报酬。figure /ˈfɪgəʳǁˈfɪgjər/ [countable noun]a particular amount of money that is stated or written down 〔钱的〕数目 ‘We need $30,000 to get the project started.’ ‘How close are you to that figure?’ “我们需要30,000美元启动这一项目。”“你们的钱离这个数目还差多少？” A comparison of the two figures shows the estimated profit on investment. 把这两个数字比较一下就会知道投资的利润大约是多少。row/column of figuresa list of figures written one below the other 一行/一列数字 Add up that row of figures, and transfer the full amount to the top of the next page. 把那行数字加起来，再把总数移入下一页的顶端。a four-/five-/six-etc figure numbera number in the thousands, ten thousands, hundred thousands etc 四位数/五位数/六位数等 What's the point of a six-figure salary and no time to enjoy it? 有六位数的工资却没有时间享受它，那有什么意思？final figurethe amount of money after everything has been added up 总数，总额 The event raised $400,000 for charity, but that is not the final figure as donations are still coming in. 这次活动筹集到了40万美元的慈善捐款，由于捐款仍在不断寄到，因此这还不是最终的数目。5 a large amount of money 一大笔钱a lot of money /ə ˌlɒt əv ˈmʌniǁ-ˌlɑːt-/ [noun phrase]a large amount of money 许多钱 The painting was sold for £20,000 in 1926, which was a lot of money in those days. 1926年时这幅画卖了20,000英镑，这在当时是一大笔钱了。spend/pay/make a lot of money I don't want to spend a lot of money on holiday. 我不想把许多钱花在度假上。 I'd pay her a lot of money to organize my life for me. 我愿意付她一笔钱帮我把我的生活安排好。 Do you make a lot of money doing this? 你干这个能赚很多的钱？cost a lot of moneyto be expensive 很昂贵 That hi-fi looks as though it cost a lot of money. 那套高保真音响看起来得花很大一笔钱。 It'll cost a lot of money to have the roof fixed. 把屋顶修理好要花许多钱。be worth a lot of money These will be worth a lot of money in 50 years’ time or so. 五十来年后这些东西将值很多钱。have a lot of money They don't have a lot of money, but they live comfortably. 他们没有很多钱，不过日子过得很舒服。be a lot of money for somethingused to emphasize how expensive something is 以…买某物很昂贵 Two hundred and fifty dollars is a lot of money just for a new carpet. 一块新地毯卖250美元很是昂贵。a whole lot of moneyAmerican spokenused to emphasize how large an amount is 【美口】一大笔钱 They wanted to charge me a whole lot of money just to change my car insurance. 改换一种汽车保险他们就要收我一大笔钱。a fortune /ə ˈfɔːʳtʃən/ [singular noun]informala lot of money 【非正式】许多钱 I thought you were going to tell me you'd won a fortune! 我以为你要告诉我，你赢了一大笔钱呢！cost (somebody) a fortune The lighting effects alone must have cost a fortune. 单单是灯光效果肯定就花了一大笔钱。 It costs an absolute fortune to park in town these days, you know. 要知道如今在城里停停车就贵得要命。 You're costing me a fortune in coffee! 你们这儿喝咖啡这么贵！make/spend/pay a fortune I paid a fortune for this car, and I've had nothing but trouble with it. 买这辆车我付了一笔巨款，可它只会给我找麻烦。 Walter made a fortune with his first book. 沃尔特的第一本书赚了一大笔。be worth a fortune That house must be worth a fortune! 那幢房子肯定价格不菲。a small fortuneused to emphasize that the amount of money was surprising or unexpected 一大笔钱 She earned a small fortune selling antique furniture, and retired when she was 45. 她卖古董家具发了财，45岁时就退休了。a bomb /ə ˈbɒmǁ-ˈbɑːm/ [singular noun]British informala very large amount of money 【英，非正式】一笔巨款，很大一笔钱cost (somebody) a bomb It was lovely and I wanted it -- the only problem was, it cost a bomb. 那东西很可爱，我也想要，但唯一的问题是它贵得要命。make/earn etc a bomb He's been earning a bomb repairing computers at home for people. 他靠在家里帮人修理电脑赚大钱。 You won't make a bomb, but it's worth doing. 赚大钱是不可能的，但这事值得一做。be worth a bomb The house is worth a bomb at today's prices. 按今天的价格算起来，这房子值一大笔钱。big money /ˌbɪg ˈmʌni/ [uncountable noun]informala large amount of money, especially money that is earned or paid in business 【非正式】一大笔钱〔尤指在生意上挣的或付的钱〕 He's hoping there's big money in this new business. 他希望在这新的行业里能挣大钱。 I'm making big money these days. 这段日子我在挣大钱。 The investors are talking big money. At least $100,000. 投资者在谈大钱，少说也有100,000美元。6 all the money that a person, company etc has 个人、公司等所拥有的全部的钱money /ˈmʌni/ [uncountable noun] My grandmother left me all her money when she died. 祖母去世时把所有的钱都留给我了。 The committee is meeting to discuss how the money should be spent this year. 委员会在开会讨论今年这笔钱该怎么花。make your moneyearn all your money doing a particular type of business 〔靠干某行业〕挣钱 He had made his money as a butcher in Kingstown. 他的钱都是在金斯敦当肉贩时挣的。means /miːnz/ [plural noun]formalall the money that you have - especially when you are talking about whether you are able to pay for everything you need 【正式】财富；财力；收入〔尤谈及能否支付一切所需时〕have the means to do something He had the means to pay, but he refused on principle. 他有钱支付，但为了坚持原则他拒绝了。！beyond your meanscosting more than you can afford 超出经济能力 I think private schooling would be well beyond our means. 我想私立教育大大高出了我们的经济能力。 She's been living beyond her means spending more than she can really afford to, and now the debts have caught her up. 她一直入不敷出，现在债务缠身。within your meansnot costing more than you can afford 在经济能力许可下 She was required to pay a $500 fee, which appeared to be within her means. 要求她付500美元费用，这似乎在她的财力所及的范围内。 Money isn't a problem. We simply live within our means do not spend more than we can afford to. 钱不是问题，我们只是量入为出。private/independent meansmoney that someone has from property, investments etc rather than earning it by working 来自房产、投资等的收益 He's given up his lecturing job, but he does have private means. 他放弃了教书工作，但他确实有些私款。 Many tropical countries welcome people of independent means as long-term residents. 许多热带地区的国家很欢迎有独立收入的人去长期居住。limited/modest meansused to say that someone only has a small amount of money 有限的/不高的收入 The best choice for elderly people with limited means is index-linked certificates. 收入不高的老年人最好是买指数挂钩债券。 A university professor who used his modest means to collect over 300 valuable artworks has donated them to the National Gallery. 一名大学教授以他不高的收入收集了三百多件有价值的艺术品，并已经把它们捐赠给了国家美术馆。means testan official check to find out whether someone is poor enough to need money from the state 收入情况调查 The Council is introducing means tests for housing tenants. 该委员会正在调查房屋租户的收入情况。