| 释义 |
▪ I. wold|wəʊld|
Forms: α. 1, 3, 4–6 Sc. wald, 5 walde, 7– dial. waud, 8 dial. wadd, 9 Sc. wauld. β. 3– wold, 4–6 wolde, 5–8 would, 7 wowld, pl. woles, 8 woald. γ. 6–7 old, 7 ould. See also weald.
[Com. Teut. (not extant in Gothic): OE. (Anglian) wald (WS. weald: see weald) str. masc. forest, wooded country = OFris. wald forest, MDu. wout, woud- (Du. woud), OS. wald forest, ? wilderness (MLG., LG. wold), OHG. wald forest, wilderness (MHG. walt, wald- forest, wood, timber, G. wald forest), ON. völlr untilled field, plain (Sw. vall pasture, Norw. voll grassy plain):—OTeut. *walþuz, of which the ulterior relations are doubtful. (From Teut. is derived OF. gua(l)d woodland, scrub, untilled land, whence gaudine bower, grove.)
After the early 16th cent., the word ceased to be in general use and became restricted to localities in which it entered into the proper designation of characteristic tracts of country, probably at one time thickly wooded; thence arose the general literary (esp. poetical) use defined in sense 3.]
†1. Forest, forest land; wooded upland. Obs.
786in Birch Cartul. Sax. (1885) I. 344 In limen wero wealdo, & in burh waro uualdo. a1000Judith 206 Þæs se hlanca ᵹefeah wulf in walde. a1225St. Marher. 10 Wilde deor þet on þeos wilde waldes wunieð. c1300in Stow Surv. Lond. (ed. Strype 1755) II. 280/2 marg., Fabri de Waldis. 13..in Somner Roman Ports & Forts Kent (1693) 110 Septem Dennas in sylva quæ vocatur Wald. Ibid. 113 Homines quoque de Walda debent unam domum æstivalem quod Anglicè dicitur Sumerhus, aut xx solidos dare. a1400–50Wars Alex. 3799 Þai droȝe furth be dissert & drinkles þai spill, Was nouthire waldis in þar walke ne water to fynde.
†2. A hill, down. Obs.
c1205Lay. 21530 Childric com sone ouer wald liðen [later text ouer dounes wende]. Ibid. 25758 Na whit heo ne funden quikes uppen wolden [later text vp þan hulle]. c1250Gen. & Ex. 938 Ðre der he toc, ilc ðre ȝer hold, And sacrede god on an wold. c1275Passion our Lord 27 in O.E. Misc. 38 Þe holy gost hyne ledde vp into þe wolde For to beon yuonded of sathanas. 1483Cath. Angl. 406/2 Y⊇ Walde, alpina. a1500Cov. Corpus Chr. Plays 15/436 Hereby apon a wolde Scheppardis wachyng there fold. 1513Douglas æneis x. xiii. 111 The travellour ȝond vnder the wald Lurkand wythdrawis to sum sovir hald. [1590Camden Britannia 279 Cotswold..Montes enim & colles Woulds olim dixerunt Angli, vnde Glossarium antiquum Alpes Italiæ The Woulds of Italie interpretatur.]
3. A piece of open country; a plain; in early use (with the) sometimes = ‘the plain’, the ground, the earth; in later use chiefly, an elevated tract of open country or moorland; also collect. pl. or sing. rolling uplands. (Frequent since c 1600 in vague poetical use.)
c1205Lay. 10001 Stod þe wundliche wude amidden ane wælde [later text wolde]. Ibid. 16461 Hengest bah a þene wald [later text Hii wende in to þan felde]. Ibid. 20842 Þenne he bið baldest ufenan þan walde. c1220Bestiary 606 Elpes..to-gaddre gon o wolde, So sep ðat cumen ut of folde. Ibid. 757 Ilk der ðe him hereð to him cumeð, And foleȝeð him up one ðe wold. 1375Barbour Bruce xviii. 555 Thair fayis, vith thair mycht, noyand, Quhill to the wald cummyn war thai. Syne northwarde tuk thai hame thar way, And distroyit, in thair repair, The vale haly of Beauvare. 1425in Rep. MSS. Ld. Middleton (1911) 107 No man with comyn herd ne with sched herd com on the wold after gresse be mowen to it be maked and led away. c1425Cast. Persev. 826 in Macro Plays 102 Whyl he walkyth in worldly wolde, I, Bakbyter, am with hym holde. 1471Hist. Arrivall Edw. IV (Camden 1838) 26 Aboute that place was a great and a fayre large playne, called a would. 1513Douglas æneis ix. xi. 13 Rane..dois smyte apon the wald [orig. humum]. 1538Starkey England (1878) 73 The wast groundys (as hethys, forestys, parkys and oldys). 1587Harrison England ii. xix. 206 in Holinshed, This may suffice for the vse of the word Wald, which now differeth much from Wold. For as that signifieth a woodie soile, so this betokeneth a soile without wood, or plaine champaine countrie, without anie store of trees. 1605Shakes. Lear iii. iv. 125 Swithold footed thrice the old. 1636W. Denny in Ann. Dubrensia (1877) 16 Faire fleec'd Sheepe, which beautifie the Woulds. 1740Somerville Hobbinol. i. 237 On the bleak Woald the new-born Infant lay, Expos'd to Winter Snows. 1810Scott Lady of L. iv. xiii, Or who may dare on wold to wear The fairies' fatal green? 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. lxix, Till he..from his further bank ætolia's wolds espied. 1832Tennyson To J. S. i, The wind, that beats the mountain, blows More softly round the open wold. a1845Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. iii. Blasphemer's Warn. 5 With broad lands, pasture, arable, woodland, and wold. 1865Kingsley Herew. Prel., Between the forests were open wolds. 1905A. C. Benson Thread of Gold iii, Beyond all ran the long pure line of the rising wold.
