| 释义 |
tamarind|ˈtæmərɪnd|
Forms: 6–7 tamarinde, 7 -ynd, tamerind, thamarind, 8 tamarinth, 7– tamarind; also 6 (from Pg.) tamarindo, pl. -os, 6–7 (It.) pl. tamarindi, 7 (from F.) pl. tamarines.
[= Sp., Pg., It. tamarindo, med.L. tamarindus, ultimately ad. Arab. tamr-hindī, i.e. date of India, whence in the early herbalists and physicians tamar indi, in Marco Polo (Fr. version) tamarandi; in 13th c. F. tamarindes pl. (Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. tamarin (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. The fruit of the tree Tamarindus indica (see 2), a brown pod containing one to twelve seeds embedded in a soft brown or reddish-black acid pulp, valued for its medicinal qualities, and also used in cookery as a relish, etc. In Commerce, Med., etc. tamarinds means this pulp.
1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 60 Pourgers of choler... Tamarindes, halfe an ounce in a decoction. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. xl. 94 They haue greate store of Ginger, Cardamomon, Tamarindos..and such lyke. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 165 The Tamarinds brought from the Indies. 1652French Yorksh. Spa ix. 82 Some Lenitive, as..Manna, Tamarines,..syrop of Roses. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet in Aliments, etc. 244 Tamarinds, cooling, astringent, yet laxative to the lower Belly. 1812J. Smyth Pract. of Customs (1821) 252 The Tamarind is a pod resembling a bean-cod, containing two, three, or four seeds. 1872Oliver Elem. Bot. ii. 166 Tamarinds, as imported, are the pulp of the fruit of Tamarindus, preserved in syrup.
2. A large tree, Tamarindus indica, N.O. Leguminosæ, supposed to be a native of the E. Indies, but now cultivated in warm climates generally, bearing dark-green pinnate leaves and racemes of fragrant yellow flowers streaked with red, and producing the fruit described in 1, also a hard and heavy timber.
1614Purchas Pilgrimage v. vii. (ed. 2) 483 Ouer the said Temple grow many Tamarinds. 1698Fryer E. India & P. 126 A Grove of Mangoes and Thamarinds. 1727–46Thomson Summer 667 Lay me reclined Beneath the spreading tamarind. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. vii. xcv. 438 A table of tamarinth,..half the diameter of the tree which produced it. 1872Oliver Elem. Bot. ii. 165 The streaked wood of the Tamarind..used in cabinet work.
3. Applied to various trees (or their fruits) which resemble the tamarind in some respect; e.g. in New South Wales and other parts of Australia, a species of Cupania; usually with defining words.
bastard tamarind, Acacia trichophylloides, of Jamaica (Miller Plant-n. 1884). black, black-crown, brown, or velvet tamarind, a small leguminous tree, Codarium acutifolium or Dialium guineense: see quots. Manilla tamarind: see quot. 1866. wild tamarind, applied to various leguminous trees or shrubs, as, in the W. Indies, Pithecolobium filicifolium; in Jamaica, Acacia arborea; in Trinidad, Pentaclethra filamentosa (Miller). yellow tamarind of tropical America, Acacia villosa.
1833M. Scott Tom Cringle vii. (1859) 130 Overshadowed by a magnificent wild Tamarind. 1857Henfrey Bot. 280 The Tamarinds of Sierra Leone,..are species of Codarium. 1866Treas. Bot. 898/2 P[ithecolobium] dulce, a large tree native of the hot regions of Mexico..is now planted..in the Madras Presidency, where the fruit is known as Manilla Tamarinds. Ibid. 397/2 D[ialium] acutifolium, the Velvet Tamarind of Sierra Leone..The pod, about the size and form of a filbert, is covered with a beautiful black velvet down. 1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 332 Velvet Tamarind of Sierra Leone, Black Tamarind... The pulp surrounding the seeds is pleasantly acid and commonly eaten.
4. attrib. and Comb., as tamarind-pod, tamarind-pot, tamarind-pulp, tamarind-seed, tamarind-stone, tamarind-tree; also tamarind-fish, a relish made from various kinds of Indian fish preserved with the acid pulp of the tamarind fruit; † tamarind-palmetto, some species of palmetto; tamarind-plum, an E. Indian tree, Dialium indicum, or its fruit: see quots.; tamarind tea, water, an infusion of tamarinds, used as a cooling drink; tamarind-whey: see quot.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Tamarind-fish. 1865F. Day Fishes Malabar Introd. 9 The best Tamarind fish is prepared from the Seir fish and from the Lates calcarifer.
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 16 [The island of Johanna] The outwart Coat of which is embroidered with *Thamarind Palmetto.
1846Lindley Veg. Kingd. 549 Dialium indicum, also called the *Tamarind Plum. 1857Henfrey Bot. 280 Besides the Tamarind, other fruits, less acid, are eaten, as the Tamarind Plum.
1866Treas. Bot. 1121/1 The *tamarind-pods imported from the East Indies vary in length from three to six inches, and are slightly curved. They consist of a brittle brown shell, within which is a soft acid brown pulp, traversed by strong woody fibres.
1850Thackeray Pendennis li, He knew the way to the *tamarind-pots.
1836Brande Chem. (ed. 4) Index, *Tamarind pulp, 1062.
1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. ii. iv. 163 The Hindus endeavoured to appease the cravings of nature with..bruised *Tamarind stones, and the leaves of trees.
1883Chambers' Encycl. IX. 283/1 *Tamarind tea is made by infusing tamarinds in boiling water.
1681R. Knox Hist. Ceylon iv. i. 118 [He] sat down under a *Tamarind Tree. 1825Hone's Every-day Bk. I. 678 According to some botanists, the tamarind-tree enfolds within its leaves the flowers or fruit every night.
1885–8Fagge & Pye-Smith Princ. Med. (ed. 2) I. 150 For beverages he may be allowed to choose among barley-water, toast-and-water, lemonade, *tamarind-water,..and cold weak tea.
1883Chambers' Encycl. IX. 283/1 *Tamarind whey is prepared by boiling one ounce of tamarinds with a pint of new milk, and straining. |