assets /ˈæsets/ [plural noun]all of the money and property that a company or person owns, and which they may sell or use if necessary 资产；财产 On her death, she wants all her assets to go to her husband. 她希望去世后她所有财产都转到丈夫名下。assets of $1 billion/£300,000,000 etc With assets of just under $1 million, the business is still relatively small. 这家公司的资产只有不到一百万美元，规模还是比较小。$1billion/£300,000,000 etc in assets Massachusetts Financial Services manages $43 billion in assets. 马萨诸塞金融服务公司管理430亿美元的资产。financial assets Tomorrow, the court will hear evidence relating to Simpson's financial assets. 明天法庭将听取有关辛普森的资产的证据材料。personal assetsowned by an individual, rather than a company 个人资产 The directors’ personal assets will not be at risk if the company does fold. 如果这家公司真的倒闭，董事们的个人资产也不会有风险。finances /ˈfaɪnænsɪz, ˈfaɪnænsəz, fˈnænszǁfˈnænsz, ˈfaɪnænsz/ [plural noun]all the money that a person, company, organization etc has, especially when this is regularly checked so they know about any changes in it 〔个人、公司、组织等的〕所有的钱；资金；财务情况 An accountant handles the school's finances. 一位会计负责管理学校的资金。 She wondered if they'd ever get all their bills paid and their finances in order. 她不知道他们能否支付所有账单，把财务状况理顺。family/personal finances An investigation into his personal finances produced no evidence of fraud 对他进行了个人资金状况调查后，没有发现欺诈行为的证据。 To help the family finances, she went back to work at a retail store after William was born. 威廉出生后，她为了减轻家庭的经济负担，就回到零售店去工作了。public/government finances Indeed, Lebanon's public finances and yawning trade deficit, do look depressing. 黎巴嫩的国有经济状况及巨大贸易赤字确实令人沮丧。 Government finances are strained to the hilt, dealing with essential services. 政府的财政状况在满足基础服务方面非常拮据。drain somebody's finances/be a drain on somebody's financesto reduce someone's finances over a period of time, usually by an amount they cannot afford to lose 消耗某人的财力 Legal expenses had drained his finances, and he could no longer afford to pursue the case. 打官司的开销使他失去了大量钱财，他已经无力继续这场官司了。 Many of the housing agencies represent a severe drain on the state's finances. 许多住房机构严重地消耗了国家的资金。savings /ˈseɪvɪŋz/ [plural noun]the money which you have saved, which is usually kept in a bank or some other financial institution 积蓄；存款 Your savings are safe with the Bank of America. 你的钱存在美国银行里很安全。 I should just take the money out of my savings and pay off my credit card. 我只得从存款中取钱去支付信用卡的账单。 Since we retired we've been living on our savings and a small pension. 退休后，我们一直依靠存款和一点点退休金过日子。life savingsall of the money you have saved 毕生的积蓄 He had invested his life savings in the new business. 他把毕生的积蓄都投资到这家新的企业中去。retirement savingsthe money you have saved so that you have something to live on when you retire 退休储蓄 Break yourself of the habit of borrowing from your retirement savings. 你要改掉从退休储蓄金里借钱用的习惯。lose your savings Investors lost their savings, and some businessmen went bankrupt. 投资者失去了积蓄，一些商人则破了产。sink your savings into somethingto spend all the money you have saved on a particular investment, plan etc 把全部积蓄投入某物 He and his wife July sank their life savings into an unsuccessful attempt to build a marina on a reservoir in Colorado. 他和妻子朱莉把毕生的储蓄投资于在科罗拉多河的一座水库上造个小码头的计划，结果投资失败了。resources /rɪˈzɔːsɪz, -ˈsɔːs-ǁˈriːsɔːrsz/ [plural noun]all the money, property, or goods that a company, organization, or country owns and that can be used to make more money or to provide services 资财；财力；资源 We have to make the best use of the resources we've got. 我们必须最充分地利用现有的资财。financial/economic resources The government must make more human and financial resources available for AIDS research. 政府必须在艾滋病研究方面投入更多的人力和财力。limited/scarce resourcesused to say that the amount of money available is small 财力有限/财力短缺 With limited resources, the club cannot continue to function without donations from members. 由于财力有限，这家俱乐部如果没有会员的捐助就无法继续办下去了。allocate resources (to something)decide how much money will be spent on particular things 〔对某事物〕拨款，调配资金 The process for allocating resources to military intelligence is severely flawed. 对军事情报部门拨款的过程存在着严重缺陷。devote resources (to something)to spend money on a particular thing 〔对某事物〕投入资金 Few firms devote significant resources to research and development. 很少有公司在研究与发展上肯花大钱。pool your resourcesshare your money with other people, so that you can all use it 一起出钱，合出资金 She and I pooled our resources -- not much -- and hired a car for the weekend. 她和我一起出钱一出得不多—租了辆汽车去度周末。7 money that you receive regularly 定期收到的钱income /ˈɪŋkʌm, ˈɪn-/ [countable/uncountable noun]all the money that someone receives regularly, for example from their job, from their savings or from the government 收入 I'd love to know what his income is. He has so many new clothes and such an expensive car. 我想知道他的收入是多少。他有这么多新衣服，还有这么昂贵的一部汽车。 We knew we'd need another source of income if we were planning to have a big family. 我俩都知道要生几个孩子的话就得另有一份收入来源。 Couples with joint incomes over $50,000 are the fastest growing segment of the housing market. 收入加起来在50,000美元以上的夫妻是房产市场增长最快的部分。income of $200/£400 etc The whole family survives on the mother's monthly income of less than £500. 一家老小都靠母亲每月不到500英镑的收入维持生活。low income If you are on a low income, you may be entitled to free dental treatment. 如果收入低，你就可以享受免费的牙科治疗。regular income She receives a regular income from the investments she made twenty years ago. 她靠20年前的投资现在有一笔定期收入。monthly/annual/weekly/yearly income The average annual income in Hong Kong is now much higher than it was in 1994. 香港现在的平均年收入比起1994年时要高得多。pensionalsoretirement planAmerican /ˈpenʃən, riˈtaɪəʳmənt plæn/ [countable noun]an amount of money that old people receive regularly from the government, their former employer, or from an insurance company, because they have paid in money to the government etc over many years 退休金，养老金 I don't know how you manage on your pension, Lil, I really don't. 我不懂你靠养老金是怎么生活的，利尔，我真的搞不懂。 He gets a pretty good pension from his old firm. 他从以前的公司拿到可观的退休金。 The company has a very generous retirement plan. 这家公司有很优厚的养老金计划。