b. fig.
1633G. Herbert Temple, Pilgrimage iii, That led me to the wilde of passion, which Some call the wold. a1640Jackson Creed x. Notes to xxxi. 3141 Though I have cut up in the Wolds of Gentilism, and layd together a Turf or two. 1877L. Morris Epic of Hades ii. 117 The thick⁓leaved coverts deep And wind-worn wolds of life.
c. in alliterative conjunction with wood (occas. with waste, wild).
1813Scott Trierm. i. xi, On vent'rous quest to ride,..by wood and wold. 1821― Pirate xxvi, On they went, through wild and over wold. 1847Longfellow Ev. ii. iv, The notes of the robin..Sounded sweet upon wold and in wood. 1896J. Davidson Fleet St. Eclogues Ser. ii. 70 And waste and wold Took heart and shone.
4. Used in the specific designations of certain hilly tracts in England, viz. the hill country of North Yorkshire and Humberside (Yorkshire Wolds, † York(e)swold, † York-wolds), the Cotswold district, the hilly districts of Leicestershire and Lincolnshire.
1472–5Rolls of Parlt. VI. 157/2 Fell called Shorlyng and Morlyng, growyng in Yorkeswold. 1548N. Country Wills (Surtees 1908) 202 My manor in Willoughby upon the woldes. 1596Lambarde Peramb. Kent (ed. 2) 408 Those large champaignes of Yorkswold, and Cotswolde. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 523 Part of it [sc. Leicestershire] is called the Wold, as being hilly without wood. 1622Drayton Poly-olb. xxvi. Argt., Tow'rds Lester then her course she holds, And sailing o'er the pleasant Oulds, She fetcheth Soare down from her springs. 1622W. Burton Leicestersh. 296 Waltham on the Wouldes. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 28 Most of the grasse that groweth on the landes, and especially on the leyes of the wolds, is a small, sparrie, and dry grasse. 1669Phil. Trans. IV. 1012 In some wooddy parts of the Woles in Lincoln-shire. 1697Meriton Praise York-sh. Ale (ed. 3) 80 (East-Riding Yorks.) For Wolds or Woulds [they say] Wauds. 1725MSS. Dk. Portland (Hist. MSS. Comm.) VI. 95 The Yorkshire Wolds, called here the Wadds. 1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Yorkshire, A large tract called the York-Woulds. 1891Scrivener Fields & Cities 20 The north of Lincolnshire is..high and dry. It is called the ‘Wold’; but that does not mean big stones and heather. The Wold is not a moor; it is a succession of good turnip fields.
5. attrib. and Comb., as wold-dweller, wold-fire, wold-hill, wold-land; wold-like adj.; wold-mouse, a vole; woldsman, a dweller in the wolds.
1907M. C. F. Morris Nunburnholme 12 The early *Wold⁓dwellers.
1813Hogg Queen's Wake ii. (1814) 147 Like *wold-fire, at midnight, that glares on the waste.
1850‘Sylvanus’ Bye-lanes & Downs Introd. p. ix, A view of pastures, turnip and corn-fields, and *wold-hills, terminating in a distant glimpse of the ocean.
1799View Agric. Lincoln. 12 The *wold land about Louth.
1848Lytton Harold i. iii, Lands..wild and *wold-like.
1892Daily News 18 Nov. 5/1 Voles, or ‘*wold-mice’.
1765Museum Rust. IV. xxx. 138, I am told by the experienced *woldsmen, that there is as great difference as possible in the neatness of the making up the sheaves. 1895Naturalist 322 The Louth woldsmen were in the habit of attending Lincoln [market].
Hence ˈwolder in Yorkshire wolder, an inhabitant of the Yorkshire wolds.
1765Museum Rust. IV. xxx. 139 The experience of our Yorkshire wolders.
▪ II. wold
var. quold, pa. pple. of quell, to kill.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 255 Til he was on ðe rode wold, And biried in ðe rocke cold. Ibid. 420 Abel an hundred ȝer was hold, Ðan he was of is broðer wold. Ibid. 526 Ðor is writen quat aȝte a wold, Ðat ðis werld was water wold.
▪ III. wold(e
obs. ff. old, weld n.2, wield, woold. |