state pensiona pension from the government 政府的养老金 If a man retires at 58, he's actually got seven years to go before he draws his state pension. 如果一个人58岁退休，那就还得等七年才能拿到政府发的养老金。old-age pensionBritisha pension that people receive from the government when they reach a particular age 【英】〔政府发的〕养老金 The government is considering linking the old-age pension to earnings. 政府在考虑把养老金和收入挂钩。disability/invalidity pensionBritisha pension given to someone who cannot work because they are ill or injured 残疾抚恤金 He retired from the force with a disability pension. 他从警察局退役，领上了残疾抚恤金。 Martin still hasn't got his invalidity pension sorted out. 马丁的残疾抚恤金还未办好。pension planalso pension schemeBritishan arrangement to pay people a pension 退休金计划 Is there a pension scheme where you work? 你工作的地方有退休金计划吗？draw a pensionreceive a pension, especially one from the government 〔尤从政府〕领取养老金 How long have you been drawing a pension? 你领取养老金有多久了?live on a pensionwhen your pension is the only money you receive 仅靠养老金生活 Living on a pension isn't easy you know. You really have to scrimp and save. 仅靠养老金日子可不好过。你真的要省着点，存点钱。Social Security /ˌsəʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊərti/ [uncountable noun]in the UK, money that the government gives to people who are ill, old, or unemployed. In the US, money from a government programme that workers pay into, which provides them with money when they are old or unable to work, or the programme itself 〔英国的〕社会救济金；〔美国的〕社会保险金 Once I've paid for my rent and food, most of my Social Security is used up. 支付了房租和吃用花销后，我的社会救济金就用去一大半了。 an increase in spending on Social Security and Medicare 社会保险金和医疗保健制度费用的增加Social Security benefits/payments The government faces strong opposition to its proposals to cut Social Security payments. 政府提出的削减社会保险金的建议遭到了强烈反对。be/live on Social Security How'd you find it, living on Social Security? 单靠社会保险金生活，你感觉如何?Social Security number Can you write your Social Security number in the box please? 请在方框内填入你的社会保险金号码，好吗？benefitusuallybenefitsAmerican /ˈbenɪfɪt(s), ˈbenəfɪt(s)/ [countable/uncountable noun]money that people receive from the government if they have no job, do not earn a lot, or are sick 〔政府发给失业者、低收入者或生病者的〕救济金，补贴 There are several benefits you can claim if you are unemployed. 如果失业可以申请几种补贴。 You should find out about any benefits you're entitled to. 你该去了解一下你可以领取哪些补贴。housing benefitregular payments towards your rent 住房补贴 Surely she'll be eligible for housing benefit? 她当然有资格享受住房补贴吧？unemployment benefitregular payments to people who do not have a job 失业救济金 If you were fired from your previous job, you may not be able to claim unemployment benefit. 如果在前一个工作中被开除的话，也许不能领失业救济金。child benefitBritishregular payments made to mothers of children under 16 【英】儿童津贴 Child benefit has been frozen for the last three or four years. 过去三四年来儿童津贴已被冻结。be/live on benefitBritish Two-thirds of lone parents are on benefit. 有三分之二的单身父母领取补贴。welfare /ˈwelfeəʳ/ [uncountable noun]Americanthe money that is paid by the government to people without jobs 【美】失业救济金 The amount of money that the government spends on welfare has halved in the past decade. 政府在失业救济上花的钱在过去十年中减少了一半。 Getting people off welfare and into paying jobs is a major national priority. 帮助人们摆脱领失业救济金的状况去做工作领工资是国家一项首要任务。welfare benefits/payments Annabelle stopped getting welfare benefits when her husband landed a minimum-wage job. 安娜贝勒的丈夫找到一份最低工资的工作后，她就领不到失业救济金了。be/live on welfareto be receiving money from the government 领失业救济金 Raising the minimum wage might make it more difficult for people on welfare to get a job. 提高最低工资可能使领失业救济金的人找工作更加困难。allowance /əˈlaʊəns/ [countable noun]money that someone receives regularly for a special reason, and that they do not earn by working 津贴，补贴 Some students have an allowance from their parents. 有些学生从父母那里得到补贴。clothing allowancemoney for buying clothes 服装津贴 Does your mom give you a clothing allowance? 你妈给你服装津贴吗？monthly/weekly/yearly allowance In exchange for looking after the children, Annie has all her meals paid for and receives a small monthly allowance. 安妮照看孩子的报酬是三餐免费和每月一小笔津贴。 I think my yearly allowance is about three hundred, you know, so I'm rapidly running out. 我想我每年的津贴大约是300元，所以很快就用完了。pocket moneyBritish/allowanceAmerican /ˈpɒkɪt ˌmʌni, ˈpɒkət ˌmʌniǁˈpɑː-, əˈlaʊəns/ [uncountable noun]a small amount of money that children receive from their parents every week 〔孩子每周从父母那里领的〕零用钱 What do you spend your allowance on, Jimmy? 吉米，你的零用钱是怎么花的? You'll pay for that vase out of your pocket money. 你要用你的零用钱来赔偿那只花瓶。8 money given to a student to pay for his or her education 给学生支付学费的钱grant /grɑːntǁgrænt/ [countable noun]money that the government gives to someone to help them pay for their education 助学金 Will I get a grant, even though both my parents are earning? 我父母都有收入，我还能得到助学金吗？student grant Without a student grant, I'd never even have gone into higher education. 没有学生助学金的话，我不可能受到高等教育。scholarship /ˈskɒləʳʃɪpǁˈskɑː-/ [countable noun]money that a student received from their school, college etc to pay for their education, especially because they have passed a special examination 奖学金 The Foundation's goals include providing scholarships for gifted young students. 该基金会的目标包括为有才华的年轻学子提供奖学金。 Admitted to Mills College on a full scholarship, she graduated Phi Beta Kappa without a penny of help from her parents. 她以全额奖学金被米尔斯学院录取后，又以优等生的荣誉毕了业，没有靠父母一分钱的帮助。college scholarship The company has a small number of college scholarships to offer to employees’ children. 这家公司为员工的子女提供了几个名额的大学奖学金。athletic/drama/music etc scholarshipa scholarship given to someone who is very good at sport, acting, music etc 体育/戏剧/音乐等奖学金 I attended the University of Houston on an athletic scholarship. 我得到一份体育奖学金上了休斯顿大学。 At 9, he became a boy soprano, beginning a six-year music scholarship in a cathedral choir. 他9岁时成了一名男童高音歌手，开始在一个教堂合唱团领取为期六年的音乐奖学金。win/be awarded a scholarship When she was 18, she won a scholarship to study at the Conservatoire in Paris. 她18岁时获得了一笔奖学金，去巴黎音乐学院学习。 We're very proud of the five students from this school who were awarded scholarships. 我们为本校的五名学生荣获奖学金深感自豪。9 money for starting a new business or other activity 用来开创新公司或开始其他活动的钱financeBritish/financingAmerican /ˈfaɪnænsǁfɪˈnæns, ˈfaɪnænsǁfəˈnæns, ˈfaɪnænsɪŋ,ǁfˈnænsɪŋ/ [uncountable noun]Britishmoney that you borrow or receive in order to pay for something important and expensive, for example for starting a business 【英】资金，财源 We can't continue our research unless we get more finance. 除非得到更多资金，否则我们就无法继续研究工作。 The business plan is strong, but without financing, it will never work. 生意计划得很好，但没有资金的话一切都行不通。finance for Scottish Homes is the nation's biggest source of finance for house building. “苏格兰之家”是全国房屋建筑业最大的资金来源。obtain/raise finance The next step was to obtain finance to develop the project. 下一步是要筹措到资金开发该项目。 You'll have to explain to them how you intend to raise the financing you need. 你得向他们解释你打算怎么筹集所需资金。provide finance The European Investment Bank will provide finance for a variety of regional initiatives. 欧洲投资银行将为许多地区性开发项目提供资金。capital /ˈkæpɪtl, ˈkæpətl/ [uncountable noun]a large amount of money that you can use to start a business or to pay for something that will later produce more money 资本，资金，本钱 There is a shortage of capital for building new aircraft. 制造新飞机缺少资金。 Our return on capital has more than doubled since 1980. 1980年以来我们的资金回报已翻了一倍以上。investment capital The plan is expected to create vast amounts of investment capital. 该计划预计会创造巨额投资资本。raise capital Since the stockmarket crash, companies have been trying to raise capital by selling new stock. 自证券市场崩溃后，各家公司都试图通过出售新股票来筹集资金。funding /ˈfʌndɪŋ/ [uncountable noun]money that a government provides to pay for education, theatre, music etc, not for business activities 〔政府为非商业活动提供的〕基金；经费；拨款 The President has yet to approve the additional funding needed to implement the program. 实施该计划所需的额外拨款尚待总统审批。 If the funding were increased by just 12%, we could be close to a cure for the disease in five years. 只要经费提高12%，我们就可能在五年内接近找到治疗这种疾病的方法。funding of A special body advises the government on the funding of research. 一个专门小组就政府如何资助研究工作出谋献策。funding for Cuts in funding for the arts has lead to the closure of several theatres. 削减艺术经费已经导致数家剧院关闭。government/federal/state/public fundingfunding provided by the government 政府/联邦/州/公共资金 Congress banned federal funding of embryo research in 1995. 1995年国会禁止联邦政府拨款进行胚胎研究。 The church is seeking an extra $300,000 in government funding. 教会在争取得到30万美元额外的政府拨款。lack of fundingnot enough funding 缺乏经费 School facilities have deteriorated over the past six years because of a lack of funding. 由于缺少经费，学校的设施在过去六年里已变得破旧。provide funding The Center will also provide funding to improve data collection and research. 该中心还将为提高资料的收集和研究水准提供资金。investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ [countable/uncountable noun]the money that people or organizations give to a company, business, or bank, because they expect that they will get back more money than they gave 投资 In ten years’ time, your investment should be worth four times what it is now. 过十年，你的投资将增值至目前的四倍。 Once we have seen an improvement in the company's performance, we will think about further investment. 一旦我们发现公司的经营状况有所改善，就会考虑增加投资。 exciting investment opportunities 令人振奋的投资机会investment in We have the largest investment in microelectronics technology of any company in the world. 我们对微电子技术的投资是世界上所有公司中最多的。make an investment The Postal Service has made an extremely large investment in automated technology. 邮政部在自动化技术上作了巨额投资。foreign investmentinvestment in a country that is not your own country 海外投资 Foreign investment peaked in November, when overseas investors took advantage of low prices. 11月份时海外投资者抓住低价格的良机，使海外投资达到了高峰。sound investmentan investment that is not likely to lose money 稳健的投资 Buying shares in blue-chip companies is always a sound investment. 购买蓝筹股票总是稳健的投资。sponsorship /ˈspɒnsəʳʃɪpǁˈspɑːn-/ [uncountable noun]money that is provided by a company or by the government to pay for someone to do something or pay for something such as a sports event, art show etc 〔公司或政府提供的〕赞助，资助 We are looking for sponsorship from local businesses. 我们在向当地企业寻求赞助。 Companies can help projects by providing financial sponsorship, office space, or printing facilities. 企业能够以提供资助、办公场地或印刷设备的方式协助计划的实施。sponsorship of a ban on tobacco company sponsorship of sports events 禁止烟草公司对体育赛事的赞助government/state sponsorship The exhibition received £50,000 in government sponsorship. 展览会收到政府提供的50,000英镑的资助。corporate sponsorshipsponsorship from a private company 私营公司赞助 Corporate sponsorship ensures that far more money finds its way into sport than would otherwise be the case. 私营公司的赞助确保了体育赛事能够得到更多的资金，不然的话资金是不会那么多的。grant /grɑːntǁgrænt/ [countable noun]an amount of money that a government or other organization gives to someone to help pay for something good or useful, such as their education 补助金；助学金；拨款 These grants will help communities address the problems faced by young people. 这些补助金将帮助社区解决青少年面临的各种问题。grant from You can get a grant from the council to pay for the repairs. 你可以从委员会那里得到补助来支付修理费用。a grant of $400/£30 etc She received a grant of £20,000 from the Arts Council to set up the Centre. 她从艺术委员会那里得到了20,000英镑的拨款来建立该中心。government/state/federal grant Researchers at the University of San Francisco will receive a $6.7 million federal grant for research on ovarian cancer. 圣弗朗西斯科大学的研究人员将得到670万美元的联邦拨款用于卵巢癌的研究。block grantmoney that the central government gives to local government to help pay for roads, police, schools etc 〔中央政府给地方政府提供的〕固定拨款 Our role is to decide how the block grant should be allocated. 我们的职责是决定如何分配固定拨款。development grantmoney that a government gives to a country or a city to help pay for economic development in a particular area 发展拨款 The building was converted into flats with the aid of an urban development grant. 靠着一笔城市发展拨款的帮助，这幢大楼被改建成了公寓房。 Most regions in Spain and Portugal qualify for sizeable development grants from the EU. 西班牙和葡萄牙的大部分地区都有资格从欧盟得到大笔的发展补助金。research granta grant given to someone to do research in a particular subject 研究拨款 Research grants are plentiful in science and engineering subjects, but much harder to get in the humanities. 科学与工程学科得到的研究拨款非常充足，但人文学科要拿到拨款却困难得多。award/give somebody a grant He was awarded a $25,000 grant by the Rockefeller Foundation, which enabled him to finish the work. 他得到洛克菲勒基金会25,000美元的拨款，使他得以完成这项工作。apply for a grant To apply for a loan or grant, call 1-800-323-4140. 要申请贷款或拨款，可致电1-800-323-4140。 We're applying for a grant of £500 for equipment. 我们在申请500英镑拨款购买设备。grant proposala special form that you fill in when you ask for a grant 拨款申请书 Jen was up all night writing her grant proposal. 珍一晚上都在忙着写那份补助金申请表。subsidy /ˈsʌbsɪdi, ˈsʌbsədi/ [countable noun]money that the government provides to help a business or industry which might not be able to operate without this additional money 〔政府给企业或工业提供的〕补贴 The taskforce has recommended some kind of subsidy to help businesses get their Internet start-ups off the ground. 工作组建议提供某种形式的补贴帮助企业的互联网新项目起步。 Lacking the generous subsidies that European orchestras receive, modern American groups are under increasing pressure to play popular pieces. 由于缺乏像欧洲的管弦乐团所得到的慷慨资助，现代的美国管弦乐团体正面临越来越大的压力，不得不演奏流行曲目。state/federal/government/public subsidy Without state subsidies, the railways couldn't survive. 没有政府补贴，铁路营运就无法维持。 Federal subsidies would be available to help employers pay the insurance premiums. 将提供联邦政府补贴来帮助雇主支付保险费。 They built and financed a whole new suburb, and they did it without a public subsidy. 他们自筹资金建成了整个新城郊，没有依靠公共补贴。agricultural/farm subsidy US farmers are having trouble coping with the reductions in agricultural subsidies. 农业补贴减少给美国农场主造成了困难。 Farm subsidies totaled $53 billion last year. 去年农业补贴总数是530亿美元。10 money that you pay to the government 缴纳给政府的钱tax /tæks/ [countable/uncountable noun]money that you have to pay to the government, especially from the money you earn or as an additional payment when you buy something 税，税款，赋税 Although the tax on cigarettes has doubled in the past two years, sales are still going up. 尽管过去两年来对香烟的征税提高了一倍，香烟的销售仍在增加。 proposals for an increase in taxes to pay for medical care 关于提高税收用于医疗保健的建议tax on Consumers are angry that the tax on petrol has gone up yet again. 对于汽油再次加税，消费者非常气愤。cut/reduce tax The Republicans promised to reduce taxes before the last election. 上次大选前共和党许诺要减税。 The Chancellor said he would cut income tax by 2 pence in the pound. 财政大臣说他要按每英镑减低两便士的比率削减所得税。income taxtax that you pay according to how much money you earn 所得税 He failed to report and pay income tax on a portion of his income. 他没有为收入中的一部分上报并缴纳所得税。sales taxtax you pay on things that you buy 销售税 Sales tax in the state is 8%. 该州的销售税是8%。after taxafter you have paid income tax 税后 I made over $600 a week, which was around $450 after tax. 我每周收入是600多美元，税后约为450美元。tax avoidance/evasionwhen someone tries to avoid paying tax, especially income tax 逃税 He pleaded guilty to charges of fraud and tax evasion. 他对欺诈和逃税的指控表示认罪。duty /ˈdjuːtiǁˈduː-/ [countable/uncountable noun]a tax you pay on something you buy, especially goods you have bought in another country 〔购物缴纳的〕税；〔尤指货物入境要付的〕关税 You have to pay a duty on the value of goods worth over $500 that you bring into the country. 凡带入该国的物品价值在500美元以上的就要付关税。customs duty The customs duty on luxury cars went up last month. 上月豪华汽车的关税提高了。tariff /ˈtærɪf, ˈtærəf/ [countable/uncountable noun]a tax on goods coming into a country or going out of a country 〔为进口或出口商品征收的〕关税 The aim of the organization is to reduce tariffs and promote free trade. 该组织的目标是降低关税促进自由贸易。taxpayer /ˈtæks-peɪəʳ/ [countable noun]someone who pays tax 纳税人 Are you a higher rate taxpayer, or do you pay the basic rate? 你是高额纳税人还是按基本比率纳税？taxpayers’ moneymoney the government gets from taxes 纳税人的金钱 This defence project is simply a waste of taxpayers’ money. 这一防卫计划纯粹是浪费纳税人的钱。the taxpayerall the people in a country who pay tax 纳税人 Bonus payments to top officials cost the taxpayer millions of pounds each year. 每年支付给高层官员的奖金花去了纳税人数百万英镑。 Unemployment is up, and the poor old taxpayer has to foot the bill, as usual. 失业人数在增加，可怜的老纳税人照例又得结账了。 I think these bureaucrats have a jolly good time at the taxpayer's expense. 我觉得这些官僚花着纳税人的钱过得真逍遥。11 money paid to someone to make them do something dishonest 为使某人做不诚实的事而给的钱bribe /braɪb/ [countable noun]money that someone gives to a person in an official position, in order to persuade them to do something that they should not do 贿赂 The two brothers regularly used bribes and threats to further their business. 这两兄弟经常使用贿赂和威胁手段来扩展业务。$400/£30,000/millions etc in bribes A customs official pocketed up to $500,000 in bribes for permitting cocaine to pass through the port. 一个海关官员接受了高达50万美金的贿赂，同意让可卡因通过港口。offer (somebody) a bribe In all his years of public service, he has only been offered a bribe once. 他担任公职这么多年，只有过一次别人向他提供贿赂。 Foreign firms willing to offer bribes typically win 80% of international deals. 肯提供贿赂的外国公司一般能赢得国际贸易中80%的生意。pay a bribe (to somebody)give someone a bribe 贿赂〔某人〕 Some companies in Belgium and France had paid bribes for the award of contracts. 比利时和法国的一些公司为争取合同提供贿赂。 They paid millions in bribes to tax officials in order to avoid investigation. 他们为了逃过调查向税务官提供了几百万元的贿赂。take/accept a bribe The judge admitted that he had accepted bribes. 法官承认他受了贿。 During his term in office, he took bribes ranging from 22 million to 220 million yen. 他任职期间收受了2，200万到2亿2千万日元的贿赂。cash bribein the form of notes, rather than a cheque 现金贿赂 He offered me a cash bribe to help him secure the contract. 他提出给我现金贿赂帮他拿到这份合同。bribery [uncountable noun]when people give and accept bribes 贿赂；行贿；受贿 The inquiry showed that bribery was widespread. 调查显示贿赂之风极为普遍。bribery and corruption He was arrested on charges of bribery and corruption. 他因贪污腐化遭逮捕。bribe [transitive verb]to offer someone a bribe 行贿 He alleged that the manager had tried to bribe him during a business lunch in 1993. 他声称经理在1993年的一次商务午餐时试图对他行贿。 The defence are arguing that he was bribed to withdraw his testimony. 被告申辩说他是受到了贿赂要他收回证词的。kickback /ˈkɪkbæk/ [countable noun]a large amount of money that someone pays to a person in an important position in a company or government, in exchange for dishonestly arranging a business deal 〔付给公司或政府中身居要职者的非法〕巨额回扣；贿赂$300/£400,000/millions etc in kickbacks Top executives received millions of dollars in kickbacks. 最高层的经理们收到数百万美元的回扣。accept/take a kickback He is on trial for allegedly accepting kickbacks from business. 他因遭指控收取企业的巨额回扣而受审。 He and his partner were charged with taking $300,000 in kickbacks in exchange for their political influence. 他与合伙人因收受30万美元贿赂以换取其政治影响而受起诉。pay/offer a kickback The company paid kickbacks to local officials to win contracts worth millions of dollars. 这家公司付给当地官员大笔回扣以赢得价值数百万美元的合同。 A cardiologist was offered kickbacks by a pacemaker manufacturer. 一位心脏病专家受到起搏器厂商的行贿。backhander /ˈbækhændəʳ/ [countable noun]British informala small amount of money paid to someone to persuade them to do something that is dishonest but usually not very serious 【英，非正式】一小笔贿赂；一小笔回扣 There's some suggestion that a backhander was involved. 有些人提出说此事涉及贿赂。 Perhaps the landlord's getting a backhander from the estate agent. 也许房东从房屋经纪人那里得到回扣。£300/£10 etc in backhanders Fifty pounds has already gone in backhanders to the guys in the security office. 已经花了50英镑给保安部门的那些家伙回扣。12 money that you pay to your former husband or wife 付给前任丈夫或妻子的钱maintenanceBritish/child supportAmerican /ˈmeɪntənəns, ˈtʃaɪld səˌpɔːʳt/ [uncountable noun]money that is paid regularly by someone to their former wife or husband in order to support their children 〔定期付给前妻或前夫抚养孩子的〕抚养金，子女生活费 Failure to pay child support is a growing problem. 不付子女抚养费是个日益严重的问题。 I have no job and receive no maintenance from my children's father. 我没有工作，孩子们的父亲也不给我生活费。 The judge set her child support at ten dollars a week. 法官给她判定的子女抚养费为每周十美元。 He gives no money for the care of his son, and Aurora has abandoned plans to pursue child support. 他不给抚养儿子的钱，奥萝拉已经放弃了追讨子女抚养费的打算。maintenance/child support payments The court will now force him to meet maintenance payments. 现在法庭要强制他支付抚养费了。alimony /ˈælɪməni, ˈæləməniǁ-məʊni/ [uncountable noun]an amount of money that a court orders someone to pay regularly to their former husband or wife after their marriage has ended 〔离婚后一方付给另一方的〕生活费；赡养费 Because Jean had given up a career to support her husband's career, the court ordered him to pay alimony. 由于琼为了支持丈夫的事业而放弃了自己的事业，法庭就判定他支付赡养费。 His alimony amounts to around one thousand dollars a month. 他的赡养费加起来每月约为一千美元。13 money that is collected for a purpose 为某一目的而筹集的钱fund /fʌnd/ [countable noun]a large sum of money that is collected and kept, especially so that it can be used by a particular group of people who need it 基金；一大笔钱 There's a special fund you can apply to, that pays for blind students to go to university. 有一项特别基金你可以申请，这项基金资助盲人学生上大学。 If I'm successful in raising over £500, those funds will go to the Bible School. 如果我成功地筹集到500英镑以上,这笔钱将送给圣经学校。£400/$30,000 etc in funds A total of $5,800 in church funds has been used to provide assistance to local people. 总共已有5,800美元的教会基金用于帮助当地居民。set up a fund They used this money to set up a fund for the refugees. 他们用这笔钱为难民们建立一项基金。raise funds The event was held to raise funds to promote AIDS awareness among young gays. 举办这项活动的目的是为了筹集资金帮助年轻的同性恋者提高对艾滋病的认识。 The hand-sewn quilts will be sold at a Christmas Craft Fair to raise funds for the arts project. 这些手工缝制的被子将在圣诞工艺品展览会上出售，为艺术项目筹款。appeal funda special fund that is set up to help someone who is ill, needs special help etc 援助基金 Supporters have set up an appeal fund to help Peter fight the case. 支持者设立了一个援助基金来帮助彼得打这场官司。 Tell us, Gillian, how much do you have in the appeal fund now? 吉莉恩，请告诉我们你现在有多少援助基金？slush fundmoney that has been obtained secretly and illegally, and that is used for illegal purposes 黑钱；准备用于非法活动的钱 He is on trial for accepting kickbacks from business moguls to build his slush fund. 他因从商业巨头那里接受大笔贿赂建立自己的黑金库而受审。kitty/pot /ˈkɪti, pɒtǁpɑːt/ [countable noun]informala small sum of money that is collected from all the people in a group and used to buy their food or drinks, pay their bills etc 【非正式】凑集起来的一小笔钱；公共储金 ‘Are we having takeout tonight?’ ‘Depends how much is in the pot.’ “今晚我们叫外卖吗？”“那得看还有多少储备金。” Do you all just put a bit in the kitty each week for basics? 你们每周都在公共储金内放一点钱作基本开销吗？！ There's nothing in the kitty, so if anyone wants another drink they'll have to get it themselves. 共用的钱一点都不剩了，谁想再喝一杯就得自己去买了。14 relating to money and the way it is used 与钱款及其用法有关的financial /fɪˈnænʃəl, fəˈnænʃəl, faɪ-/ [adjective only before noun]connected with money - use this about the way that people and organizations use and control their money 财政的；金融的 Wall Street is the financial center of the US. 华尔街是美国的金融中心。 There is a possibility of a full-scale financial crisis, like the great crash of 1929. 有可能会发生一场全面的金融危机，就像1929年的那场大萧条。 Many libraries have found that their financial resources are stretched to the limit. 许多图书馆都发现自己的财力极度短绌。 The accounts show that the school's financial position is very healthy. 账目显示这所学校的财政状况非常好。financial support/backing/assistance etc He failed to get financial support from his employers. 他未能得到雇主的经济支持。 The amount of financial aid offered has become more central to students’ decisions about which school to attend. 所提供的经济帮助的多少越来越成为学生决定上哪所学校的关键因素。financial dealings/transactions Revelations about his financial dealings could change his election prospects dramatically. 将他金融交易的情况披露出来会大大影响到他当选的可能。 He developed computer software to handle complicated financial transactions. 他开发的电脑软件专门用来处理复杂的金融交易。financial difficulties/problems Joan has a lot of financial problems at the moment. 琼目前有一大堆经济问题。 Mexico's financial difficulties increased rather than diminished. 墨西哥的财政问题不但没有减轻，反而更趋严重了。financial yearBritishthe 12-month period used by companies to calculate their accounts 【英】财务年度，财政年度 Norton have announced profits of £3.5 million for the financial year 2000-01. 诺顿公司宣布其2000-2001财务年度的利润为350万英镑。financially [adverb] She wanted to go out to work and be financially independent 她想出去工作，在经济上取得独立。 Who would benefit financially from Bobby's death? 博比去世后谁会在经济上受益？ His parents support him financially. 他父母从经济上资助他。finance /ˈfaɪnæns, fˈnænsǁfˈnæns, ˈfaɪnæns/ [uncountable noun]all the activities that are related to how a company or country uses or organizes its money 财政；金融；财务 He was an expert in finance and advised people where to invest their money. 他是位金融专家，为人们的投资决策提供意见。 The use of IT in areas such as accounting and finance has grown at an astonishing rate. 信息技术在会计和金融等行业的使用增长之迅速令人惊讶。 She works as a director of finance for an oil company. 她在一家石油公司里担任财务总监。finance minister/officer etc Kubo is slated to become Japan's next finance minister. 久保被选定为日本下一任经济财政大臣。high financefinancial activities involving countries or big companies -- used especially to show that you do not know very much about those activities 高级金融活动〔尤用于表示对该等活动不甚了解〕 The other guys in the office were ten to fifteen years my senior, and old hands in high finance. 办公室里的其他人都比我大十到十五岁，而且都是高级金融活动的老手。monetary /ˈmʌnɪtəri, ˈmʌnətəriǁˈmɑːnteri/ [adjective only before noun]relating to or involving money, especially the money that is available to the government of a country, and how it decides to spend it 货币的〔尤指一国政府的金融、政策等〕 There's only one conclusion to make about this data on monetary growth. 按这份货币增长的数据来看，结论只有一个。monetary policy/control etc The IMF should not dictate how Mexico should run its monetary policies. 国际货币基金组织不该对墨西哥的货币政策硬作规定。 a plan to introduce monetary reform 一个推行货币改革的计划 Some economists question the effectiveness of monetary control as a means of regulating the economy. 一些经济学家质疑把货币控制作为调节经济的手段的有效性。 European monetary union 欧洲货币联盟fiscal /ˈfɪskəl/ [adjective only before noun]formalconnected with money, taxes, debts, etc that are owned and managed by the government 【正式】〔政府〕财政的 Perez stated that the current fiscal crisis was the result of the collapse of the oil industry. 佩雷斯说当前的财政危机是由石油工业崩溃造成的结果。 It was thought that skillful monetary and fiscal intervention could rescue the economy. 有人认为技术高超的货币和财政干预能够拯救经济。fiscal policy The Council of Finances determined fiscal policy within the region. 金融委员会决定这一地区的财政政策。fiscal deficit Columbia's fiscal deficit could soar to 1.6 percent of GDP. 哥伦比亚的财政赤字有可能猛增至占国内生产总值的1.6%。fiscal yearespecially Americanthe 12-month period used by companies to calculate their accounts 【尤美】财务年度，财政年度 Over the past fiscal year, the school has received $250 million in federal dollars for 1,600 projects. 在过去的财政年度里，该学院的1,600个项目共收到联邦拨款2.5亿美元。fiscally [adverb] countries with fiscally sound well-managed economies 财政状况良好的国家 The President is pro-business and fiscally conservative. 这位总统支持商界，财政上态度保守。economic /ˌekəˈnɒmɪk◂, ˌiː-ǁ-ˈnɑː-/ [adjective only before noun]connected with the way money is earned, spent, and controlled within a country or society 经济的 The tax breaks will stimulate economic activity. 减税将刺激经济活动。 Florida will benefit from a number of economic trends that play to its strengths. 佛罗里达州将从一系列正好能发挥它强项的经济动向中获益。economic climategeneral state of the economy 经济气候〔形势〕 In this kind of economic climate, employees prefer a lower salary in a job that is secure. 在这样的经济形势下，雇员宁愿选择薪水低些但稳定的工作。economic crisis Cuba is emerging from five years of economic crisis. 古巴正在从长达五年的经济危机中复苏。 Investors took their money elsewhere, prompting a far-reaching economic crisis. 投资者把钱投往别处，引起了影响深远的经济危机。economic growth/development etc Slow economic growth and low consumer spending affected sales last year. 缓慢的经济增长和低消费影响了去年的销售。 a wide variety of economic development strategies 各种各样的经济发展策略economic recovery Investors are holding out from Mexican stocks until they see clear signs of an economic recovery. 投资者在看到经济明显好转之前坚持不买入墨西哥股票。economic sanctionsofficial laws that stop trade with another country, for political reasons 经济制裁 The US has maintained tough economic sanctions on Cuba. 美国对古巴实施严厉的经济制裁。economic summitan important meeting for the leaders of countries to discuss the world's economy 经济峰会 World leaders gathered in the Miyako Hotel to map out the agenda for next month's economic summit. 大国首脑在宫古酒店聚会规划下个月的经济峰会事宜。economics /ˌekəˈnɒmɪks, ˌiː-ǁ-ˈnɑː-/ [uncountable noun]the study of how money is earned, spent, and controlled within a country or society 经济学 He studied economics at Harvard University. 他在哈佛大学读过经济学。 He knows very little about economics or international finance. 他对经济学或国际金融所知甚少。 Keynes's theories have had an important influence on modern economics. 凯恩斯的理论对现代经济学有着重要的影响。15 to put money into a business, in order to make money 把钱投资到生意中去以期获利invest /ɪnˈvest/ [intransitive/transitive verb]to let a company, business, or bank use your money for a period of time, especially because you expect that you will get back more money than you gave 投资 I want to invest the money my aunt left me. 我要拿姑妈留给我的钱去投资。 The Singapore government is interested in investing abroad. 新加坡政府对在海外投资感兴趣。invest in Investing in property is no longer as safe as it used to be. 房地产投资已不如以前那样安全了。 Shares in CMG Information, which invests in Internet-related businesses, declined sharply in the spring. CMG这家投资领域为互联网相关企业的信息公司，其股票春季时暴跌。invest £300,000/$400/money etc in something I invested £5000 in my brother's printing business. 我在弟弟的印刷厂投资了5,000英镑。invest heavilygive a lot of money 大量投资 He had invested heavily in risky assets like junk bonds. 他在垃圾股票这类风险资产上作了大量投资。put money into /ˌpʊt ˈmʌni ɪntuː/ [verb phrase]to give money to a company or business in order to help that company develop and be successful, especially because you expect that you will make a profit 把钱投资于 Home-owners who put their money into building society accounts could be losing thousands each year. 把钱投入建房协会账户的房主每年可能损失几千元。 The biggest bonus is that KPBS didn't have to put any capital into the project. 最大的好处是KPBS不必在项目中投入任何资金。 The plan calls for each company to put in $100 million toward the new car plant. 该计划要求每家公司向这家新汽车厂投资1亿美元。investor /ɪnˈvestəʳ/ [countable noun]someone who puts money into a business, company, or bank in order to make a profit in the future 投资者 Having made the initial payment, the investor need make no further effort. 支付第一笔款项后，投资者便不必再多费心思。foreign investor Foreign investors have shown considerable interest in the venture. 外国投资者对该项目表示出相当大的兴趣。 Most of the venture funds have come from foreign investors. 合资企业的大部分资金来自外国投资者。small investorsomeone with a small amount to invest 小额投资者 Our financial consultants can advise the small investor. 我方的财务顾问能够向小额投资者提供咨询。 The British Gas sale attracted 4.5 million applications from small investors. 英国天然气公司的转让吸引了450万个小额投资者的入股申请。backer /ˈbækəʳ/ [countable noun]someone who supports a business plan by giving or lending money 资助者，赞助者 Things became even more difficult when one of his principal backers went bankrupt. 他的一个主要资助人破产后，情况就变得更困难了。financial backer The directors closed the company after the financial backers pulled out of the operation. 经济赞助者退出经营后，董事们就关闭了公司。16 the financial system in a country or area 某个国家或地区的金融体系economy /ɪˈkɒnəmiǁɪˈkɑː-/ [countable noun] The government's management of the economy has been severely criticized. 政府的经济管理政策受到了严厉的批评。 Inflation is a major problem in many South American economies. 通货膨胀是许多南美国家经济的主要问题。black/shadow economybusiness activities that take place illegally, especially in order to avoid paying tax 地下/影子经济〔尤为了避税〕 It is impossible to quantify the exact value of the black economy. 要确切计量出地下经济的规模是不可能的。 shadow economies that escape accurate analysis 逃避精确分析的影子经济活动global economythe economy of the world, seen as whole 全球经济 In a global economy, the only way to maintain a competitive edge is to lead the world in innovation. 在全球经济中，唯一能保持竞争力的途径就是在创新上占世界领先地位。market/free-market economya system in which companies, rather than the government, decide what to produce and sell 市场经济/自由市场经济 Poland is trying to move from a centrally planned socialist economy to a free-market capitalist economy. 波兰正试图从中央计划的社会主义经济体制走向资本主义自由市场经济体制。17 when a person or company has no money 个人或公司没有钱的情况bankrupt /ˈbæŋkrʌpt/ [adjective]a company or person that isbankrupt does not have enough money to pay their debts, and so they have to stop doing business 破产的；倒闭的 Five years ago she was a successful actress, but now she is bankrupt. 五年前她是个成功的演员，现在却破产了。 He lent him several thousand dollars to help rescue his bankrupt textile business. 他借给他几千美元，帮助他挽救他那负债累累的纺织厂。go bankruptbecome bankrupt 破产 Many small businesses will go bankrupt unless interest rates fall. 除非降低利率，否则许多小企业都要倒闭了。declare somebody bankruptsay officially that they are bankrupt 宣布某人破产 He was declared bankrupt in the High Court yesterday. 昨天在高等法院他被宣布破产了。bankrupt [transitive verb] He realized that it would bankrupt the company if he continued the expansion. 他意识到如果继续扩张的话，就会导致公司破产。bankruptcy [uncountable noun] It was no surprise when the Internet Startup firm declared bankruptcy. 互联网创业公司宣告破产是意料之中的事。insolvent /ɪnˈsɒlvəntǁɪnˈsɑːl-/ [adjective]a company or business person that isinsolvent has lost all their money 无清偿能力的；破产的 A spokesman denied the bank was insolvent, but depositors are rushing to withdraw their money. 一位发言人否认银行已破产，但储户却蜂拥而至，提取存款。 The court ordered the dissolution of seven insolvent housing loan companies. 法庭宣布解散七家破产的房屋贷款公司。become insolvent The company auditor has filed a warning that Eurotunnel is in danger of becoming insolvent. 公司审计员发出警告，说欧洲隧道公司有破产的危险。declare somebody insolventsay officially that they are insolvent 宣布某人破产 He withdrew savings from a major bank just two days before it was declared insolvent. 就在一家大银行宣告破产前的两天，他取出了存款。render somebody insolventmake someone insolvent 使某人破产 The bank could even be rendered insolvent by such a large payment. 这么巨额的一笔付款甚至可以导致这家银行破产。insolvency [uncountable noun] Accountants have been called in to save the firm from insolvency. 为挽救这家公司免于破产叫来了会计师。 If they cannot repay the loan, they face insolvency. 假如他们无力偿还贷款就得面临破产。go bust /ˌgəʊ ˈbʌst/ [verb phrase]informalto no longer have enough money to pay your debts, so that you have to stop doing business 【非正式】破产 The supermarket isn't there any more. They went bust ages ago. 那家超级市场已不在那儿了，他们早就破产了。 About 60,000 business go bust each year in the United States. 在美国，每年都有大约60,000家公司破产。ruin /ˈruːɪn, ˈruːən/ [transitive verb]if somethingruins someone, it makes them lose all their money and property after working very hard for it, and they have to stop doing business 使破产，导致破产 Many firms have been ruined by hasty decisions. 许多公司都因为仓促决策而导致破产。 The incident has all but ruined her financially. 这次事件使她经济上彻底破了产。 She is still angry with the suppliers, who she says ruined her by failing to deliver on time. 她至今都对那些供应商耿耿于怀，说是他们未及时供货而使她破了产。18 having no money to spend at the present time 目前没钱可花broke /brəʊk/ [adjective not before noun]informalhaving no money or very little money to spend at the moment 【非正式】没有钱的 ‘Can you lend me some money?’ ‘Sorry, I'm broke.’ “你能借给我一些钱吗？”“对不起，我已经没钱了。” She's just come back off holiday and she's completely broke. 她刚刚度完假回来，钱用得一点不剩。skint /skɪnt/ [adjective not before noun]British informalhaving no money at the moment 【英，非正式】没有钱的；一文不名的 I sold my record collection when I was skint one time. 有一次我没钱时把收集的唱片都卖了。 Can you lend me some money to tide me over? I'm a bit skint at the moment. 你能借点钱给我渡难关吗？我眼下穷得叮当响。strapped for cash /ˌstræpt fəʳ ˈkæʃ/ [adjective phrase]not having enough money at the moment 手头紧，没钱 I'm warning you, we're really strapped for cash right now. 我提醒你一下，眼下我们手头确实很紧。 I'm a bit strapped for cash myself at the moment, but I'll see what I can do. 现在我自己也没钱，但我会想办法。
